Contribution to the study of Himatanthus sucuuba: latex macromolecule, microelements and carbohydrates

The polymeric material in the latex of Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson was identified by spectroscopic methods as cis-polyisoprene (Mn = 192; Mw = 571; Mw/ Mn = 2.97). ICP-MS analysis of microelements in the aqueous phase showed the most abundant to be Ca (354 μg/g) and Mg (250 μg/g). Carbohydrate analysis of the aqueous phase by HPLC-PAD showed arabinose, glucose, xylose, rhamnose and galactose to be the predominant saccharides.

Predictors of Conversion from Radial Into Femoral Access in Cardiac Catheterization

Background: Fewer bleeding complications and early ambulation make radial access a privileged route for cardiac catheterization. However, transradial (TR) approach is not always successful, requiring its conversion into femoral access. Objectives: To evaluate the rate of conversion from radial into femoral access in cardiac catheterization and to identify its predictors. Methods: Prospective dual-center registry, including 7632 consecutive patients undergoing catheterization via the radial access between Jan/2009 and Oct/2012. We evaluated the incidence of conversion into femoral access and its predictors by logistic regression analysis. Results: The patients’ mean age was 66 ± 11 years, and 32% were women. A total of 2969 procedures (38.4%) were percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and the most used first intention arterial access was the right radial artery (97.6%). Radial access failure rate was 5.8%. Independent predictors of conversion from radial into femoral access were the use of short introducer sheaths (OR 3.047, CI: 2.380-3.902; p < 0.001), PCI (OR 1.729, CI: 1.375-2.173; p < 0.001), female sex (OR 1.569, CI: 1.234-1.996; p < 0.001), multivessel disease (OR 1.457, CI: 1.167-1.819; p = 0.001), body surface area (BSA) ≤ 1.938 (OR 1.448, CI: 1.120-1.871; p = 0.005) and age > 66 years (OR 1.354, CI: 1.088-1.684; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Transradial approach for cardiac catheterization has a high success rate and the need for its conversion into femoral access in this cohort was low. Female sex, older age, smaller BSA, the use of short introducer sheaths, multivessel disease and PCI were independent predictors of conversion into femoral access.

Competição entre megaspórios em milho

The experiments reported were started as early as 1933, when indications were found in class material that the factor for small pollen, spl, causes not only differences in the size of pollen grains and in the growth of pollen tubes, but also a competition between megaspores, as first observed by RENNER (1921) in Oenothera. Dr. P. C. MANGELSDORF, who had kindly furnished the original seeds, was informed and the final publication delayed untill his publication in 1940. A further delay was caused by other circunstances. The main reason for the differences of the results obtained by SINGLETON and MANGELSDORF (1940) and those reported here, seems to be the way the material was analysed. I applied methods of a detailed statistical analysis, while MANGELSDORF and SINGLETON analysed pooled data. 1) The data obtained on pollen tube competition indicate .that there is about 3-4% of crossing-over between the su and sp factors in chromosome IV. The elimination is not always complete, but from 0 to 10% of the sp pollen tubes may function, instead of the 50% expected without elimination. These results are, as a whole, in accordance with SINGLETON and MANGELSDORF's data. 2) Female elimination is weaker and transmission determined as between 16 to 49,5%, instead of 50% without competition, the values being calculated by a special formula. 3) The variability of female elimination is partially genotypical, partially phenotypical. The former was shown by the difference in the behavior of the two progenies tested, while the latter was very evident when comparing the upper and lower halves of ears. For some unknown physiological reason, the elimination is generally stronger in the upper than in the lower half of the ear. 4) The female elimination of the sp gene may be caused theoretically, by either of two processes: a simple lethal effect in the female gametophyte or a competition between megaspores. The former would lead not only to the abortion of the individual megaspores, but of the whole uniovulate ovary. In the case of the latter, the abortive megaspore carrying the gene sp will be substituted in each ovule by one of the Sp megaspores and no abortion of ovaries may be observed. My observations are completely in favor of the second explication: a) The ears were as a whole very well filled except for a few incomplete ears which always appear in artificial pollinations. b) Row arrangement was always very regular. c) The number of kernels on ears with elimination is not smaller than in normal ears, but is incidentally higher : with elimnation, in back-crosses 354 kernels and in selfed ears 390 kernels, without elimination 310 kernels per ear. d) There is no correlation between the intensity of elimination and the number of grains in individual ears; the coefficient; of linear correlation, equal to 0,24, is small and insignificant. e) Our results are in complete disagreement whit those reported by SINGLETON and MANGELSDORF (1940). Since these authors present only pooled date, a complete and detailed analysis which may explain the cause of these divergences is impossible.

