Study of chronic hemolytic anaemia patients in Rio de Janeiro: prevalence of anti-human parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies and the developement aplastic crises

The prevalence of anti-human parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies was determined in sera from 165 chronic hemolytic anemia patients, receiving medical care at Instituto Estadual de Hematologia (IEHE), Rio de Janeiro, during the year of 1994. This sample represents around 10% of the chronic hemolytic anemia patients attending at IEHE. Most of these patients (140) have sickle cell disease. Anti-B19 IgG antibodies were detected in 32.1% of patients. No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was seen between IgG antibody prevalence in male (27.8%) and female (35.5%) patients. Anti-B19 IgG antibodies were more frequent in older (37.6%) than younger (28.2%) than 20 years old patients, although this difference had no statistical significance (p > 0.05). Anti-B19 IgG antibody prevalence showed that 67.9% of patients enrolled in the study were susceptible to B19 acute infection. With the aim to detect acute B19 infection, patients follow up continued until February 1996. During this period four patients presented transient aplastic crisis due to human parvovirus B19 as confirmed by the detection of specific IgM antibodies. All four patients were younger than 20 years old, and 3 were younger than 10 years old. Three of them were sickle cell disease patients. Three of the four acute B19 infection occurred during 1994 springtime.

Serological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis C virus infection in a population from Londrina, PR, Brazil, 2001-2002

Serological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were evaluated in 183 subjects from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, and adjacent areas. Serum samples which tested anti-HCV positive by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) obtained from eight patients with chronic hepatitis C, 48 blood donors, and 127 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were submitted to another enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). About 78.7% of samples were also reactive by ELISA, with the greater proportion (70.8%) of discordant results verified among blood donors. A similar finding was observed for HCV-RNA detection by PCR, with 111/165 (67.3%) positive samples, with higher rates among HIV-positive subjects and patients with chronic hepatitis than among blood donors. Sixty-one PCR-positive samples were submitted to HCV genotyping, with 77.1, 21.3 and 1.6% of the samples identified as types 1, 3 and 2, respectively. Finally, analysis of some risk factors associated with HCV infection showed that intravenous drug use was the most common risk factor among HIV/HCV co-infected patients, while blood transfusion was the most important risk factor in the group without HIV infection. The present study contributed to the knowledge regarding risk factors associated with HCV infection and the distribution of HCV genotypes in the population evaluated.

Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among blood donors from mid-west region of Brazil

In order to investigate the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in mid-west region of Brazil, 250 anti-HCV positive blood donors were studied. Among them, the anti-HCV serological status was confirmed in 205 (82%). HCV RNA was detected in 165 samples, which were genotyped. HCV types 1, 2 and 3 were found in 67.9%, 3% and 29.1% of the donors, respectively. In Goiás state, subtype 1a (50%) was the most prevalent, followed by subtypes 3a (30.9%) and 1b (16.7%). In Mato Grosso state, subtype 1a was also predominant (41%), followed by subtypes 1b (29.5%) and 3a (25%). In Mato Grosso do Sul state, subtypes 1a and 1b were detected equally (36.8%), followed by 3a (21.1%). Subtype 2b was rare (2.4%, 4.5% and 5.3%, respectively). In Distrito Federal, subtype 3a (39%) was more frequent than 1a (31.7%) and the remaining (29.3%) belonged to subtype 1b.

Occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in horses of the urban area of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

A total of 320 horses were studied in this paper, both male and female, between two and 17 years of age, which were used for traction of wagons in the urban area of the municipality of Londrina (PR). These animals were kept, after their daily work, in abandoned areas or plots, in the outskirts of the urban area of the city. When these animals were attended by the veterinarians, between 1996 and 2005, none of them presented symptoms suggesting leptospirosis. The most frequent reasons for the visit were loss of weight, unwillingness for work, parasitism, laminess, and wounds. Microscopic Seroagglutination Test (SAM), with 22 Leptospira serovars, was performed in sera sample from all these animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in horses from the urban area of Londrina (PR). From the samples tested, 214 (66.88%) were considered positive, with titers between 100 and 3200, being that 49 (22.90%) presented antibodies against a single serovar of Leptospira, and 165 (77.10%) samples presented antibodies against two or more serovars simultaneously, where in 88 (53.33%) it was possible to characterize the most likely probable serovar. Antibodies against the serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae were detected in 32 (23.36%) animals.

PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITHOUT LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION

The identification of predictors for the progression of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is essential to ensure adequate patient management. This study looked into a non-concurrent cohort of 165 CCC patients between 1985 and 2010 for independent predictors for CCC progression. The outcomes were worsening of the CCC scores and the onset of left ventricular dysfunction assessed by means of echo-Doppler cardiography. Patients were analyzed for social, demographic, epidemiologic, clinical and workup-related variables. A descriptive analysis was conducted, followed by survival curves based on univariate (Kaplan-Meier and Cox’s univariate model) and multivariate (Cox regression model) analysis. Patients were followed from two to 20 years (mean: 8.2). Their mean age was 44.8 years (20-77). Comparing both iterations of the study, in the second there was a statistically significant increase in the PR interval and in the QRS duration, despite a reduction in heart rates (Wilcoxon < 0.01). The predictors for CCC progression in the final regression model were male gender (HR = 2.81), Holter monitoring showing pauses equal to or greater than two seconds (HR = 3.02) increased cardiothoracic ratio (HR = 7.87) and time of use of digitalis (HR = 1.41). Patients with multiple predictive factors require stricter follow-up and treatment.

Níveis de sensibilidade de enterobactérias, em particular Salmonella typhi, a rifamicina S.V.

Em face à predominante eliminação biliar da rifamicina S.V. atingindo concentrações muitas vêzes superiores aos níveis séricos obtidos com as doses terapêuticas, e pelo possível interêsse dessa verificação para o tratamento dos portadores biliares crônicos de Salmonella typhi determinou-se a concentração mínima inibitória de 165 estirpes de enterobactérias, incluindo 77 amostras de S. typhi. Foi verificado que a maioria das cepas de Escherichia coli, Shigella e Proteus mirabilis correspondiam a uma concentração inibitória mínima entre 33 a 65 μg/ml. Entre 65 e 128 μg/ml foram determinadas as concetrações inibitórias mínimas da maioria das outras espécies de Proteus, de Providencia e de Klebsiella. Para Salmonella e Enterobacter o limite mínino de sensibilidade foi, em regra, igual ou superior a 128 μg/ml. Diferenças mais acentuadas de comportamento entre as enterobactérias foram observadas quanto à ação bactericida da rifamicidas S.V. De uma maneira geral, para E. coli e Shigella, as concentrações inibitórias mínimas já referidas. Para as espécies de Proteus e Providencia houve variação maior de comportamento, mas tendência a que o efeito bactericidas fôsse encontrado em concentrações que correspondiam a 4 vêzes as bacteriostáticas para as mesmas espécies. Finalmente, de modo pouco feliz para os propósitos visados, em Salmonella, com a inclusão de S. typhi, não foi atingido um efeito bactericida, com as mais altas concentrações usadas as quais corresponderam em média a 6 vêzes as concentrações bacteriostáticas para esse gênero.

As dimensões do granuloma causado pelos ovos do Schistosoma mansoni no fígado humano

Os aa. determinaram o diâmetro médio dos granulomas esquistossomóticos em suas várias fases evolutivas (necrótico-exsudativa, produtiva e em cura pór fibrose) em 332 casos de esquistossomose hepática humana: 167 na forma aguda, toxêmica e 165 nas formas crônicas (hepatesplênica, miliar). Foram medidos 286 granulomas em punções biópsias da primeira e 165 em punções biópsias e biópsias cirúrgicas da segunda.

