95 resultados para 16:1(n-7) 16:1(n-5) 20:5(n-3)
Resumo:
In an ethanolic extract of leaves of Ottonia corcovadensis (Piperaceae) were identified sixteen terpenoids of essential oil and the three flavonoids 3',4',5,5',7-pentamethoxyflavone (1), 3',4',5,7-tetramethoxyflavone (2) and 5-hydroxy-3',4',5',7-tetramethoxyflavone (3) and cafeic acid (4). Two amides (5 and 6) were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the roots. The structures were established by spectral analysis, meanly NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectra. Extensive NMR analysis was also used to complete H and 13C chemical shift assignments of the flavonoids and amides. The components of the essential oil were identified by computer library search, retention indices and visual interpretation of mass spectra.
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Estudos eletroanalticos foram realizados com o Nedocromil de Sdio empregando as tcnicas voltamtricas de varredura linear, pulso diferencial e onda quadrada, em tampo Britton-Robinson (pH 4,0). No estudo voltamtrico empregando a modalidade de varredura linear observou-se dois picos catdicos, irreversveis, nos valores de potencial de -0,86 V e -1,10 V (vs ECS). As correntes de pico catdicas apresentaram um controle difusional segundo a relao Ipc versus v. A dependncia de Ipc com a concentrao apresentou linearidade entre 5,0x10-4 mol L-1 e 5,0x10-3 mol L-1, limite de deteco de 8,2x10-5 mol L-1 e sensibilidade de 6,3x10 mA/ mol L-1. Na voltametria de pulso diferencial o Nedocromil de Sdio apresentou dois picos catdicos, irreversveis, nos valores de potencial de -0,67 V e -0,75 V (vs ECS). Curvas analticas foram obtidas no intervalo de 3,0x10-6 mol L-1 a 1,0x10-5 mol L-1, limite de deteco de 4,9x10-7 mol L-1 e sensibilidade de 8,7x10(4) mA/ mol L-1. Na voltametria de onda quadrada observou-se dois picos catdicos nos valores de potencial de -0,80 V e -0,91 V (vs ECS), linearidade de 5,0x10-7 mol L-1 a 1,0x10-5 mol L-1, com limite de deteco e uma sensibilidade de 2,7x10-6 mol L-1 e 1,1x10(6) mA/ mol L-1, respectivamente.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: avaliar a influncia dos indicadores antropomtricos sobre os marcadores de risco cardiovascular e metablico para doenas crnicas no-transmissveis em mulheres na ps-menopausa. MTODOS: realizou-se estudo clnico transversal, com 120 mulheres sedentrias na ps-menopausa (com idades entre 45 e 70 anos e ltima menstruao h, pelo menos, 12 meses). Foram excludas as diabticas insulino-dependentes e usurias de estatinas ou terapia hormonal at seis meses prvios. Para avaliao antropomtrica, foram obtidos peso, estatura, ndice de massa corprea (IMC=peso/altura) e circunferncia da cintura (CC). As variveis metablicas avaliadas foram colesterol total (CT), HDL, LDL, triglicrides (TG), glicemia e insulina, para os clculos do ndice aterognico plasmtico (IAP) e resistncia insulnica (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, HOMA-IR). Na anlise estatstica, utilizara-se anlise de varincia one-way (ANOVA) e Odds Ratio (OR). RESULTADOS: os dados mdios caracterizaram amostra com sobrepeso, com obesidade central e dislipidmica. Sobrepeso e obesidade estiveram presentes em 77,1% e deposio central de gordura ocorreu em 87,3% das participantes. Os valores mdios de CT, LDL e TG estavam acima do recomendvel em 67,8, 55,9 e 45,8% das mulheres, respectivamente, com HDL abaixo dos valores adequados em 40,7%. Valores de CC >88 cm ocorreram em 14,8% das mulheres eutrficas, 62,5% no grupo com sobrepeso e 100% nas obesas (p>0,05). Os valores mdios de IAP, TG e HOMA-IR aumentaram significativamente com o aumento do IMC e da CC, enquanto que o HDL diminuiu (p<0,05). Na presena da CC >88 cm, encontrou-se risco de 5,8 (IC95%=2,3-14,8), 2,61 (IC95%=1,2-5,78), 3,4 (IC95%=1,2-9,7) e 3,6 (IC95%=1,3-10,3) para HDL reduzido, hipertrigliceridemia, IAP elevado e resistncia a insulina, respectivamente (p<0,05). O IMC >30 kg/m associou-se apenas com HDL reduzido (OR=3,1; IC95%=1,44-6,85). CONCLUSES: a associao de duas medidas antropomtricas (CC e IMC) foi eficiente para adequado diagnstico de obesidade relacionada a alteraes metablicas em mulheres na ps-menopausa. Contudo, a simples avaliao da CC pode ser indicativo do risco cardiovascular e metablico das doenas crnicas no transmissveis.