Species richness and community structure of arboreal spider assemblages in fragments of three vegetational types at Banhado Grande wet plain, Gravataí River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

The taxonomic composition, observed and estimated species richness, and patterns of community structure of arboreal spider assemblages in eleven sites surrounding the "Banhado Grande" wet plain in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are presented. These sites represent three different vegetational types: hillside (four sites), riparian (five sites) and flooded forests (two sites). The spiders were captured by beating on foliage and "aerial litter". A sample was defined as the result of beating on twenty bushes, tree branches or "aerial litter" clusters, which roughly corresponds to one-hour search effort per sample. Fifty five samples (five per site) were obtained, resulting in an observed richness of 212 species present as adult or identifiable juveniles. The total richness for all samples was estimated to be between 250 (Bootstrap) to 354 species (Jackknife 2). Confidence intervals of both sample and individual-based rarefaction curves for each vegetation type clearly indicated that flooded forest is the poorest vegetation type with respect to spider species richness, with hillside and riparian forests having a similar number of species. The percentage complementarity between the eleven sites indicated that all sites contain a distinct set of species, irrespective of their vegetation types. Nevertheless, the spider assemblages in riparian and hillside forests are more similar with respect to each other than when compared to flooded forest. Both cluster and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses showed no strong correspondence between the spider arboreal fauna and the three vegetation types. Moreover, a Mantel test revealed no significant association between species composition and geographic distance among sites.

What is paragonimus rudis (diesing, 1850)?: report on a field study in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Paragonimus rudis was found in the lungs of a giant otter Lutra (pteronura) brasiliensis by Natterer in 1828, who dissected the animal in the former capital Mato Grosso (=Vila Bela), Brazil. The flukes were described by Diesing in 1850, and redescribed by Braun in 1901. Both descriptions do not allow to identify the species. Therefore, P. rudis must be regarded a "nomen nudum". Because its rediscovery is desirable with regard to historical reasons and nomenclatoric questions, a field study was performed in Mato Grosso in 1980. Of 354 freshwater crabs from 24 localities collected and examined for parasitic infections, about 25% were found to be infected with 7kinds of trematode larvae, which differed distincly from Paragonimus-metacercariae. The question, whether P. rudis or other lung fluke species do not seem to occur or cannot be found any longer in the area investigated by us, is discussed.

Aspects related to productivity for four generations of a Lutzomyia longipalpis laboratory colony

A closed colony of Lutzomyia longipalpis was established with specimens collected in the Raposa - Serra do Sol indian reservoir, one of the main foci of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Roraima, Brazil. Biological observations were made on four generations of a L. longipalpis colony with emphasis on productivity. Aspects studied were the number of laid and retained eggs, and the number of adults (male and female) per generation. During the four generations the percentage of engorged females that laid eggs varied from 64.2% (third generation-F3) to 90.3% (second generation-F2). The mean number of eggs laid per female varied from 23.6 (F3) to 39.9 (first generation-F1). The maximum number of eggs laid per female varied from 84 (F3) to 124 (F1). The mean number of retained eggs per female was 12.7 (parental generation-P and F1) to 22.1 (F2). The number of females exceeded the number of males in all generations. However, significant difference for male/female ratio was found only for F3. Fecundity rates were between 42.1 (F3) and 58.3 (F2). From a total of 439 blood-fed females, 355 females laid 12,257 eggs that yield 5,354 adults (2,525 males and 2,829 females) in four generations. F2 presented maximum productivity and fecundity rates.

Stress among nurses: an examination of salivary cortisol levels on work and day off

The present study evaluates the use of salivary cortisol concentration as a physiological index of the stress level among nurses on their work day and day off and correlates it with the questionnaire used to measure occupational stress in nurses (Inventário de Estresse em Enfermeiros - IEE). This is a comparative, cross-sectional descriptive study in which sociodemographic data, IEE results and salivary cortisol levels were used. Fifty-seven nurses participated in the study (80.7% females and a mean age of 37.1 years old). The IEE average score was 124.5. The average cortisol level was 564.1 ng/m on work day and 354.1 ng/mL on day off. Nurses who had double workdays presented high values of salivary cortisol during the work day (638.1 ng/mL). In conclusion, salivary cortisol identified the nurses’ stress level, and differences were found between a work day and day off. On the nurses’ day off, their salivary cortisol levels and stress scores were lower.