Método de strout utilizando diferentes velocidades de centrifugação no diagnóstico da fase aguda da doença de Chagas

Empregando-se o método de Strout, analisou-se a eficácia de três diferentes velocidades de centrifugação (19 G, 165 G e 640 G) na avaliação da parasitemia de 20 chagásicos em fase aguda. Realizaram-se 309 exames nos 20 pacientes, com média de 15 exames para cada caso. Os exames realizados a 19 G evidenciaram a menor eficácia enquanto os realizados a 165 G e 640 G mostraram-se igualmente eficazes.

Tentativa de avaliação do programa especial de controle da esquistossomose (PECE) no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil

Foi feita uma tentativa de avaliação do Programa Especial de Controle da Esquistossomose (PECE) do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, desenvolvido pela SUCAM no Estado da Paraíba, a partir de 1976. Foram tomadas como base as 5 primeiras avaliações do Programa de 1978 a 1983 e posteriormente em 1984/85 realizados exames quantitativos de fezes em uma amostra de 9.155 indivíduos e exame clínico em 1.036 positivos, em 3 municípios selecionados nas principais regiões hidrográficas, onde o programa vem sendo realizado. As 5 primeiras avaliações realizadas pela SUCAM de 1978 a 1983 nos 47 municípios trabalhados, 23 na região do Mamanguape, 18 na região do Paraíba, 5 na região Litoral Sul e um na região do Curimataú, demonstraram uma queda da prevalência média inicial da esquistossomose de 28% para 4,9% na região do Mamanguape, de 20,9% para 5,9% na região do Paraíba, de 40,2%para 18,9% na região Litoral Sul e de 4,9para 1,4% na região do Curimataú. Em nível de localidade, entretanto, permaneciam com prevalência igual ou superiora 20%, 36(10,9%) das 329 avaliadas na região do Mamanguape, 40(13,6%) das 293 na região do Paraíba e 43 (47,2%) das 91 da região Litoral Sul. Nos municípios tomados como amostra para exame clínico e quantitativo de fezes no ano de 1985 verificou-se que em Cuitegi, na região do Mamanguape, dos 3.494 examinados 154 (4,4%) eliminavam em média 123 ovos de S. mansoni por grama de fezes, nenhum tinha a forma hepatoesplênica e 20(12,9%) tinham fígado palpável. Em Mari, na região do Paraíba, dos 3.735 examinados 410 (10,9%) estavam positivos eliminando em média 165,9 ovos de S. mansoni por grama de fezes; apenas um (0,24%) tinha a forma hepatoesplênica e 48 (11,7%) tinham fígado palpável. Em Alhandra, na região Litoral Sul, dos 1.926 examinados 472 (24,5%) eliminavam em média 115,4 ovos de S. mansoni por grama de fezes, 3,6% eram hepatoesplênicos e 81 (17,1%) tinham fígado palpável. Em estudo anterior realizado na sede desse município em 1979, 24,2% da população era positiva, eliminando em média 211 ovos de S. mansoni por grama de fezes, 2,4% tinham a forma hepatoesplênica e apenas 3% tinham fígado palpável.

Resposta de fase aguda, subnutrição e estado nutricional do ferro em adultos com AIDS

Foram comparados o estado nutricional e parâmetros do metabolismo do ferro de adultos HIV-positivos, com ou sem resposta de fase aguda (RFA). Adultos HIV-positivos (n = 29) submeteram-se a antropometria, recordatório alimentar e determinação sérica de albumina, proteína C reativa (PCR), ferritina e capacidade total de ligação do ferro (CTLF), além de creatinina urinária. Infecção mais PCR > 7mg/dl foram critérios de positividade da RFA. Índice de massa corporal (IMC < 18,5kg/m2) e índice creatinina-altura (ICA < 70%) definiram subnutrição. Subnutrição (77,8 vs 40%) e tuberculose pulmonar (44,4 vs 9,5%) foram mais freqüentes nos pacientes RFA-positivos, que também apresentaram menores níveis de albumina (3,7 ± 0,9 vs 4,3 ± 0,9g/dl), CTLF (165,8 ± 110,7 vs 265,9 ± 74,6mg/dl) e hemoglobina (10,5± 1,8 vs 12,6 ± 2,3g/dl). A ingestão de ferro foi adequada e similar entre RFA-positivos e RFA-negativos, o mesmo ocorrendo, respectivamente, quanto à ferritina sérica (mediana; variação, 568; 45,3-1814 vs 246; 18,4-1577ng/ml). Pacientes HIV-positivos com resposta de fase aguda são nutricionalmente mais comprometidos e têm anemia que parece não depender da ingestão recente de ferro.

