Revisão de Pseudoparlatoria (Hemiptera, Diaspididae)

Revisou-se a taxonomia das espécies incluídas em Pseudoparlatoria Cockerell, 1892, através do exame das séries tipo, exemplares obtidos nas localidades-tipo e material disponível em coleções científicas. Foram redescritas: P. argentata Hempel, 1912; P. browni McKenzie, 1963; P. campinensis Lepage & Giannotti, 1946; P. carolilehmanni Balachowsky, 1959; P. caucae Balachowsky, 1959; P. circularis Lepage, 1942; P. constricta Fonseca, 1975; P. elongata Ferris, 1941; P. fuscaFerris, 1941; P. fusiformisFonseca, 1969; P. lentigo Ferris, 1942; P. maculata Ferris, 1942; P. noacki Cockerell, 1898; P. occultata (Hempel, 1937); P. ostreataCockerell, 1892; P. parlatorioides(Comstock, 1883); P. perparvula Ferris, 1942; P. pisai (Hempel, 1904); P. punctata Ferris, 1942; P. rossetae Fonseca, 1969; P. serrulata Townsend & Cockerell, 1898; P. subcircularis Balachowsky, 1959; P. tillandsiae Tippins, 1970; P. trimaculata Lepage & Giannotti, 1946; P. turgida Ferris, 1941. Duas novas combinações são estabelecidas, P. mammata(Ferris, 1941); P. sculpta (Ferris, 1941). Uma chave para identificação das espécies é apresentada.

Culicoides huaynacapaci, a new species from the Department of Cajamarca, Peru (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)

A new species of Culicoides of the subgenus Mataemyia Vargas, Culicoides huaynacapaci Felippe-Bauer, is described and illustrated based on female and male specimens collected biting humans in Department of Cajamarca, in Peruvian Amazonia. The new species is compared with its similar congener C. albuquerquei Wirth & Blanton.

A new species of Alpaida (Araneae, Araneidae) from Caxiuanã National Forest, Oriental Amazonia, Brazil

Alpaida guto n. sp. is described based on males and females from State of Pará, Brazil. This species appears to be the most abundant Alpaida O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 species in Caxiuanã National Forest, eastern Amazonia. The males seem to be close to A. antonio Levi, 1988 but can be easily distinguished by the terminal apophysis with rounded distal lobe and long, slender basal prong; females differ from those of A. yotoco Levi, 1988 by the median lobe with a basal constriction and by the bilobed median plate.

Microsatellite genotyping from faeces of Lontra longicaudis from southern Brazil

A genetic study of the neotropical river otter Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818), which has an unknown conservation status, was carried out at the Taim Ecological Station and the margins of the Vargas stream, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Faecal samples were collected, and DNA was extracted using a silica-guanidine method. Five microsatellite loci were amplified using PCR with heterologous primers previously described for Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758). Sixteen faecal samples out of 29 from Taim and 11 out of 14 from Vargas stream margins contained enough DNA for genetic analysis. A total of 49 different alleles were found at both localities, from which 18 were exclusively found in individuals from Taim and 17 were exclusives from Vargas individuals. The most common allele was the same at both locations for three loci (Lut715, Lut733, and Lut818). A high level of genetic diversity was found at both sites (NeTaim=4.1, HoTaim=0.299, HeTaim=0.681; NeVargas=4.9, HoVargas=0.355, HeVargas=0.724), being higher at the Vargas stream site. A high and significant level of heterozygote deficiency was observed at most loci according to the χ2 test. The homogeneity χ2 test (P<0.001) showed that there were significant differences in the allele frequencies between the two locations. Genotyping for more than one locus was possible in 81.5% of samples, from which only 37% were possible to genotype for more than three loci. A low degree of relatedness was found among individuals from Taim (R=0.055±0.310), but an even lower value of relatedness was found at the Vargas site (R= -0.285±0.440). The significant degree of differentiation (I=0.890; F ST=0.059) found between Taim and Vargas individuals suggests that there is more than one population of otters in the southern extreme of Brazil, which probably are associated with the water body systems found in this region, the Mirim and the Caiuvá/Flores/Mangueira Lagoons. The high genetic diversity and low relatedness found at the Vargas stream, lead us to believe that the Vargas stream may be acting as a corridor between these water bodies for otter dispersion.

