Influência do índice de massa corporal na incontinência urinária feminina

OBJETIVOS: avaliar e comparar os efeitos do índice de massa corporal (IMC) sobre severidade da incontinência urinária (IU) feminina por meio do questionário de qualidade de vida King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), variáveis do estudo urodinâmico e dados da anamnese. MÉTODOS: estudo clínico transversal. Foram selecionados 65 pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) que foram divididas em três grupos: Grupo I (IMC entre 18 e 25 kg/m²); Grupo II (IMC entre 25 e 30 kg/m²) e Grupo III (IMC>30 kg/m²). Os domínios do KHQ foram comparados entre esses grupos. Além disso, alguns dados da anamnese e do estudo urodinâmico (presença de noctúria, enurese, urgência e urge-incontinência) foram também relacionados ao IMC calculando-se o OR (Odds Ratio). O IMC, na presença e na ausência de contrações não inibidas do detrusor, bem como no VLPP (valsalva leak point pressure) <60 ou >60 cmH2O foi avaliado. Por fim, foram realizados testes de correlação do IMC com os nove domínios do KHQ a fim de se evidenciar alguma associação. RESULTADOS: o KHQ foi incapaz de registrar, em qualquer um de seus domínios, deterioração da qualidade de vida das mulheres com IU na medida em que ocorreu elevação do IMC. Encontramos OR para a presença de enurese em relação ao IMC de 1,003 [IC: 0,897-1,121], valor p=0,962. Para a noctúria, o OR foi de 1,049 (IC: 0,933-1,18), valor p=0,425. O valor de OR=0,975 (IC: 0,826-1,151), valor p=0,762 foi encontrado para a urgência. No que se refere à urge-incontinência, encontrou-se OR=0,978 (IC: 0,85-1,126), valor p=0,76. Estudou-se o IMC nos grupos com e sem contrações não-inibidas do músculo detrusor e foram encontradas, respectivamente, medianas de 26,4±4,8 e 28,3±5,7 kg/m² (p=0,6). De forma semelhante, as medianas do IMC nos grupos com VLPP<60 e>60 cmH2O foram, respectivamente, de 29,6±4,1 e 27,7±5,7 kg/m² (p=0,2). Finalmente, não tivemos êxito em demonstrar associação do IMC com qualquer um dos nove domínios do KHQ por meio da correlação de Spearman. CONCLUSÃO: não houve associação dos escores do KHQ com o IMC. Também não houve correlação entre os parâmetros clínicos da anamnese e do estudo urodinâmico com o IMC.

Thoracic and heart biometrics of non-anesthetized agouti (Dasyprocta primnolopha Wagler, 1831) measured on radiographic images

The agouti is a species intensively hunted throughout the Amazon and the semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. Considering the current trend in conservation management of wild species, the aim of this study was to determine the morphometric reference to the heart of agouti raised in captivity, based on thoracic and cardiac measurements in these animals. Thirty adult agoutis, 1 to 3 years of age, without clinical signs of cardiac disease were selected. The animals were physically restrained and radiographies in laterolateral (LL) and ventrodorsal (VD) recumbence were produced. The following measures were taken: the apicobasilar length of the heart (at the most cranial height of the Carina region to the heart apex) (AB), maximum width of the heart perpendicular to AB (CD), heart inclination angle (AIC), trachea inclination angle (AIT), distance from the right heart wall (DPTd), distance from the left heart wall (DPTe) and vertical depth of the thorax, and the ventral face of the vertebral column to the dorsal border of the sternum at the level of the trachea bifurcation (H). The ratios between AB/CD, AB/H and CD/H were also analyzed. To calculate the vertebral heart scale (VHS), the AB and CD measurements were laid over the thoracic vertebra starting at T4. Radiographic evaluation showed values consistent with those reported in small animals and some wild and exotic species. The main biometric values in the chest cavity and heart of agouti are arranged as follows: (1) The ratios between AB/H ratio and CD/H were not sensitive for identifying heart increases (p>0.05), while the ratio AB/CD was more sensitive in this identification (p<0.05); (2) AIC: 21.2±6.4º (mean between male and famale); (3) AIT for males and females: 9.93±3.23° and 8.4±3.94°; (4) DPTd and DPTe for males: 0.97±0.40cm and 0.7±0.30cm; (5) DPTd and DPTe for females: 1.12±0.42cm and 01.02±0.43cm; (6) VHS for males and females: 7.75±0.48v e 7.61±0.34v; (7) The caudal vena cava (CVC) was visualized dorsal-cranially and located right of the midline. The data obtained allowed the acquisition of the first reference values for biometry of the heart of agoutis, contributing to better understanding of cardiac morphology and identification of cardiomyopathy in these animals.

