118 resultados para 136-843
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OBJETIVO Comparar dois métodos de avaliação de atividade física entre mulheres na pré, transição e pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal aninhado à coorte de mulheres na pré, peri e pós-menopausa em uma cidade do sul do Brasil. As participantes responderam a um questionário com dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. A atividade física foi avaliada utilizando-se o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física – versão curta e a contagem do número de passos com o uso de pedômetro. As participantes foram classificadas em estratos de atividade física de acordo com o instrumento utilizado. Para análise estatística foram realizados os testes de correlação de Spearman, índice de Kappa, coeficiente de concordância e análise das medidas contínuas de Bland-Altman. RESULTADOS A concordância (k = 0,110; p = 0,007) e a correlação (rho = 0,136; p = 0,02) entre o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física – versão curta e o pedômetro foram fracas. No gráfico de Bland-Altman, observou-se que as diferenças se afastam do valor zero tanto quanto a atividade física é mínima ou mais intensa. Comparando-se os dois métodos, a frequência de mulheres inativas é maior quando avaliadas pelo pedômetro do que pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. O oposto ocorre entre as ativas. CONCLUSÕES A concordância entre os métodos foi fraca. Embora de fácil aplicação, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física superestima a atividade física em relação à avaliação por pedômetro.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe different approaches to promote adverse drug reaction reporting among health care professionals, determining their cost-effectiveness. METHODS We analyzed and compared several approaches taken by the Northern Pharmacovigilance Centre (Portugal) to promote adverse drug reaction reporting. Approaches were compared regarding the number and relevance of adverse drug reaction reports obtained and costs involved. Costs by report were estimated by adding the initial costs and the running costs of each intervention. These costs were divided by the number of reports obtained with each intervention, to assess its cost-effectiveness. RESULTS All the approaches seem to have increased the number of adverse drug reaction reports. We noted the biggest increase with protocols (321 reports, costing 1.96 € each), followed by first educational approach (265 reports, 20.31 €/report) and by the hyperlink approach (136 reports, 15.59 €/report). Regarding the severity of adverse drug reactions, protocols were the most efficient approach, costing 2.29 €/report, followed by hyperlinks (30.28 €/report, having no running costs). Concerning unexpected adverse drug reactions, the best result was obtained with protocols (5.12 €/report), followed by first educational approach (38.79 €/report). CONCLUSIONS We recommend implementing protocols in other pharmacovigilance centers. They seem to be the most efficient intervention, allowing receiving adverse drug reactions reports at lower costs. The increase applied not only to the total number of reports, but also to the severity, unexpectedness and high degree of causality attributed to the adverse drug reactions. Still, hyperlinks have the advantage of not involving running costs, showing the second best performance in cost per adverse drug reactions report.
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Anti-HAV was detected by enzyme - immunoassay in sera collected from 6 (18,75%) of 32 Didelphis marsupialis trapped in the Amazon region. No anti-HAV were found in the sera from 136 other wild animals, including small rodents, reptiles and other marsupials.
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Helicobacter pylori was investigated in 189 patients for culture, microscopic visualization of campylobacter-like organisms (CLO) and a ten minute urease test. In 136 (72%) the bacteria was isolated, and in 98 of them CLO were histologically detected. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of microscopic visualization of CLO were: 0.77, 0.73, 0.97 and 0.51, respectively; 98 culture-positive patients were urease test positive. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of the urease test were: 0.83, 0.72, 0.92 and 0.54, respectively. Comparing the urease test with culture of H. pylori combined with microscopic visualization of CLO, its specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values were: 0.95, 0.71, 0.98 and 0.48, respectively. Probably, these values are not real, since bacteria different from H. pylori could be misclassified as CLO.
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The ability to control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression of the disease is regulated by host and viral factors. This cross-sectional study describes the socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with HIV-1 infection in 1,061 subjects attended in Londrina and region, south of Brazil: 136 healthy individuals (Group 1), 147 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected individuals (Group 2), 161 HIV-1-infected asymptomatic patients (Group 3), and 617 patients with AIDS (Group 4). Data were obtained by a standardized questionnaire and serological tests. The age of the individuals ranged from 15.1 to 79.5 years, 54.0% and 56.1% of the Groups 3 and 4 patients, respectively, were men. The major features of groups 2, 3, and 4 were a predominance of education level up to secondary school (55.8%, 60.2% and 62.4%, respectively), sexual route of exposure (88.4%, 87.0% and 82.0%, respectively), heterosexual behavior (91.8%, 75.2% and 83.7%, respectively), and previous sexually transmitted diseases (20.4%, 32.5%, and 38.1%, respectively). The patients with AIDS showed the highest rates of seropositivity for syphilis (25.6%), of anti-HCV (22.3%), and anti-HTLV I/II obtained by two serological screening tests (6.2% and 6.8%, respectively). The results documenting the predominant characteristics for HIV-1 infection among residents of Londrina and region, could be useful for the improvement of current HIV-1 prevention, monitoring and therapeutic programs targeted at this population.
