Água aquecida e radiação UV-C no controle pós-colheita de Cryptosporiopsis perennans em maçãs

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a colonização de Cryptosporiopsis perennans na epiderme de maçãs e a eficiência da aplicação de água aquecida e radiação UV-C no controle desse patógeno. Em maçãs submetidas à inoculação de C. perennans, a colonização de lenticelas e das áreas adjacentes pelo patógeno foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A sensibilidade dos conídios de C. perennans aos tratamentos foi avaliada em suspensão aquosa, às temperaturas de 28, 45, 50 e 55ºC, por 15 e 30 s, e às doses de radiação UV-C de 0,018, 0,037, 0,075, 0,150, 0,375, 0,750, 1,500 e 3,000 kJ m-2. Em maçãs submetidas à inoculação de C. perennans, foram avaliados os efeitos de 0,375, 0,750 e 1,500 kJ m-2 de radiação UV-C e da aspersão de água aquecida à 50ºC, por 15 e 30 s no controle do patógeno. O fungo produziu abundante micélio e conídios nas lenticelas e nas áreas adjacentes, na epiderme das maçãs. A água aquecida a 50ºC por 15 s e à dose de radiação de UV-C de 0,750 kJ m-2 reduzem em mais de 99% a sobrevivência de conídios. A aspersão de água aquecida a 50ºC por 15 s e à dose de radiação de UV-C de 0,375 kJ m-2, controlam C. perennans em maçãs.

Sensitivity of yellow passion fruit to ultraviolet-B radiation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of UV-B radiation on the vegetative growth and on the gas exchange characteristics of passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis) grown in greenhouse. The average unweighted UV-B radiation near the apex of the plants was 8 W m-2 for the UV-B treatment (high UV-B), and 0.8 W m-2 for the control plants (low UV-B). Plants were irradiated with UV-B for 7 hours per day, centered on solar noon, during 16 days. High UV-B radiation resulted in lower shoot dry matter accumulation per plant. The content of UV-B absorbing compounds and anthocyanins was increased in the plants exposed to high UV-B radiation, when compared with the control. UV-B radiation did not affect stomatal conductance or transpiration rate, but reduced photosynthesis and instantaneous water-use efficiency, and increased intercellular CO2 concentration. The accumulation of UV-B-absorbing compounds and anthocyanins did not effectively shield plants from supplementary UV-B radiation, since the growth and photosynthetic processes were significantly reduced.

Predicting rapeseed oil content with near-infrared spectroscopy

The objective of this work was to establish a calibration equation and to estimate the efficiency of near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for evaluating rapeseed oil content in Southern Brazil. Spectral data from 124 half-sib families were correlated with oil contents determined by the chemical method. The accuracy of the equation was verified by coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.92, error of calibration (SEC) of 0.78, and error of performance (SEP) of 1.22. The oil content of ten genotypes, which were not included in the calibration with NIR, was similar to the one obtained by the standard chemical method. NIR spectroscopy is adequate to differentiate oil content of rapeseed genotypes.

Tratamentos hidrotérmico e com radiação UV-C no controle pós-colheita da podridão olho-de-boi em uma linha comercial de seleção de maçãs

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da aspersão hidrotérmica e da radiação UV-C no controle pós-colheita da podridão olho-de-boi (POB) em maçãs 'Fuji', após um e oito meses de armazenamento, e 'Gala', após cinco meses de armazenamento, ambas sob condição de atmosfera controlada (AC). Esses frutos foram inoculados ou mantidos com infecção natural de Cryptosporiopsis perennans. As maçãs 'Fuji' foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos, aplicados em uma linha comercial de seleção: sem tratamento (testemunha); aspersão hidrotérmica (água a 50ºC por 12 segundos); radiação UV-C (0,0069 kJ m-2); e aspersão hidrotérmica + radiação UV-C. As maçãs 'Gala' também foram submetidas a estes tratamentos utilizados em 'Fuji', exceto ao tratamento com aspersão hidrotérmica + radiação UV-C. Após os tratamentos, as maçãs foram incubadas a 22ºC por 15 dias e avaliadas quanto à incidência da doença. Nas maçãs 'Fuji', os tratamentos de aspersão hidrotérmica e/ou radiação UV-C reduziram a incidência da POB nos frutos inoculados e com infecção natural, proporcionando controle superior a 56% e 54%, em relação à testemunha, respectivamente. Em maçãs 'Gala' inoculadas, os tratamentos com aspersão hidrotérmica e radiação UV-C também reduziram o número de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) nos frutos, com controle superior a 70%, e a incidência da POB, com controle superior a 69% em relação à testemunha. Em maçãs 'Gala', com infecção natural, estes tratamentos apresentaram controle da POB superior a 85% em relação à testemunha. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os tratamentos com aspersão hidrotérmica e/ou radiação UV-C reduzem a incidência da POB em maçãs 'Fuji' e 'Gala', em linha comercial de seleção. Todavia, o uso da radiação UV-C, em ambas as cultivares, foi o tratamento que apresentou maior benefício e retorno econômico.

