Spectroscopic characterization of schiff base-copper complexes immobilized in smectite clays

Herein, the immobilization of some Schiff base-copper(II) complexes in smectite clays is described as a strategy for the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts. The obtained materials were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, mostly UV/Vis, EPR, XANES and luminescence spectroscopy. SWy-2 and synthetic Laponite clays were used for the immobilization of two different complexes that have previously shown catalytic activity in the dismutation of superoxide radicals, and disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide. The obtained results indicated the occurrence of an intriguing intramolecular redox process involving copper and the imine ligand at the surface of the clays. These studies are supported by computational calculations.

Uso da FTIR na obtenção de resinas e na síntese de peptídeos em fase sólida

Despite the increase in peptide chain aggregation, which decreases the rate of coupling reactions, the synthesis and use of very highly substituted resins still remains as a controversial point in the SPPS, due to its clear economical advantages (lesser solvent consumption and higher amount of peptide per synthesis). In order to better investigate the synthesis and the use of very highly substituted resins, the FTIR, NMR and EPR were compared. By FTIR techniques it was possible to follow all the steps of resin synthesis and the factors affecting the aggregation of the chains inside the peptidil-BHAR and MBHAR.

Estudo espectroscópico de compósito obtido da reação no estado sólido entre um complexo mononuclear de vanádio(IV) e caulinita

The use of probes, such as paramagnetic species diluted in diamagnetic materials in EPR spectroscopy, and mathematical tools such, as the Kubelka-Munk function in DRUV-VIS spectroscopy are strategies in the analysis of complex mixtures of solid materials. The results obtained here show that the solid state reaction between the complex, [VO(acac)(BMIMAPY)] [ClO4], BMIMAPY = [(bis(1-methylimidazole-2-yl)methyl)(2-(pyridyl-2-yl)ethyl) amine] and acac = acetilacetonate, with kaolinite turns possible to obtain anisotropic EPR spectrum of the complex with a reasonable level of resolution. The study by DRUV-VIS using the method of second derivative mode of the Kubelka-Munk function revealed new complex structural arrangements, a solid hitherto unknown.

Caracterização das frações das substâncias húmicas de diferentes tamanhos moleculares

Neste trabalho realizou-se a extração das substâncias húmicas (SH) provenientes da turfa coletada às margens do rio Mogi-Guaçu, segundo metodologia descrita por Rosa et al., 2000. As SH foram fracionadas em um equipamento de ultrafiltração em três faixas de tamanhos moleculares 30 - 100 KDa, <30 KDa e >100 KDa. As frações foram caracterizadas por diferentes técnicas analíticas, infravermelho (IV), análise elementar, espectroscopia na região do ultravioleta/visível (UV/Vis) e ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (EPR). Verificou-se que as frações de menor tamanho molecular (30 - 100 KDa e <30 KDa) possuem um maior número de moléculas com oxigênio ligados, enquanto que a fração de maior tamanho molecular (>100 KDa) apresentou um maior número de moléculas aromáticas. Através dos resultados das análises elementares e de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica, constatou-se que a fração <30 KDa apresentou uma menor porcentagem de carbono, nitrogênio e hidrogênio e uma menor quantidade de radicais livres em relação as demais, indicando que esta fração possui um menor número de anéis aromáticos conjugados. Já nas análises por IV foram observadas bandas características das SH.

Adsorption of hidrogen peroxide on the surface of silica - titania mixed oxide obtained by the sol-gel processing method

This work describes the sol-gel mixed oxide SiO2/TiO2 property, ST, as prepared, and submitted to heat treatment a 773 K, STC. SEM and EDS images show, within magnification used, a uniform distribution of the TiO2 particles in SiO2/TiO2 matrix. Both, ST and STC adsorb hydrogen peroxide on the surface and through EPR and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, it was possible to conclude that the species on the surface is the peroxide molecule attached to the Lewis acid site of titanium particle surface, alphaTi(H2O2)+. As the material is very porous, presumably the hydrogen peroxide molecule is confined in the matrix pores on the surface, a reason why the adsorbed species presents an exceptional long lived stability.

Aspectos da tomografia de coerência óptica em cães com retinopatia

A tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) é um exame não invasivo e de não contato que permite avaliar a retina e o nervo óptico. As imagens da OCT fornecem informações da constituição da retina e sua integridade estrutural in vivo, gerando imagens de alta resolução, que se assemelham à microscopia óptica. Objetivou-se descrever a técnica de tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e sua utilização em cães. Foi possível diferenciar claramente as camadas retinianas de cães hígidos e compará-las com as de cães portadores de atrofia progressiva de retina, que apresentaram perda da estratificação e diminuição significativa das camadas. No descolamento de retina (DR) foi possível observar a separação entre a retina neurossensorial e o epitélio pigmentário da retina (EPR), além da presença de exsudatos intrarretinianos. Assim, a OCT mostrou-se eficaz no diagnóstico de retinopatias.

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of lipid and protein membrane components of erythrocytes oxidized with hydrogen peroxide

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of spin labels was used to monitor membrane dynamic changes in erythrocytes subjected to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The lipid spin label, 5-doxyl stearic acid, responded to dramatic reductions in membrane fluidity, which was correlated with increases in the protein content of the membrane. Membrane rigidity, associated with the binding of hemoglobin (Hb) to the erythrocyte membrane, was also indicated by a spin-labeled maleimide, 5-MSL, covalently bound to the sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins. At 2% hematocrit, these alterations in membrane occurred at very low concentrations of H2O2 (50 µM) after only 5 min of incubation at 37°C in azide phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Lipid peroxidation, suggested by oxidative hemolysis and malondialdehyde formation, started at 300 µM H2O2 (for incubation of 3 h), which is a concentration about six times higher than those detected with the probes. Ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol protected the membrane against lipoperoxidation, but did not prevent the binding of proteins to the erythrocyte membrane. Moreover, the antioxidant (+)-catechin, which also failed to prevent the cross-linking of cytoskeletal proteins with Hb, was very effective in protecting erythrocyte ghosts from lipid peroxidation induced by the Fenton reaction. This study also showed that EPR spectroscopy can be useful to assess the molecular dynamics of red blood cell membranes in both the lipid and protein domains and examine oxidation processes in a system that is so vulnerable to oxidation.