Valor prognóstico da invasão de cartilagem no câncer de laringe

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor prognóstico da invasão de cartilagens (tireóide, cricóide) no câncer de laringe, com relação à sobrevida livre de doença. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de 102 pacientes com câncer de laringe atendidos no período de 1992 a 1994 no Hospital do Câncer - INCA/MS-RJ, que foram divididos em quatro grupos: pacientes com tumores T3N0M0, estádio III (excluídos os pacientes com tumores T3N1M0); T4N0M0 (com invasão tumoral de cartilagem do laringe sem extravasamento); T4N0M0 (com extravasamento neoplásico pelo compartimento laríngeo); e pacientes com linfadenopatia cervical metastática (T3N2-3/T4N1-2-3). Foram realizadas curvas de sobrevida para cada grupo e comparada a diferença de sobrevida entre estes grupos, utilizando o método de Kaplan-Meier. O valor da significância estatística da diferença de sobrevida dos quatro grupos foi avaliado pelo método de Wilcoxon-Gehan. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes que apresentaram apenas invasão tumoral de cartilagem de laringe, sem extravasá-la (T4N0M0), se comportam como os pacientes com tumores T3N0M0, sem diferença estatística com relação à sobrevida (p=0,36). Os que apresentam apenas invasão neoplásica de cartilagens de laringe (T4N0M0) tiveram melhor prognóstico com relação à sobrevida, do que aqueles com extravasamento neoplásico pelo compartimento laríngeo (T4N0M0) (p=0,02). A presença de linfonodos metastáticos foi o fator que apresentou maior impacto adverso no prognóstico com relação à sobrevida (p=0,002). CONCLUSÃO: Os achados deste estudo questionam a validade da atual classificação TNM em estadiar tumores T4N0M0 de laringe. Novos estudos, com uma casuística maior, são necessários para que os resultados obtidos sejam corroborados.

Biomass and mineralmass estimates in a "cerrado" ecosystem

This work aimed to develop allometric equations for tree biomass estimation, and to determine the site biomass in different "cerrado" ecosystems. Destructive sampling in a "campo cerrado" (open savanna) was carried out at the Biological Reserve of Moji-Guaçu, State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. This "campo cerrado" (open savanna) grows under a tropical climate and on acid, low nutrient soils. Sixty wood plants were cut to ground level and measurements of diameter, height and weight of leaves and stems were taken. We selected the best equations among the most commonly used mathematical relations according to R² values, significance, and standard error. Both diameter (D) and height (H) showed good relationship with plant biomass, but the use of these two parameters together (DH and D²H) provided the best predictor variables. The best equations were linear, but power and exponential equations also showed high R² and significance. The applicability of these equations is discussed and biomass estimates are compared with other types of tropical savannas. Mineralmass was also estimated. "Cerrados" proved to have very important carbon reservoirs due to their great extent. In addition, high land-use change that takes place nowadays in the "cerrado" biome may significantly affect the global carbon cycle.

Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters in a segregant population of rice irrigated by continuous flooding

Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters were obtained by using data from families of a recurrent selection program in rice. An experiment using population CNA-IRAT 4ME/1/1 was conducted at two locations (Lambari and Cambuquira) in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. At Lambari, families S0:2 and S0:3 were assessed during crop seasons 1992/1993 and 1993/1994, respectively. In the Cambuquira trial, only S0:3 families were tested in 1993/1994. The experimental design was a 10 x 10 lattice with three replications. The following traits were assessed: grain yield (GY), mean number of days to flowering (FL), plant height (PH), and the incidence of neck blast (NB) caused by Pyricularia grisea and grain staining (GS) caused by Drechslera oryzae. This population proved to be promising for recurrent selection, as it had high average yield and genetic variability. Heritability estimates obtained using variance components were generally greater than estimates of realized heritability, and heritability obtained by parent-offspring regression