Integralidade e intersetorialidade nas pr��ticas psicol��gicas: um relato de experi��ncia

Este artigo é um relato de experiência do projeto de extensão realizado com familiares de mulheres encarceradas em uma penitenciária feminina. O objetivo era disponibilizar um espaço de acolhimento para as pessoas que realizavam visitas naquela instituição. Percebemos que os familiares experimentavam a falta ou a fragilidade de redes de apoio social. Neste trabalho, apresentamos três histórias de mães que acompanham o encarceramento de suas filhas. Tais histórias apontam a necessidade de articulação com a rede e evidenciam as limitações da formação em Psicologia, usualmente focada no indivíduo descolado de seu contexto social. A discussão proposta corrobora a necessária adoção dos princípios de integralidade e intersetorialidade nas práticas em Psicologia, demandando mudanças em nossa formação.

Estima����o de par��metros gen��ticos e predi����o de valor gen��tico aditivo de trigo utilizando modelos mistos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos e predizer o valor genético de populações e indivíduos oriundos de populações segregantes de trigo, com o uso da metodologia de modelos mistos ("restricted maximum likelihood"/"best linear unbiased prediction", REML/BLUP). Trinta e seis populações segregantes de trigo e quatro controles foram avaliados na geração F3, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com informações de indivíduo retiradas de dentro das parcelas. Os caracteres avaliados foram: produção de grãos, índice de colheita, número de perfilhos e altura de planta. Observou-se a existência de variabilidade genética entre populações em todos os caracteres avaliados. A herdabilidade média variou de 39,15 a 92,78%, e a acurácia, de 62,57 a 96,32%, na seleção de populações. A herdabilidade individual no sentido restrito foi baixa dentro das populações, em todos os caracteres. A acurácia na seleção individual apresentou magnitude média, quanto ao caráter altura de plantas, e baixa quanto aos demais caracteres. A herdabilidade individual contribui para maior ganho nos caracteres altura de planta e índice de colheita com o uso do BLUP individual, em comparação ao BLUP de populações. As populações segregantes Embrapa22/BRS207, Embrapa22/VI98053, Embrapa22/IVI01041, BRS254/BRS207, BRS254/VI98053, BRS254/UFVT1Pioneiro e BRS264/BRS207 destacam-se por apresentar valor genético aditivo elevado em dois ou mais caracteres.

Estudo de compostos org��nicos em lixiviado de aterros sanit��rios por EFS e CG/EM

The main purpose of this work was the qualitative study of organic compounds in landfill leachate. The samples were collected from a sanitary landfill located at Gravata��, a southern Brazilian city, that receive both, industrial and domestic refuse. The samples were submitted to solid phase extraction (SPE) with XAD-4 resin as the stationary phase. The instrumental analysis was performed by Gas Chromatography with a Mass Spectrometry Detector (GC/MSD). The compounds achieved in the SPE extracts were tentatively identified by the GC/MS library. It was found several oxygen and nitrogen compounds like carboxylic acids, ketones, amines and amides. Sulfur compounds and phthalate esters are also identified.

Xerogel p-anisidinapropils��lica: estudo da estabilidade t��rmica e da resist��ncia �� lixivia����o com solventes

The xerogel p-anisidinepropylsilica was obtained. This solid presents some residual paraffin and also a small fraction of high organofunctionalized material that was leached in polar solvent. The xerogel purification could be achieved by exhaustively washing with hexane and dichloromethane solvents, or submitting the xerogel to thermal treatment up to 300 ��C, in vacuum. The resulting purified xerogel material present an appreciable thermal stability and resistance to leaching by solvents.

Pr��-concentra����o de nitrosaminas a partir de amostras aquosas por extra����o em fase s��lida e cromatografia capilar eletrocin��tica micelar

This paper describes the development of a methodology for solid phase extraction (SPE) and pre-concentration of nitrosamines from aqueous samples using granular activated charcoal as stationary phase. micelar electrokinetic capillary Chromatography (MEKC) was used for the separation and identification of the nitrosamines in the extracts. Using a sample with 50 µg l-1 of each nitrosamines standards (dimethylnitrosamine, DMN; diethylnitrosamine, DEN; N-nitrosopyrrolidine, NPYR; N-nitrosopiperidine, NPIP; N-nitrosomorpholine, NMOR), the methodology showed a range of recuperation from 29 to 107% with a linear zone between 10 and 500 µg l-1. The developed methodology can be applicable to the determination of these analytes in different aqueous samples.

