84 resultados para Filmes políticos
Resumo:
Avaliou-se a qualidade de mangas Tommy Atkins, embaladas em filmes plásticos e armazenadas sob condição refrigerada. Utilizaram-se frutos da safra 2000 obtidos na Fazenda Paulicéia Empreendimentos Ltda., situada no Pólo Agrícola Mossoró-Assu. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio 2 (Brix 7 º e 75% verde e 25% vermelha) e selecionados de acordo com o tipo 12 (12 frutos/caixa) e tratados com fungicida para evitar podridões. No laboratório, os frutos foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: 1 - frutos não embalados; 2 - frutos embalados individualmente em cloreto de polivinila (PVC); 3 - frutos embalados em sacola de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD); 4 - frutos embalados em sacola de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD)). Os frutos foram armazenados por 42 dias em condição controlada (11 ± 1°C; 85-90% UR). O armazenamento dos frutos sob condição controlada, associada à atmosfera modificada pelos filmes plásticos, reduziu-lhes a perda de matéria fresca e proporcionou-lhes a manutenção dos teores de sólidos solúveis totais, açúcares solúveis totais e acidez total titulável. A atmosfera modificada pelos filmes plásticos manteve mais regular as perdas na firmeza da polpa, possibilitando uma vida útil pós-colheita de 42 dias em ralação à testemunha. Até o final do armazenamento, o uso de PEAD promoveu o desenvolvimento da coloração da casca e da polpa dos frutos, porém o uso de PVC e PEBD reteve a coloração da casca.
Resumo:
O mamão é uma fruta climatérica largamente produzida no Brasil que pode ser submetida à aplicação dos procedimentos de processamento mínimo. Neste trabalho, conduziram-se experimentos nos quais foram avaliadas a ação do tipo de embalagem e a aplicação de produtos químicos na manutenção da qualidade físico-química e sensorial da fruta com o tempo de armazenamento. Observou-se que a melhor condução do processamento foi obtida quando se fazia a embalagem com filme de PVC e aplicação de sorbato de potássio (0,75%, p/v), pois não produziu perda da qualidade sensorial ao mamão processado.
Resumo:
Neste trabalho, foram avaliados os efeitos de ácidos e filmes na prevenção do escurecimento do pericarpo de lichia. Lichias 'Bengal' foram colhidas com o pericarpo completamente vermelho e submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: imersão em ácido cítrico 100 mM, por 5 minutos; imersão em ácido clorídrico (HCl) 1 N, por 2 minutos; imersão em fécula de mandioca 30 g/L, por 5 minutos, e filme de policloreto de vinila (PVC) de 14 µm de espessura, além do controle, não tratado.Os frutos de todos os tratamentos foram acondicionados em bandejas de poliestireno (220 mm x 140 mm x 40 mm), armazenados em câmara fria a 5 ± 1,2°C e 90 ± 5% de UR e avaliados a cada 4 dias, durante 20 dias. A fécula de mandioca e o ácido cítrico não foram eficientes em prevenir ou retardar o escurecimento do pericarpo da lichia. O filme de PVC manteve a coloração vermelha do pericarpo somente até o quarto dia de armazenamento. O HCl foi efetivo em prevenir o escurecimento do pericarpo dos frutos durante todo o período experimental sem prejudicar a qualidade pós-colheita.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Propor um método reprodutível, de fácil utilização e de baixo custo para a digitalização de filmes radiográficos de todos os tamanhos padrões, concentrando nossos esforços em filmes radiográficos de tórax. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O objetivo de baixo custo ditou o uso de um escâner A4 com adaptador de transparência, bem como um software de costura de imagens otimizado, que tira proveito da geometria do escâner e área de captura constante, bem como o conhecimento das dimensões dos filmes radiográficos padrões. RESULTADOS: O resultado final do método proposto é uma imagem de alta resolução com bom contraste e sem artefatos de costura perceptíveis. CONCLUSÃO: O método de digitalização proposto usando um escâner A4 possibilita reprodutibilidade, excelente qualidade de imagem e alto grau de certeza na identificação de lesões.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Verificar a viabilidade de filmes radiocrômicos como um dosímetro alternativo para estimativa da dose média em cortes múltiplos a partir dos perfis de kerma. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os filmes foram distribuídos em cilindros posicionados no centro e nas regiões periféricas de um objeto simulador padrão de abdome utilizado para dosimetria em tomografia computadorizada. RESULTADOS: Os valores de dose média em cortes múltiplos calculados foram 13,6 ± 0,7, 13,5 ± 0,7 e 18,7 ± 1,0 mGy para os valores de passo (pitch) de 0,75, 1,00 e 1,50, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de os resultados mostrarem valores menores que o nível de referência de radiodiagnóstico de 25 mGy estabelecido pela legislação brasileira para exames de abdome, eles sugerem que há espaço para otimização dos procedimentos e uma revisão do valor para o nível de referência de radiodiagnóstico brasileiro.
Resumo:
In this paper some studies concerning the electroreduction of Mo(VI) in sulphuric acid solutions are described. We have shown that at suitable experimental conditions very stable molybdenum oxide films can be electrochemically deposited at glassy carbon electrodes, the reduction of bromate occurring at less negative potentials on the modified surface. Coulometric experiments have shown that bromide is not the only product of the catalytic bromate reduction by the molybdenum film and species like BrO2 may have part in this process. Based on chronoamperometric curves recorded at -0.60 V, analytical curves have been obtained for the reduction of bromate in the 0.1 - 0.8 mM range, a limit of detection of 20 µM for bromate being determined.
