Ponto de colheita ideal de mangas 'Tommy Atkins' destinadas ao mercado europeu

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em um pomar comercial do Pólo Agrícola Mossoró-Assu, localizado no município de Assu-RN. Teve como objetivo caracterizar e determinar o melhor estádio de maturação para a colheita de mangas 'Tommy Atkins' destinadas ao mercado Europeu. Os frutos foram marcados e avaliados aos 82 (E1), 89 (E2), 96 (E3) e 103 (E4) dias após a floração plena (DFP) e no estádio de colheita comercial (EC)., As avaliações foram feitas por ocasião da colheita e após 21 dias de armazenamento refrigerado (13 ± 1° C e 99 % UR). As variáveis analisadas foram cor da casca e da polpa do fruto, perda de massa, firmeza, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), relação SST/ATT, açúcares solúveis totais (AST), amido e atividade respiratória. Observou-se que, os picos climatéricos ocorreram aos 10 dias após a colheita nos frutos colhidos no estádio E2 e aos 7 dias nos colhidos nos estádios E3 e EC. Os frutos colhidos nos estádios E2, E3, E4 e EC amadureceram normalmente após 21 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. Sendo que os colhidos nos estádios E3 e EC se apresentaram muito semelhantes e alcançaram melhor qualidade, indicando que a colheita pode ser realizada nesses estádios, e que o período de 96 DFP pode ser considerado como mais um indicador do ponto de colheita.

The ideal table grapes for the Spanish market

This paper seeks to explore a survey of consumers in Spain. The survey explores the attributes of quality that consumers are seeking and promotion of grapes via "quality" marks, which are indicators of possible ways to increase demand. The reason consumers are switching to other foods, such as dairy based snacks, is that grapes are not easy to eat, can be unreliable in terms of their quality attributes, and their price more variable. Consumers are also generally unaware of the marks quality currently used.

Estádio de maturação para o período ideal de colheita de maçãs 'Daiane' destinadas à armazenagem

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar índices de maturação para o ponto ideal de colheita, de maçãs 'Daiane', destinadas a longos períodos de armazenamento. Maçãs foram colhidas semanalmente, em dois pomares comerciais, no período de 113 a 149 dias após a plena floração (DAPF), e armazenadas por 180 ou 240 dias a 0,7ºC, em atmosfera controlada. Medidas do estádio de maturação e da qualidade das maçãs foram realizadas um dia após a colheita e após a armazenagem. Atributos da aparência (cor vermelha) e sabor (relação açúcar/acidez) indicaram que a qualidade de maçãs 'Daiane', na colheita, é máxima quando colhidas 149 DAPF. No entanto, medidas da firmeza da polpa e da qualidade sensorial, realizadas após a armazenagem, indicaram que o período ideal de colheita de maçãs 'Daiane', destinadas a longos períodos de armazenagem, não deve estender-se além dos 136 DAPF. Maçãs 'Daiane' devem ser colhidas a partir de 121 DAPF para que mais da metade dos frutos tenham mais de 75% da superfície avermelhada. Desta maneira, o período ideal de colheita de maçãs 'Daiane', destinadas a longos períodos de armazenagem, ocorreu entre 121 e 136 DAPF no pomar 1, e entre 129 e 136 DAPF no pomar 2. No período ideal de colheita (121 a 136 DAPF), maçãs 'Daiane' apresentaram, um dia após a colheita, firmeza de 67 a 74 N, SS de 11,5 a 13 %, AT de 0,26% a 0,34%, índice de amido de 4,6 a 7,9 e índice de cor de fundo da epiderme de 2,6 a 4,0.

COMPOSIÇÃO IDEAL DA SOLUÇÃO FILMOGÊNICA ADICIONADA DE PREBIÓTICO, APLICADA EM UVAS ‘THOMPSON’

A aplicação de coberturas comestíveis em frutas e hortaliças deve ser precedida de testes que busquem a formulação que melhor se adapta àquele produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição ideal da cobertura comestível à base de cera de carnaúba adicionada de prebiótico a ser aplicada em uvas variedade Thompson, armazenadas sob refrigeração. Após a seleção, os frutos foram higienizados e procedeu-se à aplicação de soluções aquosas de cera de carnaúba adicionadas de Fruto-oligossacarídeo (FOS). Foram testadas treze formulações, utilizando as combinações de 50; 33; 25 e 0% (v/v) de cera de carnaúba e 30; 20; 10 e 0% do FOS (p/v). Durante 25 dias, foram avaliados parâmetros de textura, físicoquímicos e físicos. Os parâmetros de textura avaliados sofreram alterações durante o período do estudo, mas sem evidências de terem sofrido interferência das coberturas aplicadas. As formulações que se mostraram mais promissoras para futuras aplicações comerciais foram dos tratamentos B (50% de cera, 20% de FOS), K (25% de cera, 10% de FOS) e L (25% de cera, 0% de FOS).