Epidemiological factors associated with seropositivity for toxoplasmosis in pregnant women from Gurupi, State of Tocantins, Brazil

Introduction Knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii dissemination among pregnant women is relevant because the parasite can be spread from mother to infant. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women from Gurupi, State of Tocantins, Brazil, from February 2012 to June 2013. Methods The study population included 487 pregnant women. Sociodemographic, dietary and cultural data were collected using a standardized and validated form. Peripheral blood was collected for serologic testing using the ELISA test (IgM/IgG antibodies). The data were analyzed by comparing seropositivity with risk factors using crude and adjusted odds ratios. Results The prevalence rate for IgG and IgM antibodies was 68.7% and 5.7%, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with toxoplasmosis risk included the following: education level ≤ 8 years (OR: 6.612; CI: 1.450-30.144), age ≥ 30 years (OR: 5.273; CI: 1.166-23.844), working outside the home (OR: 1.604; CI: 1.015-2.536), and family income of two minimum wages or lower (OR: 2.700; CI: 1.891-8.182). Regarding dietary habits, there was a significant association of seropositivity with meat intake (OR: 1.78; CI: 1.149-4.080), cutting vegetables without washing the cutting board beforehand (OR: 2.051; CI: 1.165-3.614), frequent intake of vegetables (OR: 2.051; CI: 1.368-3.006) and in natura milk intake (OR: 2.422; CI: 1.014-5.785). Conclusions The high prevalence rates of toxoplasmosis in Gurupi are related to age, raw meat and in natura milk intake, as well as education level, working outside the home, and poor hygienic habits during meal preparation.

Occult HBV infection status among chronic hepatitis C and hemodialysis patients in Northeastern Egypt: regional and national overview

INTRODUCTION: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is considered to be one of the major risks for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis (HD) and patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study compared the prevalence of OBI among these two high-risk groups in the Suez Canal region, Northeastern Egypt, to obtain a better national overview of the magnitude of OBI in this region. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 165 HD patients and 210 chronic HCV-infected patients. Anti-HCV antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), total hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) antibody, and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCV RNA was detected using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay, and HBV was detected using a nested PCR. RESULTS: All patients were negative for HBsAg. A total of 49.1% and 25.2% of the patients in the HD and HCV groups, respectively, were anti-HBc-positive. In addition, more anti-HBs-positive patients were detected in the HD group compared to the HCV group (52.1% and 11.4%, respectively). Three cases were positive for HBV DNA in the HD group, while eighteen positive cases were detected in the HCV group. Both study groups showed significant differences in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level as well as anti-HBc, anti-HBs and HBV-DNA positivity. CONCLUSIONS: OBI was more prevalent among chronic HCV patients than HD patients in the Suez Canal region, Egypt, with rates of 8.5% and 1.8%, respectively. However, more precise assessment of this infection requires regular patient follow-up using HBV DNA detection methods.