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INTRODUCTION: The main extra-hepatic manifestation of hepatitis C is mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). The aim of this study was to evaluate its prevalence among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), to correlate its presence to host and virological variables and to the response to combined therapy with interferon-alpha and ribavirin. CASUISTIC AND METHODS: 202 CHC naive patients (136 with chronic hepatitis and 66 with cirrhosis) were consecutively evaluated for the presence of cryoglobulins. Cryoprecipitates were characterized by immunoelectrophoresis and classified according to the Brouet's criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of MC was 27% (54/202), and 24% of them (13/54) showed major clinical manifestation of the disease. Even though type III MC was more frequent (78%), symptomatic MC was more common in type II MC. The presence of cirrhosis (RR = 2.073; IC95% = 1.029 - 4.179; p = 0.041), and age of the patients (RR = 1.035; IC95% = 1.008 - 1.062; p = 0.01) were independently associated with the presence of cryoglobulins. No relationship was found with viral load and genotype. 102 patients were treated with interferon alpha and ribavirin. Among these, 31 had MC. Sustained virological response (around 30%) was similar in patients with and without MC (p = 0.971). CONCLUSION: MC represents a prevalent complication in patients with CHC, specially older and cirrhotic patients. Only 24% of these patients show clinical manifestation of the disease, specially those with type II MC. The presence of MC did not affect the response to therapy.
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INTRODUCTION: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a pathogen in individuals without traditional risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRSA nasal carriage was assessed in individuals consulting at a Primary Health Unit in Brazil. RESULTS: A total of 336 individuals were included: 136 were tested only for MRSA and 200 for any S. aureus. No MRSA was found among the 336 individuals and 23 (11.5%) of 200 were colonized by S. aureus. DISCUSSION: Low prevalence rates have been found in non-hospitalized individuals, but MRSA surveillance should be encouraged to monitor clinical and molecular epidemiology of CA- MRSA.
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Candida albicans is often isolated from clinical samples, thus its presumptive differentiation from other species of the same genus can be based on its ability to form the germ tube in human serum. Nevertheless, there are two other species that share this characteristic: C. dubliniensis and C. africana. The aim of this study was to compare four different substrates to perform the germ tube (GT) test. The Candida spp. isolates were identified using a manual system (135 C. albicans, 24 C. tropicalis and one C. dubliniensis). The germ tube test was performed with fresh, previously frozen serum and Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth and agar. GT was observed in 96% (130/136) of the isolates through the fresh serum technique, 94% (128/136) through previously frozen serum, 92% (125/136) in MH agar, and 90% (122/136) in MH broth. The sensitivity of each test was higher than 90%, with 100% specificity. Both the MH agar and broth were able to identify the true positives, and false positives were not found. However, some C. albicans isolates were not identified. MH agar and broth may be used in laboratory for the rapid presumptive identification of C. albicans, as an alternative method for germ tube test.
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Os autores, efetuando um inquérito sorológico baseado na reação de Guerreiro-Machado para o diagnóstico da doença de Chagas em 136 candidatos não selecionados a doadores do Banco de Sangue do Hospital das Clínicas da FM.U.F.Pe., Brasil, encontraram seis (4,41%) com reações positivas.
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Com a finalidade de verificar se a ocorrência de Salmonelas isoladas de animais, com resistência múltipla infecciosa a drogas, influencia a situação epidemiológica no homem, testaram-se 136 amostras de Salmonella isoladas de suínos normas. Das culturas testadas, 18,3% foram portadoras desse tipo de resistência, em evidente oposição aos dados encontrados entre as amostras de origem humana, em que num total de 70 amostras (67,1%) apresentaram resistência a uma e a várias drogas.
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Analisou-se o comportamento da LTA em crianças e adolescentes na faixa etária de 0-15 anos, provenientes das áreas endêmicas de Buriticupu (MA) e Corte de Pedra (BA). Nestas regiões, foram cadastrados 214 pacientes no periodo de 1982 a 1993, sendo 78 (36,4%) oriundos de Corte de Pedra e 136 (63,6%) de Buriticupu. Em Corte de Pedra a faixa etária predominante foi de 0-5 anos com 29 (37,2%) casos. Destes, 62% pertenciam ao sexo masculino. Na região de Buriticupu, 88 (64,7%) casos ocorreram na faixa etária de 11-15 anos, sendo 73,8% do sexo masculino. Nas regiões estudadas, houve predomínio da cor parda com 65,4% em Corte de Pedra, e 75% em Buriticupu. Vinte e seis (33,3%) crianças provenientes de Corte de Pedra eram lavradores, sendo o sexo masculino maioria (57,7%), existindo diferença estatística significante (c2 = 11,21 p = 0,05). Vinte e um (80,8%) casos da ocupação lavrador pertenciam a faixa etária de 11-15 anos. Em Buriticupu 37,5% das crianças eram estudantes, destes 30,2% foram lavradores, todos do sexo masculino (c2 = 32,3 p = 0,05). A maioria dos lavradores, 39 (44,3%) casos eram da faixa etária de 11-15 anos. Tanto em Buriticupu como Corte de Pedra houve predomínio da lesão única, 57,7% e 53,7% dos casos, respectivamente. A duração das lesões destacou-se no período de 1 a 3 meses, com 54 (69,2%) casos em Corte de Pedra e 83 (61%) em Buriticupu (c2 = 11,82 p = 0,05). Quanto a localização das lesões, observou-se que nas duas regiões estudadas os MMII foram predominantes com 58,9% em Corte de Pedra e 77,2% em Buriticupu (c2 = 27,9 p = 0,05), havendo maior ocorrência de lesão ulcerada nas duas regiões. IDRM foi positiva em 61 (78,2%) crianças provenientes de Corte de Pedra, não havendo diferença estatística significativa entre as faixas etárias e a positividade do teste (c2 = 0,0669 p = 0,05).