Fenólicos totais, polifenoloxidade e coloração em abacate 'Hass' submetido a radiação UV-C

Avaliou-se o efeito da radiação UV-C em abacates Hass, quanto ao conteúdo de fenólicos totais, atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase (PPO) e coloração. Os frutos selecionados foram submetidos à radiação em luz UV-C durante 5; 10; 15 e 20 minutos, sendo mantidos sob refrigeração (10 ± 1 ºC e 90±5% UR), e avaliados durante 15 dias. Para o teor fenólicos totais e PPO, não se observou diferença entre os tratamentos dos frutos nos diferentes tempos de exposição à luz UV-C. Os teores fenólicos totais e PPO diminuíram durante o período experimental. Os valores de luminosidade mantiveram-se elevados (85,4 a 88,5) no armazenamento. Os valores de cor a* e b* diminuíram com o armazenamento de forma mais intensa para os frutos submetidos à radiação UV-C. Não houve correlação significativa para a PPO, conteúdo de fenólicos totais e coloração.

PREVENTION OF CHILLING INJURY IN 'TOMMY ATKINS' MANGOES PREVIOUSLY STORED AT 5 ºC, USING HEAT TREATMENT AND RADIATION UV (UV-C)

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment and ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) in the prevention of chilling injury in mangoes cv. Tommy Atkins previously stored or not under injury condition after their transference to ambient condition. Fruits were divided into groups: two were hydrothermally treated (46.1 ºC/90 min; 55 ºC/5 min) and two were exposed to UV-C radiation (1.14 kJ m-2; 2.28 kJ m-2). These groups were stored under chilling injury conditions (5 ºC for 14 days), as established in preliminary tests. Other untreated groups were stored at 12 ºC or 5 ºC. After the storage period, they were transferred to ambient conditions (21.9 ºC; 55% RH) and the quality was evaluated. All the data were submitted to multivariate analysis as the tool to verify the simultaneous effect of the treatments under the quality parameters. The multivariate analysis indicated that the hydrothermal treatments at 46.1 °C/90 min and 55 °C/5 min and the UV-C radiation at doses of 1.14 kJ m-2 and 2.28 kJ m-2 were effective in minimized the symptoms of chilling injury in mangoes ‘Tommy Atkins’ stored at 5 °C for 14 days. However, after their transference to environmental condition at 21.9 °C, only the UV-C kept this control, especially at a dose of 2.28 kJ m-2. This treatment did not prevent the development of the characteristic color or affected the normal ripening and allowed the conservation of fruit for a period of 14 days at 5 °C, plus seven days of storage at environmental condition, which corresponds to the shipping transportation plus the time for sale.

Análise multicomponente simultânea por espectrofotometria de absorção molecular UV-VIS

This review presents the evolution of simultaneous multicomponent analysis by absorption spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet and visual regions in terms of some qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques, otimization methods, as well as applications and modern trends.

Estudo espectroscópico de vidros a base de aluminato de cálcio contendo Nd3+

Multicomponent ( Al2O3, CaO, SiO2, MgO) calcium aluminate-based glasses containing Nd3+ were prepared in order to evaluate their possibilities as laser host materials. The refractive index, UV-visible-near IR absorption spectrum, IR and visible luminescence spectra, and fluorescence decay time were measured. Judd-Ofelt model was used to obtain experimental intensity parameters ( omega2, omega4 and omega6), emission cross-section, radiative lifetimes, emission branching ratios and quantum efficiency.

A simplified procedure for determination of clofentezine residues in fruits by liquid chromatography with UV detection

A rapid and sensitive method is described for the determination of clofentezine residues in apple, papaya, mango and orange. The procedure is based on the extraction of the sample with a hexane:ethyl acetate mixture (1:1, v/v) and liquid chromatographic analysis using UV detection. Mean recoveries from 4 replicates of fortified fruit samples ranged from 81% to 96%, with coefficients of variation from 8.9% to 12.5%. The detection and quantification limits of the method were of 0.05 and 0.1 mg kg-1, respectively.