Validation of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) in a sample of Brazilian children

The purpose of the present study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C), an instrument developed in the United States and applied to a sample of Brazilian schoolchildren. The process included the translation of the original material from English into Portuguese by two bilingual psychiatrists and a back translation by a bilingual physician. Both the front and back translations were revised by a bilingual child psychiatrist. The study was performed using a cross-sectional design and the Portuguese version of the SPAI-C was applied to a sample of 1954 children enrolled in 3rd to 8th grade attending 2 private and 11 public schools. Eighty-one subjects were excluded due to an incomplete questionnaire and 2 children refused to participate. The final sample consisted of 1871 children, 938 girls (50.1%) and 933 boys (49.8%), ranging in age from 9 to 14 years. The majority of the students were Caucasian (89.0%) and the remainder were African-Brazilian (11.0%). The Pearson product-moment correlation showed that the two-week test-retest reliability coefficient was r = 0.780 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.946. The factor structure was almost similar to that reported in previous studies. The results regarding the internal consistency, the test-retest reliability and the factor structure were similar to the findings obtained in studies performed on English speaking children. The present study showed that the Portuguese language version of SPAI-C is a reliable and valid measure of social anxiety for Brazilian children.

Association of rs12255372 in theTCF7L2 gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

Our objective was to evaluate the association of rs12255372 in theTCF7L2 gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the world population. We carried out a survey of the literature about the effect of rs12255372 on genetic susceptibility to T2DM by consulting PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase from 2006 to 2012, and then performed a meta-analysis of all the studies in order to evaluate the association between rs12255372 and T2DM. A total of 33 articles including 42 studies (with 34,076 cases and 36,192 controls) were confirmed to be eligible and were included in the final meta-analysis: 6 studies conducted on Europeans, 14 on Caucasians, 17 on Asians, 2 on Africans, and 3 on Americans. Overall, the effect size was as follows: for the variant allele T (OR = 1.387, 95%CI = 1.351-1.424), for the TT genotype (OR = 1.933, 95%CI = 1.815-2.057), for the GT genotype (OR = 1.363, 95%CI = 1.315-1.413), for the dominant model (OR = 1.425, 95%CI = 1.344-1.510), and for the recessive model (OR = 1.659, 95%CI = 1.563-1.761). In summary, by pooling all available qualified data from genetic studies on rs12255372 and T2DM, we have confirmed that rs12255372 is significantly associated with susceptibility to T2DM in the global population.

Composição mineral do leite materno de bancos de leite

O leite humano é a primeira fonte de nutrientes que uma criança necessita para seu crescimento nos primeiros meses de vida. Os teores de muitos elementos minerais podem variar devido a alguns fatores, como a genética, a nutrição materna, o período de lactação e também entre os grupos étnicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de validar o uso do método de digestão por via seca (cinzas) e a técnica de espectrometria de emissão (ICP OES) para a quantificação dos elementos minerais Ca, P, Na, k, Mg, Zn, Fe e Mn presentes em 151 amostras de leite materno procedentes de doadoras de bancos de leite humano de Marília, SP. Os valores obtidos para os elementos minerais (mg L-1) nas amostras de leite variaram entre: Ca=145 a 478; P=87 a 293; Fe=0,03 a 1,13; k=271 a 1159; Mg=14,8 a 60,0; Na=54 a 933 e Zn=0,38 a 5,82. Para o Mn, os resultados obtidos foram inferiores ao limite de quantificação do método (0,02 mg L-1). Os valores obtidos para precisão e exatidão do método (%) foram, respectivamente: Ca=1 e 96; P=1 e 98; Fe=4 e 83; k=1 e 99; Mg=1 e 97; Na=1 e 98; Zn=8 e 96; Mn=8 e 82. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi verificado que o método apresentou precisão e exatidão satisfatórias para todos os elementos estudados.