Bermuda grass sod production as related to nitrogen rates

Of all nutrients, N has the strongest effect on grass growth and an adequate N fertilization can reduce the time required for the formation of high-quality mats. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of N fertilization on Bermuda grass sod production and quality. The experiment was conducted in an area of commercial sod production, in Capela do Alto, state of São Paulo. Cynodon dactylon (Pers) L., known as Bermuda grass, was evaluated in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of five N rates: 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1. Increasing N applications to Bermuda grass increased the soil cover rate, reducing the time required for mat formation. The accumulation of rhizome + root + stolon dry matter was highest at a rate of 354 kg ha-1 N and the mat resistance to breakage at a rate of 365 kg ha-1 N. Nitrogen rates between 354 and 365 kg ha-1 increased mat resistance and consequently the suitability for postharvest handling, tending to improve the efficiency in the area.

Mitochondrial DNA of Nellore and European x Nellore crossing cattle of high performance

The objective of this work was to evaluate, through a polymorphism in the ND5 gene of the bovine mitochondrial DNA, the frequency of Bos taurus indicus mtDNA individuals in a sample of Nellore purebred origin animals (n = 69) and crossbred animals originated from crosses of European sires and Nellore purebred origin females (n = 275). Only 2.26% (8/354) of the animals presented Bos taurus indicus mtDNA. The high frequency of Bos taurus taurus mtDNA in these animals can be a consequence of selection, once the animals studied are originated from selected lineages of high performance for meat production.

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF Oenocarpus mapora GERMPLASM CONSERVED AT EASTERN AMAZON

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure in the germoplasm of Oenocarpus mapora conserved at Eastern Amazon. Thus, 88 individuals were genotyped with five microsatellite loci. These individuals belong to 24 accessions that were sampled in eight sample places of three Brazilian Amazon states conserved at the Active Germplasm Bank (AGB) of Embrapa Eastern Amazon. All loci were polymorphic and they generated 85 alleles with an average of 17 alleles per loci. Total genetic diversity (HE) was 0.48. Sample places were considered genetically distinct, with ?p = 0.354. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) identified that the genetic portion among areas was of 36.14% and within 63.86%. The Nei distances varied from 0.091 between Abaetetuba and Santo Antônio do Tauá, both in the state of Pará (PA), to 4.18, between Parintins, AM and Rio Branco, AC. By means of Bayesian analysis, it was identified nine clusters that compose the accessions of the germplasm bank, with different distributions among individuals. The study showed high fixation rates per sample area, which indicates that there may have been significant inbreeding or crossing among parental individuals. It suggests that future samples should be made of different plants in natural populations. Even though, it was verified that there is considerable genetic variation in the germplasm of O. mapora.

Composição química de um resíduo alcalino da indústria de papel e celulose (DREGS)

Dregs is an alkaline solid by-product generated in the cellulose manufacturing industry that could be used to correct soil acidity. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of this product and some of its properties. The dregs presented 354 g kg-1 of calcium, neutralization capacity of 80.3%, and pH 10.7, besides low concentration of sodium (10.2 g kg-1), lead (62.9 mg kg-1) and cadmium (5.6 mg kg-1). Thus, it is a product that can safely be used to increase the soil pH.

Efeitos multiplicadores do setor florestal na economia capixaba

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a importância do setor florestal para o desenvolvimento social e econômico do Estado do Espírito Santo, por meio dos multiplicadores de impacto nos indicadores sociais e econômicos. Analisando dados do ano de 1999, observou-se que aumentos de 10% na produção florestal são suficientes para resultar na geração de mais 1.363 empregos formais no estado, de R$9,354 milhões nas remunerações salariais, de R$77,716 milhões no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) e de R$2 milhões na arrecadação de ICMS do estado, sendo aproximadamente 90% desses valores gerados dentro do próprio setor.

