Public opinion and foreign policy in João Goulart's Brazil (1961-1964): Coherence between national and foreign policy perceptions?

Abstract This paper analyses public opinion during the João Goulart government in Brazil (1961-1964), focusing on public perceptions on domestic and foreign policies. We employ a recently declassified public opinion survey conducted on behalf of United States Information Agency (USIA) in urban areas. We found that the Brazilian public opinion was somewhat coherent, supporting redistributive reforms domestically and a neutralist approach in foreign affairs.

Caracterização clínica, diagnóstico histopatológico e distribuição geográfica das neoplasias mamárias em cadelas de Salvador, Bahia

Os tumores espontâneos da glândula mamária representam, nas cadelas, a neoplasia mais observada na clínica de pequenos animais, justificando o grande interesse dos pesquisadores no estudo dessa lesão. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a frequência dos tumores mamários em cadelas atendidas no HOSPMEV/UFBA, no município de Salvador, no período de janeiro de 2006 a abril de 2008, bem como realizar a caracterização clínica, a classificação histopatológica e o georreferenciamento dessa patologia. Os resultados revelaram alta prevalência de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas, em sua maioria tumores, em estádios mais avançados, sendo os carcinomas em tumores mistos o tipo histológico predominante. Observou-se ainda a correlação das características socioeconômicas da população estudada com fatores sabidamente prognósticos para neoplasias mamárias em cadelas. Esses resultados refletem a procura tardia da assistência Médica Veterinária. Por isso, é urgente educar a população quanto prevenção e detecção da neoplasia mamária nas cadelas, buscando o diagnóstico precoce e a terapêutica adequada.

Susceptibilidade de espécies de plantas com potencial de fitorremediação do herbicida sulfentrazone

Dentre as novas tecnologias, a fitorremediação é opção para a descontaminação de áreas que receberam intensas aplicações de herbicidas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de selecionar espécies com potencial para a fitorremediação de solos contaminados com o herbicida sulfentrazone. As espécies testadas foram: Calopogonium mucunoides, híbrido de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense), Crotalaria breviflora, Crotalaria juncea, Canavalia ensiformis, Dolichos lablab, Stizolobium deeringianum e Stizolobium aterrimum, cultivadas em cinco doses do sulfentrazone (0, 200, 400, 800 e 1.600 g ha-1). O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se vasos com capacidade para 6 L, preenchidos com amostras de solo coletadas na profundidade de 0-20 cm. Foram avaliadas a fitotoxicidade do herbicida, a altura de plantas e a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e de raízes. As espécies que manifestaram os menores sintomas de fitotoxicidade e os maiores índices de altura e matéria fresca e seca foram C. juncea, C. ensiformis e D. lablab, sendo selecionadas como tolerantes ao herbicida sulfentrazone e com potencial para fitorremediação.

Escolas de governo: o panorama brasileiro

Escolas de governo têm papel significativo na vida do servidor público, valorizando-o e qualificando-o para a construção de uma nova imagem do serviço público. Apesar disso, esse é um universo de instituições ainda não totalmente conhecido e com poucos estudos. Partindo desse princípio, o objetivo deste artigo é traçar o panorama das escolas de governo do Brasil, descrevendo-as e analisando-as criticamente. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico em estudos já publicados e nos websites relacionados às escolas, seguida de uma análise de conteúdo baseada nos critérios utilizados por Aires e colaboradores (2012). Os resultados apontaram que os estados pertencentes às regiões Norte e alguns estados da região Nordeste apresentaram um baixo desempenho nos critérios analisados, se comparados às escolas das outras regiões brasileiras.

"Não Saulos, mas Paulos": Uma carta do padre João Felipe Bettendorff da missão do Maranhão (1671)

O presente documento foi redigido em 1671, em forma de carta circular, pelo padre luxemburguês João Felipe Bettendorff, superior da Missão do Maranhão. Escrita em um contexto de crise econômica e incerteza jurídica, a missiva elucida dois pontos pouco pesquisados pela historiografia: as dificuldades enfrentadas pela missão amazônica após a primeira expulsão dos jesuítas em 1661, e as dissensões internas da Companhia de Jesus em decorrência de sua rápida expansão ultramarina.

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigênico no vestíbulo nasal de manipuladores de alimentos em cozinhas de hospitais do município de João Pessoa, PB, Brasil

Realizou-se a pesquisa de S. aureus em material de vestíbulo nasal de 78 manipuladores de alimentos que trabalhavam nas cozinhas de 8 hospitais. As cepas isoladas, após a sua identificação bioquímica, foram submetidas a provas de fagotipagem e à verificação da capacidade produtora de enterotoxina estafilocócica. Na produção de enterotoxina utilizou-se um método de cultura em saco de celofane. Nas provas de fagotipagem foram empregados os fagos do Conjunto Básico Internacional e mais sete experimentais (86, 88, 89, 90,92, D11 e HK2) e dois extras (187 e 42D). Dos manipuladores examinados, 33 (42,3%) revelaram-se portadores nasais de S. aureus, sendo que de 5 (6,4%) foram isoladas cepas produtoras de enterotoxina estafilocócica. De dois isolaram-se cepas produtoras de enterotoxina do tipo B e dos outros três indivíduos, cepas produtoras de enterotoxinas dos tipos C, AE e ABE, respectivamente. Das 59 submetidas à fagotipagem, 54 (91,5%) revelaram-se fagotipáveis. Houve predominância de cepas lisadas por fagos do grupo III, seguido pelos NC (Não Classificados), em ambos os casos, isoladamente ou em associação.

HIV rapid testing as a key strategy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of HIV rapid testing for pregnant women at maternity hospital admission and of subsequent interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. METHODS: Study based on a convenience sample of women unaware of their HIV serostatus when they were admitted to delivery in public maternity hospitals in Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre, Brazil, between March 2000 and April 2002. Women were counseled and tested using the Determine HIV1/2 Rapid Test. HIV infection was confirmed using the Brazilian algorithm for HIV infection diagnosis. In utero transmission of HIV was determined using HIV-DNA-PCR. There were performed descriptive analyses of sociodemographic data, number of previous pregnancies and abortions, number of prenatal care visits, timing of HIV testing, HIV rapid test result, neonatal and mother-to-child transmission interventions, by city studied. RESULTS: HIV prevalence in women was 6.5% (N=1,439) in Porto Alegre and 1.3% (N=3.778) in Rio de Janeiro. In Porto Alegre most of women were tested during labor (88.7%), while in Rio de Janeiro most were tested in the postpartum (67.5%). One hundred and forty-four infants were born to 143 HIV-infected women. All newborns but one in each city received at least prophylaxis with oral zidovudine. It was possible to completely avoid newborn exposure to breast milk in 96.8% and 51.1% of the cases in Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro, respectively. Injectable intravenous zidovudine was administered during labor to 68.8% and 27.7% newborns in Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro, respectively. Among those from whom blood samples were collected within 48 hours of birth, in utero transmission of HIV was confirmed in 4 cases in Rio de Janeiro (4/47) and 6 cases in Porto Alegre (6/79). CONCLUSIONS: The strategy proved feasible in maternity hospitals in Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre. Efforts must be taken to maximize HIV testing during labor. There is a need of strong social support to provide this population access to health care services after hospital discharge.

Trypanosoma cruzi strains from triatomine collected in Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

OBJECTIVE Collection of triatomines in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments in states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Northeastern and Southern Brazil respectively, and isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi strains. METHODS First, the captured triatomines were identified using insect identification keys, then their intestinal content was examined by abdominal compression, and the samples containing trypanosomatid forms were inoculated in LIT medium and Swiss mice. RESULTS Six triatomine species were collected in cities in Bahia, namely Panstrongylus geniculatus (01), Triatoma melanocephala (11), T. lenti (94), T. pseudomaculata (02), T. sherlocki (26) and T. sordida (460), and two in cities in Rio Grande do Sul, namely T. circummaculata (11) and T. rubrovaria (115). Out of the specimens examined, T. cruzi was isolated from 28 triatomine divided into four different species: T. melanocephala (one), T. lenti (one), T. rubrovaria (16) and T. sordida (10). Their index of natural infection by T. cruzi was 6.4%. CONCLUSIONS The isolation of T. cruzi strains from triatomines found in domestic and peridomestic areas shows the potential risk of transmission of Chagas disease in the studied cities. The maintenance of those T. cruzi strains in laboratory is intended to promote studies that facilitate the understanding of the parasite-vector-host relationship.

Four adult hemoglobin types in one mulatto family

The studied family showed the presence of four different types of hemoglobin. The family member who gave rise to this study (=propositus) presented Hb C and the hybrid Hb CG-phila. The propositus has three children, all of which have Hb AC; none of the family members showed any clinical symptoms. The investigation of the hemoglobin arose from the finding of target red cells in a blood test done during the pre-operatory examination for lower limb varicose vein stripping. The hybrid Hb CG-phila is due to two gene pairs, each of which with individual expression, determining the synthesis and the particular type subunits. The hybrid Hb CG-phila is formed by the combination velocity of the subunits alpha2G-philabeta2; therefore the proportion of the hybrid Hb CG-phila is lower than Hb G-phila and Hb C. The identification and molecular characterization of Hb G-phila showed the position alpha268 Asn->Lys beta2 and Hb C showed alpha2beta26 Glu->Lys.

Coccidioidomycosis in Brazil. A case report

Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic infection with a relatively limited geographic distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguai, Argentina and the southwest of the United States. In these countries, the endemic area is restricted to the semiarid desert like regions which are similar to the northeast of Brazil. Case report: The patient is a 32 year-old male, born in the state of Bahia (Northeast of Brazil) and has been living in São Paulo (Southeast) for 6 years. He was admitted at Hospital das Clínicas, at the Department of Pneumology in October 1996, with a 6 month history of progressive and productive cough, fever, malaise, chills, loss of weight, weakness and arthralgia in the small joints. Chest x-rays and computerized tomography disclosed an interstitial reticulonodular infiltrate with a cavity in the right upper lobe. The standard potassium hydroxide preparation of sputum and broncoalveolar lavage demonstrated the characteristic thickened wall spherules in various stages of development. Sabouraud dextrose agar, at 25° C and 30° C showed growth of white and cottony aerial micelium. The microscopic morphology disclosed branched hyphae characterized by thick walled, barrel shaped arthroconidia alternated with empty cells. The sorological studies with positive double immunodiffusion test, and also positive complement fixation test in 1/128 dilution confirmed the diagnosis. The patient has been treated with ketoconazole and presents a favorable clinical and radiological evolution

Antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection/AIDS and the risk of developing hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia

A cross-sectional study with internal comparison groups was conducted to describe sociodemographic characteristics, as well as verify the association between the type of antiretroviral treatment used and hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, with special attention to the use of HIV protease inhibitors. The data was obtained through an interview questionnaire, as well as blood and urine samples that were collected for the laboratory exams. A total of 418 patients were interviewed. 46 of these, however, met the exclusion criteria. The sample was therefore composed by 372 HIV positive patients, attended at the laboratory of the Correia Picanço State Hospital for the collection of blood, to estimate the HIV viral load and/or TCD4 cell counts from August to November 2000. The association between the variables was tested using the chi-square test and the p-value. A multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to adjust for potential confounding factors. A greater frequency of patients with high glucose levels was observed among those making use of antiretroviral therapy without protease inhibitors, but the number of patients limited the comparisons. An association was verified between the total serum cholesterol level and the use of HIV protease inhibitors (p = 0.047) even after controlling for age. An association was also observed between the triglyceride levels and the use of HIV protease inhibitors, which remained after adjustment for age, sex and creatinine levels (p < 0.001). The levels of glucose and TSH, the presence of proteinuria and the practice of physical activity were not associated either with the levels of cholesterol or with the levels of tryglicerides thus they were not confounders of the associations described.

FIRST REPORT ON OTOTOXICITY OF MEGLUMINE ANTIMONIATE

Introduction: Pentavalent antimonials are the first drug of choice in the treatment of tegumentary leishmaniasis. Data on ototoxicity related with such drugs is scarcely available in literature, leading us to develop a study on cochleovestibular functions. Case Report: A case of a tegumentary leishmaniasis patient, a 78-year-old man who presented a substantial increase in auditory threshold with tinnitus and severe rotatory dizziness during the treatment with meglumine antimoniate, is reported. These symptoms worsened in two weeks after treatment was interrupted. Conclusion: Dizziness and tinnitus had already been related to meglumine antimoniate. However, this is the first well documented case of cochlear-vestibular toxicity related to meglumine antimoniate.