O residente ideal em radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem

A Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica, em 2003, estabeleceu novos critérios para o credenciamento de programas de Residência Médica em Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem. Apesar dessas normas representarem um avanço no treinamento do residente, outras competências e habilidades específicas deverão ser desenvolvidas no sentido de acompanhar o rápido desenvolvimento técnico e científico, e para atender as novas exigências do mercado de trabalho. Os autores apresentam as principais competências e habilidades que complementam a formação do radiologista, sugerindo modificação nos atuais programas para que os residentes possam adquiri-las.

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules: assessment of the ideal number of punctures

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of punctures in fine-needle aspiration biopsies required for a safe cytological analysis of thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study with focus on diagnosis. The study population included 94 patients. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients participating in the study was 52 years (standard-deviation = 13.7) and 90.4% of them were women. Considering each puncture as an independent event, the first puncture has showed conclusive results in 78.7% of cases, the second, in 81.6%, and the third, in 71.8% of cases. With a view to the increasing chance of a conclusive diagnosis at each new puncture, two punctures have showed conclusive results in 89.5% of cases, and three punctures, in 90.6% of cases with at least one conclusive result. CONCLUSION: Two punctures in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules have lead to diagnosis in 89.5% of cases in the study sample, suggesting that there is no need for multiple punctures to safely obtain the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

The role of the poet in Plato's ideal cities of Callipolis and Magnesia

Plato's attitude toward the poets and poetry has always been a flashpoint of debate, controversy and notoriety, but most scholars have failed to see their central role in the ideal cities of the Republic and the Laws, that is, Callipolis and Magnesia. In this paper, I argue that in neither dialogue does Plato "exile" the poets, but, instead, believes they must, like all citizens, exercise the expertise proper to their profession, allowing them the right to become full-fledged participants in the productive class. Moreover, attention to certain details reveals that Plato harnesses both positive and negative factors in poetry to bring his ideal cities closer to a practical realization. The status of the poet and his craft in this context has rarely to my knowledge been addressed.

Use of interactive performance optimization for identifying the ideal profile of swine finishing producers

The present research aimed to develop a modeling capable of identifying the ideal profile of swine finishing producers using the interactive performance optimization, which began by verifying qualitative the criteria considered most relevant to the decision-making, generating a closed structured diagnosis that covers the socioeconomic aspects about the activity, until the design of a mathematical model able to translate the data obtained in quantitative information. For the verification, it was proposed a practical study for a universe of 120 members of a cooperative in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The results showed that, from the application and the definition of the ideal profile, it was possible to verify that 82 producers are in the group of those who have obtained a "Good" performance, and to 44 the result is in the range between 86% to 90% from the ideal, which means that most have short or medium-term conditions to evolve their status for the considered "Very Good", where only 12.5% of the producers are currently.

Momento ideal para a endarterectomia de carótida após um AVC recente

Vários estudos prospectivos de escolha aleatória confirmaram a eficácia da endarterectomia de carótida na prevenção de novos acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC) em pacientes sintomáticos com estenose grave na carótida. Entretanto, o timing da endarterectomia ainda é controverso. A cirurgia precoce pode estar associada à hemorragia intracerebral e à extensão do infarto inicial. A cirurgia tardia pode expor o paciente à recorrência do AVC e à oclusão da artéria carótida. Os estudos que avaliaram o intervalo de tempo para a endarterectomia são retrospectivos e não randomizados. Na ausência de um estudo prospectivo randomizado comparando endarterectomia precoce e tardia, uma abordagem para se interpretar os resultados das séries cirúrgicas é a comparação destes com a história natural do AVC isquêmico. Os autores descrevem os argumentos em favor da cirurgia precoce, a história natural do AVC isquêmico e os fatores de risco associados ao AVC no perioperatório da endarterectomia.

Traqueostomia percutânea: técnica ideal?

A traqueostomia percutânea tem substituído a traqueostomia convencional em muitas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, devido à facilidade e segurança do método realizado à beira do leito, dispensando o transporte do paciente da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva para o Centro Cirúrgico. Alguns autores sugerem que a dissecção limitada resulta em menor dano tecidual, diminui o risco de sangramento e infecção de ferida operatória. Esta revisão visa analisar e sintetizar estudos prospectivos e randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises, comparando a traqueostomia percutânea e traqueostomia convencional em pacientes adultos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.