Hapalopus aymara a new species of tarantula from Bolivia (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)

A new species of Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae) from Bolivia is described and illustrated, based in males and females.

Espécies novas de Ischnoptera (Blattellidae, Blattellinae) do Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil e considerações sobre I. similis

Três espécies novas de Ischnoptera Burmeister, 1838 do Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil são descritas (I. miuda, I. irregulata, I. pantaneira). Ilustrações da genitália do macho e fêmea são apresentadas. Ischnoptera cristata nom. nov. para I. similis Rocha e Silva, 1984, non I. similis R. S.-Albuquerque & Lopes, 1977.

A new species of Neosilba (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) from Brazil

A new species of Neosilba McAlpine, 1962, N. pradoi sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This new species was found in the south of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), in the southeast (State of São Paulo) and center west (State of Mato Grosso do Sul). It has been reared from fruits of guava (Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae), "araçá" (Psidium cattleyanum, Myrtaceae), "guabiroba" (Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Myrtaceae), Surinam cherry (Malpighia emarginata, Malpighiaceae), cherry (Prunus avium, Rosaceae), orange (Citrus sinensis, Rutaceae), "ingá" (Inga laurina, Fabaceae), "esporão-de-galo" (Celtis iguanae, Ulmaceae) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis, Passifloraceae).

Acanthotylotra alvarengai (Porifera, Demospongiae) new genus and species of sponge from Tocantins river, Pará State, Brazil

Acanthotylotra a new monotypic genus of freshwater sponge is defined. Its sole species A. alvarengai sp. nov. is described based upon microscopic specimens recovered from the Tocantins river, Pará State, Brazil, when the deep rocky substrate was temporarily exposed downstream from the dam at the time it was closed for lake formation. A unique set of megascleres, allied to the paucity of spongin, the renieroid skeleton and the fact that gemmules or new specimens remain undetected, call for the proposition of a new monospecific genus to be retained as incertae sedis until new larger and probably gemmuliferous specimens come to be found.

Sinopse das espécies neotropicais do grupo brasiliensis do gênero Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)

São descritas e ilustradas Apenesia longa sp. nov., A. peccata sp. nov., A. magna sp. nov., A. permaxima sp. nov., A. perconcava sp. nov. e A. recta sp. nov. da região Neotropical. São adicionados dados novos de variações estruturais e distribuição geográfica de A. transversa Evans, 1963, A. spinipes Evans, 1969, A. tlahuicana Evans, 1963, A. triangula Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. megaventris Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. venezuelana Evans, 1963, A. acia Lanes & Azevedo, 2004 e A. ventosa Azevedo & Batista, 2002. Duas sinonímias novas são propostas: A. peruana Evans, 1963 como sinônimo junior de A. brasiliensis (Kieffer, 1910); A. subangulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002 como sinônimo junior de A. fulvicollis (Westwood, 1874), esta ultima considerada dentro ao grupo nitida. É fornecida uma chave de identificação para as espécies do grupo, baseada em machos.

Drosophilidae (Diptera) associated to fungi: differential use of resources in anthropic and Atlantic Rain Forest areas

