Nutrição mineral das plantas ornamentais: III. absorção de nutrientes pela rainha Margarida (Callestephus chinensis)

No sentido de aquilatar a extração dos macro e micronutrientes, com exceção do Cl e Mo, aliada ao crescimento da planta, amostragens de rainha margarida (Callestephus chinensis) foram executadas aos 0, 18, 34, 46, 59 e 77 dias após o transplante. As plantas foram divididas em raiz, caule, folhas, botões florais, flores analisadas para N, R, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Observou-se que o crescimento da rainha margarida é contínuo, acentuando-se após os 59 dias de transplante. O teor porcentual dos nutrientes aos 34-46 dias, na matéria seca, oscilou em torno de 4,09% - 4,40% para N; 0,44% - 0,46% para P; 1,65% - 3,19% para K; 1,01% - 1,10% para Ca; 0,34% - 0,45% para Mg; 0,42% - 0,43% para S. Para os micronutrientes os valores encontrados, na mesma época, foram em ppm: B - 23-36; Cu - 18-20; Fe - 105-150; Mn - 115-135; Zn - 64-111. Uma planta de rainha-margarida aos 77 dias contem: 2.049,9 mg de N; 212,5 mg de P; 2.496,6 mg de K; 915,7 mg de Ca; 356,6 mg de Mg; 159,1 mg de S; 2.140 ug de B; 3.070 ug de Cu; 17.142 ug de Fe; 6.946 ug de Mn; 3.931 ug de Zn.

Faecal examination and PCR to detect Strongyloides venezuelensis in experimentally infected Lewis rats

More sensitive methodologies are necessary to improve strongyloidiasis diagnosis. This study compared the sensitivities of the McMaster modified technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, both performed in faecal samples. Lewis rats were subcutaneously infected with 4,000, 400 or 40 infective third-stage larvae, considered as high, moderate or low infection, respectively. Seven days later, they were euthanized to count adult nematodes recovered from the small intestine. Stool samples were used to count the number of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and to detect parasite DNA by PCR performed with a species and a genus primer pair. The sensitivity of these assays depended upon parasite burden and the primer specificity. All assays presented 100% sensitivity at the highest parasite load. In the moderate infection, EPG and PCR with the genus primer maintained 100% specificity, whereas PCR sensitivity with the species primer decreased to 77.7%. In low infection, the sensitivity was 60% for EPG, 0% for PCR with the species primer and 90% for PCR done with the genus primer. Together, these results suggest that PCR with a genus primer can be a very sensitive methodology to detect Strongyloides venezuelensisin faeces of Lewis rats infected with very low parasite burden.

New insights into trypanosomatid U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins

Several protozoan parasites exist in the Trypanosomatidae family, including various agents of human diseases. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that important differences are present between the translational and mRNA processing (trans splicing) systems of trypanosomatids and other eukaryotes. In this context, certain small complexes of RNA and protein, which are named small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs), have an essential role in pre-mRNA processing, mainly during splicing. Even though they are well defined in mammals, snRNPs are still not well characterized in trypanosomatids. This study shows that a U5-15K protein is highly conserved among various trypanosomatid species. Tandem affinity pull-down assays revealed that this protein interacts with a novel U5-102K protein, which suggests the presence of a sub-complex that is potentially involved in the assembly of U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNPs. Functional analyses showed that U5-15K is essential for cell viability and is somehow involved with the trans and cis splicing machinery. Similar tandem affinity experiments with a trypanonosomatid U5-Cwc21 protein led to the purification of four U5 snRNP specific proteins and a Sm core, suggesting U5-Cwc-21 participation in the 35S U5 snRNP particle. Of these proteins, U5-200K was molecularly characterized. U5-200K has conserved domains, such as the DEAD/DEAH box helicase and Sec63 domains and displays a strong interaction with U5 snRNA.

Infections with human coronaviruses NL63 and OC43 among hospitalised and outpatient individuals in São Paulo, Brazil

The incidence and clinical features of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) among Brazilian patients with respiratory illness are not well known. We investigated the prevalence of HCoVs among Brazilian outpatients and hospitalised patients with respiratory illnesses during 2009 and 2010. To identify the HCoVs, pancoronavirus and species-specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays were performed. Five of 394 samples were positive for HCoVs (1.2%): 1/182 (0.5%) outpatients and 4/212 (1.8%) hospitalised patients. The OC43 and NL63 HCoVs were identified. Two patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Underlying chronic disease was reported in cases and one diabetic adult died. HCoVs can cause lower respiratory infections and hospitalisation. Patients with pre-existing conditions and respiratory infections should be evaluated for HCoV infections.