Resumo:
The aim of this work is to study the electrochromism and the reaction kinetics of lithium electrointercalation in anodic niobium oxide films. The oxide grown in an acid environment by application of an alternating potential shows interference colour (iridescence) and when reduced in lithium perclorate/PC solution, the intercalation of Li+ ions and electrons causes a reversible colour change (electrochromism), characterized here by electrochemical and optical measurements. A model where the reaction kinetics is dominated by diffusion of ionic pairs (Li+, e-) in the oxide film permitted the reproduction of current and absorbance temporal dependence, confirming the relationship between the electrochromic and electrochemical reactions. From the results obtained, a relation was established where the colour change is associated to the reduction of Nb+5 to Nb+4 ions with simultaneous cations injection.
Resumo:
The sols for thin electrochromic coatings of Nb2O5 were obtained by synthesis of the niobium butoxide from BuONa and NbCl5. The ~300nm thick films were deposited by dip-coating technique from the alkoxide solution and calcined at 560ºC in O2 atmosphere during 3 hours. The particles size of niobium oxide (V) powder (~20mm) was obtained from x-ray diffraction using the Scherrer equation. The coatings were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and cronoamperommetry techniques. The spectral variation of the optical transmittance were determined in situ as a function of the cyclical potencial and memory effect. The insertion process of lithium is reversible and change the film color from transparent (T=80%) to dark blue (T=20%).
Resumo:
Independent of the sample form (powder or film), XRD analysis of Ir0,3Ti(0,7-x)Ce xO2, (nominal) mixtures, for x=0, shows the formation of a solid solution phase between IrO2 and TiO2, as well as the rutile phases of IrO2 and TiO2. The presence of the anatase phase of TiO2 is also confirmed. The introduction of 30 mol% CeO2 in the mixture reveals the presence of the CeO2 and Ce2O3 phases, besides the already mentioned ones, in the powder. In the film form, however, an amorphous phase is identified. When all of the TiO2 is substituded by CeO2, for both sample forms, the only phases found are IrO2, CeO2 and Ce2O3. This result suggests cerium oxides are not capable of forming solid solutions with either IrO2 or (Ir,Ti)O2 acting solely as a dispersant matrix for these phases. These results are consistent with the much higher electrochemically active surface area when CeO2 is introduced in the binary Ti/Ir0,3Ti0,7O2 mixture. It was possible to establish a relationship between the electrochemical stability of the supported films and their crystalline structure. The unexpected presence of TiO2 and Ti2O3 in the Ti/Ir0,3Ce0,7O2 (film sample) is attributed to oxidation of the Ti support during the calcination step.
Resumo:
Chemically modified electrodes based on hexacyanometalate films are presented as a tool in analytical chemistry. Use of amperometric sensors and/or biosensors based on the metal-hexacyanoferrate films is a tendency. This article reviews some applications of these films for analytical determination of both inorganic (e.g. As3+, S2O3(2-)) and organic (e.g. cysteine, hydrazine, ascorbic acid, gluthatione, glucose, etc.) compounds.
Resumo:
The self-assembly technique is a powerful tool to fabricate ultrathin films from organic compounds aiming at technological applications in molecular electronics. This relatively new approach allows molecularly flat films to be obtained on a simple and cheap fashion from various types of material, including polyelectrolytes, conducting polymers, dyes and proteins. The resulting multilayer films may be fabricated according to specific requirements since their structural and physical properties may be controlled at the molecular level. In this review we shall comment upon the evolution of preparation methods for ultrathin films, the process of adsorption and their main properties, as well as some examples of technological applications of layer-by-layer or self-assembled films.
Resumo:
This review focus the more relevant foundations and applications of the Metallo-Organic Decomposition (MOD) technique, mainly within the last decade. The technique has grown significantly, mainly due to the good results concerning the preparation of multicomponent oxide systems with composition, structural and morphologic control, in a relatively simple way. This opened new opportunities to obtain materials with well-defined electrical and optical properties.
Resumo:
A study is presented of the formation and optical properties of polymeric heterostructures from poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(o-methoxyaniline) (POMA) produced via the self-assembly technique. POMA layers were obtained in a non self-limiting process from its emeraldine salt, semiconducting form in HCl solution. Thermal conversion of PPV was performed at low temperatures with the substitution of the counter-ion Cl in the PPV precursor by a long sulfonic chain, the dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) ion. The optical properties of PPV films converted in this way are not affected by POMA, which can be used as transparent electrode of PPV luminescent devices.
Resumo:
Tungsten oxide thin films with three different compositions were deposited by reactive sputtering in an oxygen-argon plasma. In a system composed of a home made photochemical reactor coupled with an optic fiber spectrophotometer, the photochromic effect was studied in these oxide films as function of UV irradiation time, in ethanol, methanol and formaldehyde atmospheres. It was observed that the photochromic efficiency depends on the vapor chemical nature where the film is irradiated as well as the film composition. Kinetic analysis suggest that two kinds of optical absorption centers should respond by the photochromic effect in these films, one generated at film surface and other inside it, which one presenting a different time constant.
Resumo:
The conditions for the preparation of luminescent materials, consisting of Eu3+ ions entrapped in a titanium matrix, in the forma of a thin film, using the sol-gel process, are described. The films were obtained from sols prepared with TEOS and TEOT, in the presence of acetylacetone as the hidrolysis-retarding agent, using the dip-coating and spin-coating techniques. The influence of these techniques on the films based on titanium and silicon are presented. The Eu3+ was used as a luminescent probe. The films have been characterized by luminescence, reflection and transmittance. The thickness of the films could be related to the preparation procedure. Transparent thin films have been prepared by dip-coating technique.