Flows of Bingham Materials Through Ideal Porous Media: an Experimental and Theoretical Study

The flow of Bingham liquids through porous media has been studied. Experiments have been performed to determine the flow rate / pressure drop relationship for the flow of a grease of Binghamian rheological behavior through an array of rods of circular cross section. The yield stress and plastic viscosity of the grease have been determined with the aid of a controlled stress rotational rheometer. To investigate a wider range of the flow parameters, the mass and momentum conservation equations have been solved numerically, in conjunction with the generalized Newtonian constitutive law and the bi-viscosity model. The finite volume method has been employed to obtain the numerical solution. These numerical results also yielded a flow rate / pressure drop relationship, which is in very good agreement with the experimental results. A capillaric theory has been developed to determine an analytical relationship between the flow rate and pressure drop for flows of Bingham liquids through porous media. It is shown that the predictions of this theory are in good agreement with the experimental and numerical results.

Analysis of Regular and Irregular Dynamics of a Non Ideal Gear Rattling Problem

This paper presents a study on the dynamics of the rattling problem in gearboxes under non-ideal excitation. The subject has being analyzed by a number of authors such as Karagiannis and Pfeiffer (1991), for the ideal excitation case. An interesting model of the same problem by Moon (1992) has been recently used by Souza and Caldas (1999) to detect chaotic behavior. We consider two spur gears with different diameters and gaps between the teeth. Suppose the motion of one gear to be given while the motion of the other is governed by its dynamics. In the ideal case, the driving wheel is supposed to undergo a sinusoidal motion with given constant amplitude and frequency. In this paper, we consider the motion to be a function of the system response and a limited energy source is adopted. Thus an extra degree of freedom is introduced in the problem. The equations of motion are obtained via a Lagrangian approach with some assumed characteristic torque curves. Next, extensive numerical integration is used to detect some interesting geometrical aspects of regular and irregular motions of the system response.

Application of the center manifold theory to the study of slewing flexible Non-ideal structures with nonlinear curvature: a case study

In this paper is Analyzed the local dynamical behavior of a slewing flexible structure considering nonlinear curvature. The dynamics of the original (nonlinear) governing equations of motion are reduced to the center manifold in the neighborhood of an equilibrium solution with the purpose of locally study the stability of the system. In this critical point, a Hopf bifurcation occurs. In this region, one can find values for the control parameter (structural damping coefficient) where the system is unstable and values where the system stability is assured (periodic motion). This local analysis of the system reduced to the center manifold assures the stable / unstable behavior of the original system around a known solution.

On non-ideal and non-linear portal frame dynamics analysis using bogoliubov averaging method

We apply the Bogoliubov Averaging Method to the study of the vibrations of an elastic foundation, forced by a Non-ideal energy source. The considered model consists of a portal plane frame with quadratic nonlinearities, with internal resonance 1:2, supporting a direct current motor with limited power. The non-ideal excitation is in primary resonance in the order of one-half with the second mode frequency. The results of the averaging method, plotted in time evolution curve and phase diagrams are compared to those obtained by numerically integrating of the original differential equations. The presence of the saturation phenomenon is verified by analytical procedures.

Control of the phosphorylation of the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the immature rat hippocampus by glutamate and calcium ions: possible key factor in astrocytic plasticity

The present review describes recent research on the regulation by glutamate and Ca2+ of the phosphorylation state of the intermediate filament protein of the astrocytic cytoskeleton, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in immature hippocampal slices. The results of this research are discussed against a background of modern knowledge of the functional importance of astrocytes in the brain and of the structure and dynamic properties of intermediate filament proteins. Astrocytes are now recognized as partners with neurons in many aspects of brain function with important roles in neural plasticity. Site-specific phosphorylation of intermediate filament proteins, including GFAP, has been shown to regulate the dynamic equilibrium between the polymerized and depolymerized state of the filaments and to play a fundamental role in mitosis. Glutamate was found to increase the phosphorylation state of GFAP in hippocampal slices from rats in the post-natal age range of 12-16 days in a reaction that was dependent on external Ca2+. The lack of external Ca2+ in the absence of glutamate also increased GFAP phosphorylation to the same extent. These effects of glutamate and Ca2+ were absent in adult hippocampal slices, where the phosphorylation of GFAP was completely Ca2+-dependent. Studies using specific agonists of glutamate receptors showed that the glutamate response was mediated by a G protein-linked group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR). Since group II mGluRs do not act by liberating Ca2+ from internal stores, it is proposed that activation of the receptor by glutamate inhibits Ca2+ entry into the astrocytes and consequently down-regulates a Ca2+-dependent dephosphorylation cascade regulating the phosphorylation state of GFAP. The functional significance of these results may be related to the narrow developmental window when the glutamate response is present. In the rat brain this window corresponds to the period of massive synaptogenesis during which astrocytes are known to proliferate. Possibly, glutamate liberated from developing synapses during this period may signal an increase in the phosphorylation