Quantitative analysis of phenol and alkylphenols in Brazilian coal tar

The main purpose of this work is the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in coal tar samples from a ceramics factory in Cocal (SC), Brazil. The samples were subjected to preparative scale liquid chromatography, using Amberlyst A-27TM ion-exchange resin as stationary phase. The fractions obtained were classified as "acids" and "BN" (bases and neutrals). The identification and quantification of phenols, in the acid fraction, was made by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Nearly twenty-five phenols were identified in the samples and nine of them were also quantified. The results showed that coal tar has large quantities of phenolic compounds of industrial interest.

Caracteriza����o de amostras petroqu��micas e derivados utilizando cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GCxGC)

The goal of this article is to discuss the application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) to petrochemical samples. The use of GCxGC for petroleum and petroleum derivatives characterization, through group type analysis, or BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes), total aromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing, oxygen-containing, and nitrogen-containing compounds is presented. The capability of GCxGC to provide additional specific chemical information regarding petroleum processing steps, such as dehydrogenation of linear alkanes, the Fischer-Tropsch process, hydrogenation and oligomerization is also described. In addition, GCxGC analyses of petrochemical biomarkers and environmental pollutants derived from petrochemicals are reported.

Nomenclatura na l��ngua portuguesa em cromatografia multidimensional abrangente

Comprehensive Multidimensional Chromatography is a relatively new analytic technique, which is receiving growing attention in many parts of the world, including recently in Brazil. This work presents terms in Portuguese which are commonly used in Comprehensive Multidimensional Chromatography in order to help standardize the vocabulary employed in this area in the scientific literature. It also includes some symbols, their nominations, and explanation of some terms, whenever necessary. This proposal does not intend to be comprehensive or definitive; on the contrary, it intends to be a first step in the process of establishing a standardized nomenclature, serving as a base for a further sound discussion in the scientific community realm.

Desenvolvimento de m��todos anal��ticos para determina����o de agrot��xicos em sedimentos por cromatografia gasosa monodimensional e bidimensional abrangente com micro detector de captura de el��trons

The development of analytical methods for determination of eight pesticides of different chemical classes (trichlorfon, propanil, fipronil, propiconazole, trifloxystrobin, permethrin, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) in sediments with gas chromatography-micro-electron capture detector (GC/��ECD) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with micro-electron capture detector (GCxGC/��ECD) is described. These methods were applied to real sediment samples, and the best results were obtained using a 5% diphenyl-methylpolysiloxane column for 1D-GC. For GCxGC the same column was employed in the first dimension and a 50%-phenyl-methylpolysiloxane stationary phase was placed in the second dimension. Due to the superior peak capacity and selectivity of GCxGC, interfering matrix peaks were separated from analytes, showing a better performance of GCxGC.

Aplica����o da cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente com microdetector de captura de el��trons para determina����o de agrot��xicos em sedimentos

Analysis of seven pesticides in sediments was successfully achieved using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with micro-electron capture detection, as it provided higher sensitivity and less matrix interference. Repeatability and intermediate precision of peak areas and heights were less than 4% and the recovery percentage for the analytes ranged from 52 to 115%. Instrumental LOD and LOQ were in the range of 0.60 to 2.31 μg L-1 and 1.83 to 5.62 μg L-1, respectively. Concentrations of 3.34 μg kg-1 (dry basis) for trifloxystrobin and azoxystrobin (below the LOQ) were found in a sediment sample.

Uso da cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GC��GC) na caracteriza����o de misturas biodiesel/diesel: aplica����o ao biodiesel de sebo bovino

The growth of biodiesel market and the implementation of regulations related to biodiesel production and biodiesel/diesel blending has encouraged the development of appropriate analytical methods to control the composition of this type of mixture. In this study, an evaluation of the potential of GC��GC for the characterization of samples of beef tallow biodiesel and the composition of blends of biodiesel/diesel is presented. The methodology was applied to beef tallow biodiesel and its mixtures with petrodiesel, ranging from B2 to B50. Results allowed not only the identification and quantification of the biodiesel esters, but also the biodiesel percentage in biodiesel/diesel blends.

��cidos naft��nicos no petr��leo

Brazilian petroleum is known by its high acidity due to the presence of acidic constituents, especially naphthenic acids (NA). The total characterization of the NA in petrochemical samples has been receiving special attention in research and comprises an analytical challenge, mainly due to the complexity of their mixtures. Gas chromatography with mass detector (GC/MS) is the technique of analysis more used, but recently comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC �� GC) has been used, due to its high resolution, peak capacity and sensitivity. The goal of this article is to discuss the techniques for sample preparation and analysis of NA in petroleum.

Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Rio de Janeiro

The study was conducted to characterize pheno-genotypically the virulence factors and resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk samples of cows with subclinical mastitis. All hemolytic isolates presented beta-hemolysin, and 38% of the non-hemolytic isolates were able to express hemolysins in the presence of a beta-hemolytic strain. The amplification of the coa-gene displayed four different size polymorphisms with about 400 bp, 600 bp, 700 bp and 900 bp. The spaA gene that encodes the IgG-binding region of protein A revealed sizes of 700 bp and 900 bp. The amplification of region X from spaA yielded a single amplicon for each isolate with the prevalent amplicon size being of 180 bp. Amplification of sae gene yielded an amplicon size of 920 bp in 71% of the isolates. Antibiotic resistance pattern revealed that 42% S. aureus were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Seven different antibiotic patterns were observed. Our results indicated that 47% and 25% of S. aureus strains exhibited resistance to penicillin and oxacillin respectively. All oxacillin-resistant isolates were mecA-positive.

An��lise fenot��pica e genot��pica da virul��ncia de Staphylococcus spp. e de sua dispers��o clonal como contribui����o ao estudo da mastite bovina

A mastite �� uma inflama����o da gl��ndula mam��ria causada principalmente por bact��rias, dentre as quais o g��nero Staphylococcus ocupa um papel importante. Bact��rias pertencentes a este g��nero s��o caracterizadas por expressar fatores de virul��ncia que permitem sua persist��ncia e dissemina����o no hospedeiro. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar fenogenotipicamente os fatores de virul��ncia de isolados de Staphylococcus spp. a partir de casos de mastite bovina. Foram analisadas 272 amostras de leite provenientes de oito propriedades da regi��o Sul-Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Ap��s identifica����o, obteve-se um total de 250 isolados de Staphylococcus spp. Estes foram submetidos ��s provas fenot��picas de detec����o da produ����o de "slime" em microplaca e em ��gar vermelho congo; produ����o de hemolisinas e sinergismo hemol��tico; produ����o de caseinase e DNase. Posteriormente foram submetidos �� t��cnica de PCR para detec����o dos genes de produ����o de c��psula (cap5 e cap8), fibronectina (fnbA,e fnbB), "slime" (icaA e icaD) e hemolisinas (hla e hlb). Do total avaliado, 58% (145/250) foi identificado como Staphylococcus spp. coagulase-negativos e 42% (105/250) como Staphylococcus spp. coagulase-positivos, destes 36,2% (38/105) foram identificados como S. aureus, 11,4% (12/105) como S. intermedius e 3,8% (4/105) como pertencentes ao grupo SIG. Apenas 6,4% (16/250) dos isolados foram produtores de α-hem��lise, 4,8% (12/250) de β-hem��lise e, 1,6% (4/250) de α e β-hem��lise. A produ����o de caseinase foi observada em 66,4% (166/250), e a produ����o de "slime" avaliada pela t��cnica da microplaca em 76,8% (192/250) dos isolados, respectivamente. A DNase foi detectada em ECNs (38/145) e S. aureus (14/38). Os marcadores gen��ticos avaliados para a produ����o de slime, icaA e icaD apresentaram nenhuma ou leve concord��ncia com a produ����o fenot��pica, respectivamente, utilizando o coeficiente Kappa. Tal dado parece indicar que outros marcadores gen��ticos podem estar envolvidos com a express��o desta caracter��stica. Os demais genes detectados com frequ��ncia de 4% (10/250) para cap5 e para cap8, 32,8% (82/250) para fnbA, 4,4% (11/250) para fnbB, 19,2% (48/250) para hla e 18% (45/250) para hlb. O perfil circulante nas propriedades foi o 1: isolado produtor de "slime" e caseinase. O gene spaA foi positivo em todos os S. aureus, apresentando amplicons de tamanhos variados, sendo o tamanho prevalente o de 300pb. A amplifica����o do gene coa apresentou nove tipos polim��rficos distintos, sendo prevalente o amplicon de 600pb. O gene agr foi detectado em todos os S. aureus, com amplicon de 200pb. Foi observado que os genes de virul��ncia estudados estavam distribu��dos de modo aleat��rio entreos 6 distintos perfis eletrofor��ticos obtidos atrav��s da Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado (PFGE).

Effects of ester fractions from leaf epicuticular waxes of Bauhinia rufa (Steud.) Bong. and Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville from cerrado on the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch.)

(Effects of ester fractions from leaf epicuticular waxes of Bauhinia rufa (Steud.) Bong. and Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville from the cerrado on the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch.)). Ester fractions were isolated from the leaf epicuticular waxes of Bauhinia rufa (Steud.) Bong. and Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville collected in the Cerrado de Emas (Pirassununga, SP, Brazil). The bioassays of toxicity and reproductive index were carried out with esters from these species and the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch.). It was observed that the ester fractions from Bauhinia rufa and Stryphnodendron adstringens had a negative effect on the survival of Rhopalosiphum maidis. The ester fraction from Stryphnodendron adstringens also had a negative effect on the reproductive index of the aphid. These parameters decreased with the increase of ester concentration of artificial diets.