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The preemptive analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of preoperatively administered piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin for post-endoscopic sinus surgery pain was determined in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, clinical study. Seventy-five American Society of Anesthesiologists status I-II patients, aged 18-65 years, were divided into three groups with similar demographic characteristics: group 1 received 20 mg piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin, group 2 received 40 mg piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin and group 3 received placebo orally before induction of general anesthesia. A blinded observer recorded the incidence and severity of pain at admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), at 15, 30, and 45 min in the PACU, and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h postoperatively. All patients received patient-controlled morphine analgesia during the postoperative period and consumption was recorded for 24 h. During the PACU period, mean visual analogue scale values were significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3 (P < 0.05). During the postoperative period, morphine consumption was 3.03 2.54, 2.7 2.8, and 5.56 3.12 mg for each group, respectively (P < 0.05). As a side effect, bleeding was observed in groups 1 and 3, nausea and vomiting in all groups, and edema only in group 3. However, no significant differences were detected in any of the parameters analyzed, which also included epigastric pain, constipation/diarrhea and headache. Similar hematological test results were obtained for all groups. Preemptive administration of piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin effectively reduced analgesic consumption, and 40 mg of the drug was more effective than 20 mg piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin without side effects during the postoperative period.
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Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) has a high commercial value; however, it has a short shelf-life because of its rapid pericarp browning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shelf-life of 'Bengal' lychee fruits stored after treatment with hydrochloric acid and citric acid, associated with cassava starch and plastic packaging. Uniformly red pericarp fruits were submitted to treatments: 1-(immersion in citric acid 100 mM for 5 minutes + cassava starch 30 g L-1 for 5 minutes), 2-(immersion in hydrochloric acid 1 M for 2 minutes + starch cassava 30 g L-1 for 5 minutes), 3-(immersion in citric acid 100 mM for 5 minutes + polyvinyl chloride film (PVC, 14 m thick)) and 4-(immersion in hydrochloric acid 1 M for 2 minutes + PVC film). During 20 days, the fruits were evaluated for mass loss, pericarp color, pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity, vitamin C of the pulp and pericarp and activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase of the pericarp. The treatment with hydrochloric acid associated with PVC was the most effective in maintaining the red color of the pericarp for a period of 20 days and best preservation of the fruit. The cassava starch associated with citric acid, and hydrochloric acid did not reduce the mass loss and did not prevent the browning of lychee fruit pericarp.
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A total of 316 samples of nasopharyngeal aspirate from infants up to two years of age with acute respiratory-tract illnesses were processed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using three different techniques: viral isolation, direct immunofluorescence, and PCR. Of the samples, 36 (11.4%) were positive for RSV, considering the three techniques. PCR was the most sensitive technique, providing positive findings in 35/316 (11.1%) of the samples, followed by direct immunofluorescence (25/316, 7.9%) and viral isolation (20/315, 6.3%) (p < 0.001). A sample was positive by immunofluorescence and negative by PCR, and 11 (31.4%) were positive only by RT-PCR. We conclude that RT-PCR is more sensitive than IF and viral isolation to detect RSV in nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens in newborn and infants.
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The neurotransmission of the chemoreflex in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), particularly of the sympatho-excitatory component, is not completely understood. There is evidence that substance P may play a role in the neurotransmission of the chemoreflex in the NTS. Microinjection of substance P (50 pmol/50 nl, N = 12, and 5 nmol/50 nl, N = 8) into the commissural NTS of unanesthetized rats produced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (101 1 vs 108 2 and 107 3 vs 115 4 mmHg, respectively) and no significant changes in heart rate (328 11 vs 347 15 and 332 7 vs 349 13 bpm, respectively) 2 min after microinjection. Previous treatment with WIN, an NK-1 receptor antagonist (2.5 nmol/50 nl), microinjected into the NTS of a specific group of rats, blocked the pressor (11 5 vs 1 2 mmHg) and tachycardic (31 6 vs 4 3 bpm) responses to substance P (50 pmol/50 nl, N = 5) observed 10 min after microinjection. Bilateral microinjection of WIN into the lateral commissural NTS (N = 8) had no significant effect on the pressor (50 4 vs 42 6 mmHg) or bradycardic (-230 16 vs -220 36 bpm) responses to chemoreflex activation with potassium cyanide (iv). These data indicate that the activation of NK-1 receptors by substance P in the NTS produces an increase in baseline mean arterial pressure and heart rate. However, the data obtained with WIN suggest that substance P and NK-1 receptors do not play a major role in the neurotransmission of the chemoreflex in the lateral commissural NTS.
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Introduction Surveillance of nosocomial infections (NIs) is an essential part of quality patient care; however, there are few reports of National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and none in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of NIs, causative organisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in a large cohort of neonates admitted to the NICU during a 16-year period. Methods The patients were followed 5 times per week from birth to discharge or death, and epidemiological surveillance was conducted according to the NHSN. Results From January 1997 to December 2012, 4,615 neonates, representing 62,412 patient-days, were admitted to the NICU. The device-associated infection rates were as follows: 17.3 primary bloodstream infections per 1,000 central line-days and 3.2 pneumonia infections per 1,000 ventilator-days. A total of 1,182 microorganisms were isolated from sterile body site cultures in 902 neonates. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (34.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.6%) were the most common etiologic agents isolated from cultures. The incidences of oxacillin-resistant CoNS and Staphylococcus aureus were 86.4% and 28.3%, respectively. Conclusions The most important NI remains bloodstream infection with staphylococci as the predominant pathogens, observed at much higher rates than those reported in the literature. Multiresistant microorganisms, especially oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli resistant to cephalosporin were frequently found. Furthermore, by promoting strict hygiene measures and meticulous care of the infected infants, the process itself of evaluating the causative organisms was valuable.
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In this study, we assessed the prevalence of human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) in 141 serum samples from children less than four years of age with exanthematic disease. All samples were negative for measles, rubella, dengue fever and parvovirus B19 infection. Testing for the presence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)-specific high avidity IgG antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed two main groups: one composed of 57 patients with recent primary HHV-6 infection and another group of 68 patients showing signs of past HHV-6 infection. Another 16 samples had indeterminate primary HHV-6 infection, by both IgG IFA and IgM IFA. Serum samples were subjected to a nested polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of HHV-7 DNA. Among patients with a recent primary HHV-6 infection, HHV-7 DNA was present in 1.7% of individuals; however, 5.8% of individuals tested positive for HHV-7 DNA in the group with past primary HHV-6 infection. Among the 16 samples with indeterminate diagnosis, 25% (4/16) had HHV-7 DNA (p < 0.002). We hypothesise that HHV-7 might be the agent that causes exanthema. However, a relationship between clinical manifestations and the detection of virus DNA does not always exist. Therefore, a careful interpretation is necessary to diagnose a primary infection or a virus-associated disease. In conclusion, we detected HHV-7 DNA in young children from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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A extração de fósforo do solo pode ser comprometida pelas condições em que a análise é realizada e isso pode explicar a variabilidade nos resultados encontrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de desvios na velocidade de agitação, no tempo de contato e na temperatura sobre a extração do P pelos extratores Mehlich-1 (M-1) e Mehlich-3 (M-3) em amostras de solo. O estudo foi conduzido por meio de três experimentos executados com 11 amostras de solo provenientes da camada arável de Latossolo, Neossolo, Argissolo, Cambissolo, Planossolo, que são representativas das regiões geomorfológicas do Planalto e da Depressão Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para todos os experimentos, adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 5 × 11, sendo dois extratores, cinco velocidades, temperaturas ou tempos de contato solo/solução e 11 tipos de solo, com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento, a mistura solo:solução foi agitada em 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 oscilações por min (opm). No segundo, após a agitação por 5 min, a mistura solo:solução foi deixada em repouso por períodos de tempo de oito, 12, 16, 20 e 24 h para retirada dos extratos. No terceiro, a temperatura de execução de todo o protocolo de análises foi mantida constante em 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C. O aumento na velocidade de agitação de 120 até 160 opm aumentou a quantidade de P extraído pelos extratores. O aumento no tempo de contato antes da extração da alíquota elevou as quantidades de P extraído pelo M-1 e diminuiu para o M-3. Variações na temperatura não influenciaram significativamente o extrator M-1, mas o M-3 foi mais sensível a variações. Uma padronização na velocidade de agitação, no tempo de repouso e uma climatização dos laboratórios tornam-se necessárias para diminuir a interferência causada sobre as quantidades de P extraído pelos métodos M-1 e M-3 em amostras de solo.