A survey strategy for human respiratory syncytial virus detection among haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: epidemiological and methodological analysis

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) causes severe infections among children and immunocompromised patients. We compared HRSV infections among Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant program (HSCT) patients and children using direct immunofluorescence (DFA), point-of-care RSV Bio Easy® and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Overall, 102 samples from HSCT patients and 128 from children obtained positivity rate of 18.6% and 14.1% respectively. PCR sensitivity was highest mainly on samples collected after five days of symptoms onset. A combination of both DFA and reverse transcriptase-PCR methods for HSCT high-risk patients is the best diagnostic flow for HRSV diagnosis among these patients.

Optimisation of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based strategy for the detection and quantification of human herpesvirus 6 DNA in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may cause severe complications after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Monitoring this virus and providing precise, rapid and early diagnosis of related clinical diseases, constitute essential measures to improve outcomes. A prospective survey on the incidence and clinical features of HHV-6 infections after HSCT has not yet been conducted in Brazilian patients and the impact of this infection on HSCT outcome remains unclear. A rapid test based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been optimised to screen and quantify clinical samples for HHV-6. The detection step was based on reaction with TaqMan® hydrolysis probes. A set of previously described primers and probes have been tested to evaluate efficiency, sensitivity and reproducibility. The target efficiency range was 91.4% with linearity ranging from 10-106 copies/reaction and a limit of detection of five copies/reaction or 250 copies/mL of plasma. The qPCR assay developed in the present study was simple, rapid and sensitive, allowing the detection of a wide range of HHV-6 loads. In conclusion, this test may be useful as a practical tool to help elucidate the clinical relevance of HHV-6 infection and reactivation in different scenarios and to determine the need for surveillance.

Understanding the hierarchy governance choice of some wineries in Brazil - case study of 3 Brazilian wineries

ABSTRACT This study aims to contribute towards understanding the multiple factors, which influence firm's governance decisions. To identify some of these factors, three cases in the Brazilian wine industry were analyzed: Miolo located in Vale dos Vinhedos (South of Brazil) and in Vale do Rio São Francisco (Northeast of Brazil); Don Laurindo located in Vale dos Vinhedos; and ViniBrasil located in Vale do Rio São Francisco. For the most part, all three firms procure the grapes they use for their wine production in-house. Only Miolo purchases an insignificant amount of grapes outside of its production. By Brazilian standards, these regions have a long tradition of grape production and it is not difficult to purchase sufficient quantity of grapes to produce wine. However, the wineries are concerned also about the quality of the grapes they use and purchasing high-quality grapes might be critical issue. On the other hand, the quality of grapes is easily measured and the cost to buy in the market is cheaper than producing in-house. Furthermore, also the level of asset specificity present in the grape-grower-wine-producer transaction seems, by itself, insufficient to justify the use of hierarchical governance forms. Then, the aim of the article is to analyze the reasons why these wineries largely rely on hierarchy governance forms to procure their grape-inputs. What explains their use of hierarchy governance, given that both asset specificity and measurement problems appear to be relatively low?

Gestos e posturas do enfermeiro durante a orientação a familiares de paciente s internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI)

Trata-se de um estudo como caracterização dos gestos e posturas utilizados pelo enfermeiro durante a orientação sistematizada de familiares dos pacientes internados em UTI. Os dados foram coletados através de filmagem das interações entre a enfermeira e o familiar. Na análise foram identificadas as diversas categorias dos gestos propostos por Ekman e Friesen. Entre os resultados destacou-se com maior frequência a presença dos gestos ilustrativos, o que foi positivo, pois eles contribuiram para enfatizar a fala da enfermeira e facilitar a compreensão do familiar.

Adaptação de instrumento para dimensionar horas diárias de assistência de enfermagem residencial

O Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System Intermediate: TISS-Intermediário foi traduzido para a língua portuguesa e adaptado para estabelecer horas diárias de assistência domiciliar. O processo de modificação do instrumento, desenvolvido através da Técnica Delphi, teve como participantes 16 enfermeiros, que atuam em empresas de assistência domiciliar e determinam horas diárias de assistência de enfermagem para pacientes na residência, após a hospitalização. Ao término do estudo obteve-se um instrumento com 104 itens, para ser no futuro validado clinicamente. Tal instrumento ajudará enfermeiros a estender cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes em casa, após a alta hospitalar, especialmente na tomada de decisões relativas à avaliação dos pacientes.