Use of corticosteroids and the outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Ventilator-dependent premature infants are often treated with dexamethasone. Several trials showed that steroids while improve pulmonary compliance and facilitate extubation, some treated infants may have adverse effects, such as alterations of growth curves. We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate the effects of steroids on mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, hospital length stay and mortality, in ventilator-dependent infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (defined as the need of oxygen supplementation at 28 days of life). Twenty-six newborns with BPD were evaluated during 9 -- 42 days postpartum (mean = 31 days) and were divided into two groups: Group I - 14 newborns that did not receive dexamethasone, and Group II - 12 newborns that received dexamethasone at 14 --21 days of life. Dexamethasone was given at a dose of 0.25 mg per kilogram of body weight twice daily intravenously for 3 days, after which the dose was tapered. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the mean length of mechanical ventilation (Group I - 37 days, Group II - 35 days); oxygen supplementation (Group I - 16 days, Group II - 29 days); hospital stay (Group I - 72 days, Group II - 113 days); mortality (Group I - 35.7%, Group II - 41.6%). At birth, Group II was lighter (BW: Group I - 1154 grams ± 302, Group II - 791 grams ± 165; p < 0.05) and smaller (height: Group I - 37.22 cm ± 3.3, Group II - 33.5 ± 2.4; p< 0.05) than Group I. At 40 weeks, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in relation to anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The use of corticosteroids in bronchopulmonary dysplasic infants may influence the somatic growth during its use. However, after its suspension, a recovery seems to occur, suggesting that its influence could be transitory.

Potencial fisiológico de diásporos de Tectona grandis L.f. derrubados pelo vento

Nas áreas de produção de sementes de Tectona grandis em Cáceres, MT, ventos fortes podem causar queda precoce de frutos. Diásporos de três lotes de teca, um obtido após a queda natural e os outros dois após queda precoce, foram inicialmente qualificados quanto ao teor de água, massa de mil diásporos, número de diásporos por quilograma, emergência em canteiro e respectivo tempo médio. Essas duas últimas variáveis foram novamente determinadas em intervalos de 50 dias até 331 dias após a colheita com o uso de 200 diásporos divididos em quatro repetições. Para os diásporos de queda natural, a emergência de plântulas e o tempo médio não diferiram nos períodos de análise com média geral de 60,6% e 10,8 dias. Os diásporos dos lotes de colheita precoce apresentaram a emergência inicial de 23,5 e 17,5% e os tempos médios de 19,4 e 22,6 dias, respectivamente. Até 115 dias após a colheita, a emergência aumentou (55,5 e 59,5%) e o tempo médio diminuiu (15,0 e 14,1 dias) e a partir daí ocorreu o inverso. Os diásporos de colheita precoce derrubados pelo vento apresentam maturação e o maior potencial fisiológico aos 115 dias após a colheita. No período de 64 a 269 dias após a colheita, esses diásporos atingem o padrão mínimo estabelecido para a teca e o período entre 115 a 165 dias é o mais adequado para sua utilização.

Fitossociologia de uma Floresta Ombrófila Densa na Amazônia Setentrional, Roraima, Brasil

O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística e fitossociológica de uma floresta nativa no município de Caracaraí, Roraima, Brasil. Foram inventariadas todas as árvores com DAP > 10 cm em 9 parcelas permanentes de 100 x 100 m (1 ha cada). Foram observados 4.724 indivíduos (525ind.ha-1), distribuídos em 42 famílias botânicas, 111 gêneros e 165 espécies. As famílias com maior número de indivíduos foram Fabaceae (1.883), Lecythidaceae (609) e Sapotaceae (434), perfazendo 52% do total de indivíduos amostrados. O grupo composto por espécies pioneiras apresentou maior número de indivíduos (219ind.ha-1), seguido das secundárias (193ind.ha-1) e climácicas (113ind.ha-1). No entanto, as secundárias obtiveram maior número de espécies (95), em detrimento de climácicas (44) e pioneiras (26). O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H' = 3,27) e o valor de equabilidade de Pielou (J = 0,64) foram inferiores aos obtidos em outros inventários florísticos na Amazônia Legal, contribuindo para isso o tamanho populacional de Pentaclethra macroloba. As espécies Pentaclethra macroloba (52,1), Eschweilera bracteosa (23,7) e Pouteria caimito (8,1) apresentaram os maiores valores de importância, perfazendo 28% do VI total. A maior parte dos indivíduos amostrados (71,3% = 374ind.ha-1) foram registrados no estrato médio (12,4 m < altura < 26,5 m) da floresta. A comunidade florestal pode ser considerada bem estruturada, madura e diversa, portanto em bom estado de conservação.