Sntese de novos herbicidas derivados do 1,2alfa,4alfa,5-tetrametil-8-oxabiciclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ona
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In this paper we report the synthesis of biologically active compounds through a [3+4] cycloaddition reaction to produce the main frame structure, followed by several conventional transformations. The 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one (11) obtained from a [3+4] cycloaddition reaction was converted into 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8 -oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (13) in 46% yield. This was further converted into the alcohols 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3 alpha-ol (14), 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8 -oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3beta-ol (15), 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-3-butyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3 alpha-ol (17), 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-3-hexyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3 alpha-ol (18) and 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-3-decyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3 alpha-ol (19). Dehydration of 17, 18 and 19 with thionyl chloride in pyridine resulted in the alkenes 20, 21 and 22 in ca. 82% - 89% yields from starting alcohols. The herbicidal activity of the compounds synthesized was evaluated at a concentration of 100 µg g-1. The most active compound was 21 causing 42,7% inhibition against Cucumis sativus L.
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OBJETIVOS: analisar os resultados obsttricos e perinatais de 26 casos de sndrome de aspirao de mecnio (SAM) MTODOS: realizou-se reviso dos pronturios de 26 recm-nascidos (RN) com diagnstico de SAM. Os casos foram estudados em funo da mdia de permanncia do RN na UTIN e das principais complicaes maternas e neonatais, correlacionando-as entre si. RESULTADOS: dezoito conceptos nasceram no HG-FUCS e 8 fora; no perodo citado, ocorreram 3.976 nascimentos no HG-FUCS, incidncia de SAM de 0,45%. Dos 18 casos estudados, 9 nasceram pela via vaginal; o peso ao nascimento foi >2.500 g em dezesseis casos. Mecnio leve ocorreu em 50%, semelhante ao espesso. O Apgar no 1 minuto foi >7 em 3 casos (16,7%), entre 4 e 6, em 7 casos (38,9%), e entre 0 e 3, em 8 casos (44,4%). No 5 minuto, sete RN permaneceram deprimidos. A principal complicao neonatal foi anoxia (36% dos casos). A taxa de bito neonatal foi de 7,7%. A internao mdia na UTIN foi de 19,9 dias. CONCLUSO: a SAM constitui grave entidade clnica neonatal, relacionando-se com altas taxas de mortalidade neonatal, mecnio espesso em pelo menos a metade dos casos e nascimento de fetos deprimidos na sua maioria.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalncia de rebanhos positivos (focos) e identificar os fatores de risco que possam estar associados com a infeco pelo herpesvrus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) em rebanhos bovinos com atividade reprodutiva, na regio Oeste do Estado do Paran. O delineamento estatstico, amostras de soro e informaes referentes s propriedades foram as empregadas para o estudo da brucelose bovina no Estado do Paran dentro do contexto do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicao da Brucelose e Tuberculose. Foram avaliadas 1930 fmeas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses, provenientes de 295 rebanhos no vacinados contra o BoHV-1. Para o diagnstico sorolgico da infeco pelo BoHV-1, foi utilizado um ensaio imunoenzimtico (ELISA) indireto. Em cada propriedade foi aplicado um questionrio epidemiolgico, afim de obter informaes epidemiolgicas e prticas de manejo empregadas. Dos 295 rebanhos analisados, 190 foram considerados positivos para o BoHV-1, com a prevalncia de rebanhos de 64,41% (I.C.95% = 58,65-69,87%). As variveis consideradas fatores de risco para a infeco pelo BoHV-1 na anlise de regresso logstica multivariada foram: i) nmero (>23) fmeas com idade >24 meses (OR=2,22; IC: 1,09-4,51); ii) compra de reprodutores (OR=2,68; IC: 1,48-4,82); iii) uso de pastagens comuns (OR=5,93; IC: 1,31-26,82); iv) histrico de abortamento nos ltimos 12 meses (OR=2,37; IC: 1,09-5,16); v) presena de animais silvestres (OR=8,86; IC: 1,11-70,73). Estes resultados indicam que a infeco pelo BoHV-1 est amplamente distribuda na regio estudada e que fatores relacionados s caractersticas das propriedades e ao manejo esto associados infeco.