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Os objetivos deste trabalho são avaliar risco ocupacional de exposição ao HIV entre estudantes de medicina, avaliar o conhecimento e o uso das medidas de biossegurança e a cobertura da vacinação contra hepatite B. Questionário específico foi aplicado a 136 estudantes de medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. A maioria da população avaliada, 87 (64%) estudantes relataram participar de procedimentos cirúrgicos, 68 (50%) já sofreram algum tipo de exposição a sangue, 90 (66,2%) afirmaram conhecer as medidas universais de biossegurança e 33 (24,3%) relataram conhecer os procedimentos em caso de exposição a sangue contaminado. A população avaliada apresenta alto risco de exposição a material biológico e cerca de um terço desta tem baixo nível de conhecimento das medidas de biossegurança, apesar de fazer uso delas. Torna-se necessário a utilização de estratégias como ensino formal, treinamento em serviço e criação de serviços especializados em biossegurança para a modificação desta realidade.
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No período de julho a setembro de 1998 foram coletadas 152 pulgas em 18 exemplares da raposa Cerdocyon thous capturados na área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral de Jacobina, Estado da Bahia. As pulgas foram identificadas como: 136 Rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi, 11 Pulex irritans, 2 Ctenocephalides canis, 1 Ctenocephalides felis felis e 2 Xenopsylla cheopis.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of molecular methodologies to access human papillomavirus genome in the genital tract. Samples from 136 women aged 17 to 52 years old obtained from the Dr. Sérgio Franco Laboratories between 2000 and 2001, were analyzed by the hybrid capture assay and amplified by PCR with generic primers MY09/MY11 and specific primers for types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 58. Viral genome was detected in 71.3% of the samples by hybrid capture and 75% by amplification. When cytopathology was used as a reference method for screening lesions, hybrid capture (p=0) and amplification (p=0.002) presented positive association. The 3 methods showed absolute agreement when cytopathology confirmed papillomavirus infection and high grade intraepithelial lesion. Disagreements occurred for 10 cases: seven inflammatory cases positive by PCR and negative for hybrid capture and 3 low squamous intraepithelial lesions positive for hybrid capture but negative for amplification. In conclusion, hybrid capture was shown to be sensitive and specific enough for use in clinical routines. Moreover, the evaluation of viral load values obtained by this method were shown to be related to the severity of the lesion and merit further studies to analyze the possible association with risk of progression to malignancy.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Neste trabalho, realizou-se análise faunística de flebotomíneos e levantamento dos índices de infestações (intra e peridomicílio) na área urbana de Ponta Porã/MS, de setembro de 2005 a agosto de 2007. MÉTODOS: As coletas foram realizadas com armadilhas automáticas luminosas do tipo CDC, instaladas mensalmente durante três noites consecutivas, das 18h às 6h. RESULTADOS: Foram capturados 3.946 flebotomíneos, pertencentes a oito espécies, com amplo predomínio de Lutzomyia longipalpis, apresentando os maiores índices de frequência, constância, abundância e dominância. Do total capturado, 82,9% foram de machos e 17,1% fêmeas. A média mensal de machos capturados (136,29 ± 152,01) foi significativamente maior que o número médio de fêmeas. Embora não tenham sido constatadas diferenças significativas, verificou-se que a incidência média de flebotomíneos no peridomicílio foi maior do que no intradomicílio. Uma análise de correlação revelou que três variáveis ambientais medidas (temperatura máxima, umidade relativa e precipitação pluviométrica), correlacionaram-se positivamente de forma significativa com a abundância de flebotomíneos. CONCLUSÕES: Constitui-se motivo de alerta a predominância de L. longipalpis no município de Ponta Porã, visto que implica na possibilidade de surtos de leishmaniose visceral na área, pois essa espécie é o principal vetor da Leishmania chagasi no estado bem como em outras localidades do Brasil.