Produtividade de grãos verdes do feijão-caupi sob diferentes regimes hídricos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de grãos verdes, os componentes de produção e a eficiência do uso da água do feijão-caupi, sob regimes hídricos. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Meio-Norte, em Teresina - PI, entre setembro e novembro de 2009. Foram avaliadas cinco lâminas de irrigação, estabelecidas com base em frações da evapotranspiração de referência (25; 50; 75; 100 e 125% da ETo), e as cultivares BRS Guariba e BRSParaguaçudefeijão-caupi. Aplicou-se a irrigação por sistema de aspersão convencional fixo. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e parcelas subdivididas (cultivares). As máximas produtividades de grãos verdes, 2.937,3 kg ha-1 (BRS Guariba) e 2.492,9 kg ha-1 (BRS Paraguaçu), foram estimadas com as lâminas de irrigação de 354 mm e 423 mm, respectivamente. A máxima eficiência de uso da água para a produtividade de grãos verdes foi observada com as lâminas de 275 mm e 231 mm, para as cultivares BRS Paraguaçu e BRS Guariba, respectivamente. A cultivar BRS Guariba demonstrou melhor desempenho produtivo quando comparada com a cultivar BRS Paraguaçu.

Aspectos reprodutivos das mulheres climatéricas do Programa de Saúde da Família em Cuiabá

Objetivo: caracterizar os aspectos reprodutivos das mulheres climatéricas do Programa de Saúde da Família de Cuiabá. Métodos: o estudo foi o de corte transversal e inclui 354 mulheres com idade entre 40 e 65 anos, atendidas pelo Programa de Saúde da Família do Distrito Centro-Oeste de Cuiabá. Na coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário previamente testado no Ambulatório de Climatério do Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste Z e chi² para tendência. Das 354 mulheres estudadas encontrou-se uma média de idade de 49,7±7 anos e mediana de 48 anos. Desse total, 243 (68,6%) eram naturais de Mato Grosso, sendo as outras migrantes de vários Estados. A maioria era casada (65,8%), branca (48,0%), católica (73,4%) e com baixa escolaridade: 62,4% cursaram, mas não concluíram, o primeiro grau e 19,2% eram analfabetas. Do total, 84,3% estavam ocupadas em atividades exclusivamente domésticas e mais da metade (58,2%) pertencia à classe social mais baixa. Resultados: as mulheres tiveram em média 5,4±3,3 gestações. A idade média da menarca foi de 13,2±3,4 anos. Cerca de 5% não tiveram filhos e 7% tiveram mais de 10. Quase 50% tiveram sua primeira gravidez na adolescência e 14% após os 40 anos. A menopausa foi cirúrgica em 25% das mulheres. Cerca de 65% delas (229) tinham sido submetidas a cirurgia ginecológica prévia: 78% à laqueadura tubária, 20% à histerectomia e 7% à ooforectomia bilateral. Conclusão: quase 65% tinham sido submetidas a cirurgia ginecológica, sendo as cirurgias mais freqüentes a laqueadura tubária e a histerectomia total. Após a constituição da prole o método mais freqüente para planejamento familiar foi a ligadura de trompas.

Gestação na Adolescência: Relação com o Baixo Peso ao Nascer

Objetivo: estudar mulheres grávidas adolescentes como possível fator de risco de baixo peso no recém-nascido. Pacientes e Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, com entrevistas de 562 mães adolescentes e não-adolescentes nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-parto, no período de 10 de janeiro a 25 de março de 2002, em maternidade pública do município de Rio Branco no Estado do Acre. Foram excluídas do estudo as mães que tiveram feto morto, natimorto ou parto gemelar. Resultados: entre as 562 mães estudadas, 37,0% (n=208) eram adolescentes (16,9±1,6 anos) e 63,0% (n=354) tinham 20 ou mais anos de idade (22,9±6,3 anos). A média de peso do recém-nascido (RN) foi estatisticamente maior (p<0,01) entre as mães adultas (3.158,64±626,50 g) que entre as mães adolescentes (3.019,93±587,43). Quando excluídos os 32 (5,7%) RN prematuros (idade gestacional <37 semanas) houve também significativa maior proporção (p<0,007) de RN de baixo peso (<2.500 g) entre as mães adolescentes (11,9%) que entre as não-adolescentes (5,5%). A análise de regressão logística mostrou risco aumentado para o baixo peso ao nascer entre as mães adolescentes (OR=2,99; 1,47-6,07), bem como para o aborto (OR=2,78; 1,23-6,30) e para a doença hipertensiva específica da gravidez (OR=5,16; 1,65-16,12). Conclusão: o presente estudo demonstra que, associado ao impacto psico-social, familiar e econômico, já registrado na literatura, a gestação em adolescentes se associa a efeitos danosos sobre o concepto, os quais merecem estudo de coorte para avaliar as repercussões a médio e longo prazo.