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Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalncia de anticorpos contra os herpesvrus bovinos tipos 1 e 5 (BoHV-1 e BoHV-5) no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, frente a diferentes cepas de BoHV-1 e BoHV-5. As amostras de soro utilizadas foram extradas de uma amostragem mais ampla, desenhada para estimar a prevalncia de brucelose bovina no Estado. Todos os soros foram coletados de vacas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses de idade, no vacinadas contra herpesvrus bovinos, de rebanhos de corte e leite. O clculo amostral foi baseado em uma expectativa de prevalncia mdia de infeco de 33%, considerando-se um erro padro no superior a 1% e um intervalo de confiana de 95%. Com base nesse clculo foram examinados 2.200 soros, provenientes de 390 propriedades e 158 municpios. Os soros foram analisados na busca de anticorpos contra BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 pela tcnica de soroneutralizao (SN), executada frente a quatro cepas de vrus distintas: EVI123/98 e Los Angeles (BoHV-1.1); EVI88/95 (BoHV-5a) e A663 (BoHV-5b). A prevalncia mdia de anticorpos contra o BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 nos animais amostrados foi de 29,2% (642/2200); animais soropositivos foram identificados em 57,7% (225/390) dos rebanhos. As estimativas de prevalncia variaram de acordo com a cepa e/ou vrus utilizado para o desafio nos testes de SN. A prevalncia e a sensibilidade mais altas foram obtidas quando os resultados positivos SN frente aos quatro vrus distintos foram somados. O uso de somente um vrus de desafio na SN levaria a reduo de sensibilidade de 20,4% a 34,6% quando comparada com os resultados positivos combinados. Estes achados evidenciam que anticorpos contra BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 esto amplamente difundidos nos rebanhos do RS, embora a prevalncia em distintas regies geogrficas seja bastante variada. Os resultados obtidos nas estimativas de prevalncia foram fortemente afetados pelas diferentes amostras de vrus usadas nos testes de SN. Esse fato deve ser levado em considerao quando estudos sorolgicos para BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 forem realizados. Como a SN no capaz de discriminar as respostas de anticorpos para BoHV-1 e BoHV-5, a prevalncia tipo-especfica permanece desconhecida.
Anxiolytic-like effects of 4-phenyl-2-trichloromethyl-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine hydrogen sulfate in mice
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The pharmacological effects of 4-phenyl-2-trichloromethyl-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine hydrogen sulfate (PTMB), a novel synthetic benzodiazepine, were examined in mice. In the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety, 0.3-1 mg/kg diazepam ip (F(3,53) = 3.78; P<0.05) and 1-10 mg/kg PTMB ip increased (F(5,98) = 3.26; P<0.01), whereas 2 mg/kg picrotoxin ip decreased (F(3,59) = 8.32; P<0.001) the proportion of time spent in the open arms, consistent with an anxiolytic action of both benzodiazepines, and an anxiogenic role for picrotoxin. In the holeboard, 1.0 mg/kg diazepam ip increased (F(3,54) = 2.78; P<0.05) and 2 mg/kg picrotoxin ip decreased (F(3,59) = 4.69; P<0.01) locomotor activity. Rotarod assessment revealed that 1 mg/kg diazepam ip and 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg PTMB ip produced significant motor incoordination compared to vehicle control (F(4,70) = 7.6; P<0.001). These data suggest that the recently synthesized PTMB compound possesses anxiolytic activity and produces motor incoordination similar to those observed with diazepam.