This study investigates the Drosophilidae species associated to fruiting bodies of fungi in forested and anthropized environments of the Atlantic Rain Forest Biome, in south and southeastern Brazil. We collected samples of imagoes flying over and emerging from fruiting bodies of species of five fungi families, in six collection sites. We obtained 18 samples, from which emerged 910 drosophilids of 31 species from the genera Drosophila Fallen, 1823, Hirtodrosophila Duda, 1923, Leucophenga Mik, 1886, Mycodrosophila Oldenberg, 1914, Scaptomyza Hardy, 1849, Zaprionus Coquillett, 1901 and Zygothrica Wiedemann, 1830. The Drosophila species collected on fungi, as well as Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970, had previously been recorded colonizing fruits, demonstrating their versatility in resource use. Most of these species belong to the immigrans-tripunctata radiation of Drosophila. Our records expands the mycophagous habit (feeding or breeding on fungi) to almost all species groups of this radiation in the Neotropical region, even those supposed to be exclusively frugivorous. Assemblages associated to fungi of forested areas were more heterogeneous in terms of species composition, while those associated to fungi of anthropized areas were more homogeneous. The drosophilids from anthropized areas were also more versatile in resource use.

Novo gênero e espécie de Blattellidae (Blattaria) da região Amazônica, Brasil

Descreve-se um novo gênero (Chorisomaculata), similar a Chorisoneura Brunner, 1865 e uma nova espécie (Chorisomaculata manauensis) do estado do Amazonas. A genitália do macho é ilustrada.

Assemblages of drosophilids (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in mangrove forests: community ecology and species diversity

Brazilian fauna of drosophilids has been researched in various ecosystems, but those in mangrove forests remain overlooked in Brazil and elsewhere. The present study attempts to characterise the assemblages of drosophilids of this environment, based on 28 collections taken in three mangrove areas in Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil. The three mangroves surveyed were different in their surroundings, which varied from highly urbanised areas to conservation areas with natural vegetation. Overall, 69 species were collected, and no remarkable difference was detected in species composition and abundances or in the richness, evenness and heterogeneity between sites. The species abundance distribution observed fitted to a theoretical lognormal distribution in the three mangroves. The species richness scored and the performance of the species richness estimators showed an unexpectedly high diversity, considering the very low floristic diversity and the harsh conditions of the environment. Regarding species composition and abundances, the drosophilid mangrove assemblages were shown to be more similar to those found in open environments, with a marked dominance of exotic species. Finally, considering the apparent lack of feeding and breeding sites, we suggest that mangrove forests are acting as sink habitats for the drosophilids populations.

O gênero Eustala (Araneae, Araneidae) no sul do Brasil: duas espécies novas, descrições complementares e novas ocorrências

Eustala levii sp. nov. e E. palmares sp. nov. são descritas do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com base em ambos os sexos. Os machos de E. albiventer (Keyserling, 1884), E. taquara (Keyserling, 1892) e E. photographica Mello-Leitão, 1944, são descritos pela primeira vez e as fêmeas são redescritas. Eustala sanguinosa (Keyserling, 1893) é considerada sinônimo de E. albiventer. Eustala photographica, descrita da Argentina, é registrada pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Novas ocorrências ampliam a distribuição geográfica de E. minuscula (Keyserling, 1892) e E. saga (Keyserling, 1893).

Sobre o gênero Diaspidistis (Hemiptera, Diaspididae), com a descrição de duas espécies novas

O gênero Diaspidistis Hempel, 1900 foi estudado. Foram redescritas Diaspidistis multilobis Hempel, 1900 e D. squamosa Hempel, 1937. Novas combinações são propostas: D. gomescostai (Lepage & Giannotti, 1946), D. memorabilis (Ferris, 1941), D. multipunctata (Lepage & Giannotti, 1946) e D. petasata (Ferris, 1942). São descritas e ilustradas duas espécies novas: Diaspidistis fonsecai sp. nov. e Diaspidistis tucumanensis sp. nov. Uma chave para identificação das espécies é apresentada baseada em fêmeas adultas.

Una especie nueva de Cheiropteronema (Nematoda, Molineidae) en Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) en la Argentina

Se describe a Cheiropteronema striatum sp. nov. parásita del murciélago Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823). Se caracteriza por presentar vesícula cefálica estriada, superficie de los huevos con puntuaciones, espículas iguales, nacimiento simétrico del ala espicular, particular disposición y número de crestas del synlophe y por carecer de diente esofágico. Es la segunda especie del género y la primera que se registra en quirópteros frugívoros de la Argentina.