Estratégias para aumento de sensibilidade em espectrofotometria UV-VIS

Spectrophotometry is one of the most widespread analytical techniques due to its simplicity, reliability, and low-cost instrumentation for both direct measurements and coupled to other techniques or processes such as chromatography, electrophoresis and flow analysis. However, the application is often limited by sensitivity. This article describes some advances that greatly improve the performance of spectrophotometric measurements, especially in order to increase sensitivity, including the employment of liquid-core waveguides and solid-phase spectrophotometry.

Remoção de cor em soluções de corantes reativos por oxidação com H2O2/UV

This paper summarizes the result of a degradation test of two azo-reactive dyes (Reactive Blue 214, Reactive Red 243) under UV irradiation in the presence of H2O2. Five different doses of hydrogen peroxide (0 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM and 30 mM) at constant initial concentration of the substrate (100 mg/L) were used. The radiation source were three 15 W-lamps. Complete destruction of the color of the solutions was attained in 40-50 min of irradiation. UV/H2O2 proved capable of complete discoloration and degradation of the above azo reactive dyes.

Influência de desproteinizantes ácidos na quantificação da glutationa reduzida eritrocitária por CLAE-UV

Large differences in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels have been found in different investigations, also in healthy people. GSH oxidation in vitro has been associated with sample acidification in the presence of oxihemoglobin. In this work, the influence of different acids on GSH determination utilizing HPLC with UV detection was evaluated. The results showed that metaphosphoric acid and sulfosalicylic acid were inadequate for analysis, because metaphosphoric acid showed to be inefficient for deproteinization and with sulfosalicylic acid loss of GSH was observed. Trichloroacetic acid did not effect GSH quantification, since the deproteinized form was immediately derivatized with 5, 5´-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic) acid. Methods with TCA deproteinization presented linear results from 0.5 to 3.0 mM. The correlation coefficient between aqueous curves and GSH spiked RBC exceeded 0.99. Precision calculations showed CV lower than 10% and bias within ± 10% for concentrations of 0.5; 1.5 and 3.0 mM GSH. The recovery was higher than 94%. Moreover, GSH blood concentrations were independent of hemoglobin concentrations.

Aplicação de radiação UV artificial e solar no tratamento fotocatalítico de efluentes de curtume

Tannery effluents are very dangerous for the environment since they contain large amounts of dangerous and biorecalcitrant contaminants (organic matter and Cr(VI)). This paper reports the efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis, based on the application of solar and artificial radiation, furnished by UV lamps, using TiO2 fixed on a flat plate, in the treatment of synthetic effluents. The results of COD and Cr(VI) demonstrate that the use of solar radiation is the most efficient way to perform the photocatalytic treatment of these effluents since a minimum removal of 62 and 61% was observed for Cr(VI) and organic matter, respectively.

Performance characteristics of bioassay UV-spectrophotometry and high perfomance liquid chromatographic determination of gatifloxacin in tablets

The microbiological bioassay, UV-spectrophotometry and HPLC methods for assaying gatifloxacin in tablets were compared. Validation parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were determined. Beer's law was obeyed in the ranges 4.0-14.0 μg/mL for HPLC and UV-spectrophotometric method, and 4.0-16.0 μg/mL for bioassay. All methods were reliable within acceptable limits for antibiotic pharmaceutical preparations being accurate, precise and reproducible. The bioassay and HPLC are more specific than UV-spectrophotometric analysis. The application of each method as a routine analysis should be investigated considering cost, simplicity, equipment, solvents, speed, and application to large or small workloads.

Quantitation of genistein and genistin in soy dry extracts by UV-Visible spectrophotometric method

This paper describes the development and validation of an UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for quantitation of genistein and genistin in soy dry extracts, after reaction with aluminum chloride. The method showed to be linear (r²= 0.9999), precise (R.S.D. < 2%), accurate (recovery of 101.56%) and robust. Seven samples of soy dry extracts were analyzed by the spectrophotometric validated method and by RP-HPLC. Genistein concentrations determined by spectrophotometry (0.63% - 16.05%) were slightly higher than values obtained by HPLC analysis (0.40% - 12.79%); however, the results of both methods showed a strong correlation.