A saúde de idosos que cuidam de idosos

O cuidado domiciliar aos idosos tem no cuidador familiar, geralmente o cônjuge, um grande aliado. Porém, verifica-se que estes freqüentemente têm queixas de saúde. Conhecer o significado de saúde para idosos cuidadores de seus cônjuges, quais as mudanças ocorridas após assumir este papel e como cuidam da própria saúde é o objetivo desse estudo qualitativo exploratório. Foram entrevistados idosos cuidadores de seus cônjuges. Os discursos foram analisados de acordo com a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e apresentaram os seguintes resultados: Concepções de saúde: estar disposto, não ter sintomas, não precisar de médico, não depender de alguém ou demandar cuidado. Os cuidados com a própria saúde foram: controle alimentar, res-peito às rotinas e hábitos pessoais, desenvolvimento das atividades cotidianas, atividades físicas e acompanhamento médico. Mudanças percebidas após terem se tornado cuidadores: cansaço, stress, preocupação, aparecimento de sintomas e doenças, aumento dos riscos à saúde e mudanças no cotidiano e auto-estima.

Proposta de modelo para dimensionamento do pessoal de enfermagem em assistência domiciliária

A assistência domiciliária (AD) suscita questionamentos sobre a necessidade do número de horas diárias e dos dias de assistência de enfermagem por parte dos compradores da prestação de serviços à saúde em domicílio. Identificar os critérios adotados por gerentes e enfermeiras para o dimensionamento do pessoal de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e analisados segundo o método de análise de conteúdo. Identificaram-se três categorias: elegibilidade do paciente; tempo despendido na assistência e perfil de competência do profissional. As etapas consideradas foram: identificação da carga média diária de trabalho; determinação da proporção das categorias profissionais; jornada de trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem e identificação do índice de segurança técnica para cobertura de ausências previstas e de não previstas. Com base nessas variáveis, propusemos um modelo para calcular o quadro de profissionais de enfermagem em AD, agilizando o processo de tomada de decisão.

A sepse como causa de lesão renal aguda: modelo experimental

A sepse associada à falência de múltiplos órgãos como a lesão renal aguda (LRA) demonstra alta taxa de mortalidade no paciente crítico. Este estudo investigou a LRA induzida pela sepse em modelo experimental. Foram utilizados ratos da raça Wistar, adultos e machos divididos nos seguintes grupos: Controle - controle cirúrgico e Sepse - indução da sepse pela ligadura e punção do cécon (LPC). Foram avaliados os parâmetros fisiológicos (temperatura retal, pressão arterial média - PAM, glicemia sérica e fluxo urinário); a função renal (clearance de creatinina); o estresse oxidativo (peróxidos urinários e substâncias reativas com ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS) e realizada a análise histológica renal. O estudo conclui que a LRA induzida pela sepse caracteriza-se por lesão endotelial com disfunção hemodinâmica, liberação de mediadores inflamatórios e geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) por células tubulares, caracterizando-se como uma associação de vasoconstrição renal de origem hemodinâmica e inflamatória.

Instrumental and ethical aspects of experimental research with animal models

Experimental animal models offer possibilities of physiology knowledge, pathogenesis of disease and action of drugs that are directly related to quality nursing care. This integrative review describes the current state of the instrumental and ethical aspects of experimental research with animal models, including the main recommendations of ethics committees that focus on animal welfare and raises questions about the impact of their findings in nursing care. Data show that, in Brazil, the progress in ethics for the use of animals for scientific purposes was consolidated with Law No. 11.794/2008 establishing ethical procedures, attending health, genetic and experimental parameters. The application of ethics in handling of animals for scientific and educational purposes and obtaining consistent and quality data brings unquestionable contributions to the nurse, as they offer subsidies to relate pathophysiological mechanisms and the clinical aspect on the patient.

Nephrotoxicity Of Polymyxin B: Experimental Study In Cells And Implications For Nursing Practice

The aim of the study was to characterize the cell damage mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of cytotoxicity of polymyxin B in proximal tubular cells (LLC - PK1) and discuss about the nurses interventions to identify at risk patients and consider prevention or treatment of nephrotoxicity acute kidney injury. This is a quantitative experimental in vitro study, in which the cells were exposed to 375μM polymyxin B sulfate concentration. Cell viability was determined by exclusion of fluorescent dyes and morphological method with visualization of apoptotic bodies for fluorescence microscopy. Cells exposed to polymyxin B showed reduced viability, increased number of apoptotic cells and a higher concentration of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The administration of polymyxin B in vitro showed the need for actions to minimize adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity.