237 resultados para Programa de escritura inventada


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A Fortran77 program, SSPBE, designed to solve the spherically symmetric Poisson-Boltzmann equation using cell model for ionic macromolecular aggregates or macroions is presented. The program includes an adsorption model for ions at the aggregate surface. The working algorithm solves the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in the integral representation using the Picard iteration method. Input parameters are introduced via an ASCII file, sspbe.txt. Output files yield the radial distances versus mean field potentials and average molar ion concentrations, the molar concentration of ions at the cell boundary, the self-consistent degree of ion adsorption from the surface and other related data. Ion binding to ionic, zwitterionic and reverse micelles are presented as representative examples of the applications of the SSPBE program.

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In this paper, the atom economy concepts are applied in a series of experiments during an experimental organic chemistry class, to implement "green chemistry" in an undergraduate course.

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The Brazilian effort on R&D of products from the national biodiversity dates back to the 70's. The Central de Medicamentos - CEME - was tailored to add scientific and technological competence to the production of pharmaceutical drugs derived from the Brazilian biodiversity by means of the Research Programme on Medicinal Plants - PPPM. Although previous to the Convention on Biological Diversity - CBD - and to the current debate and the ever-growing interest on phytomedicines, CEME has historical importance in the present governmental efforts on fostering the R&D on phytomedicines. This article makes a historical redemption of the PPPM, the actions and the results in the course of its existence.

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This work presents a proposal for the management of residues from teaching laboratories. The main goals of the proposal are: scale reduction of experiments, reuse of residues as raw materials for new experiments and appropriate treatment and storage of residues. The methodology includes standardized labels for residue classification and registration of experimental classes and their residues in files. The management seemed to be efficient, resulting in a reduction of the amount of reagents utilized and residues generated, and an increase of reutilization of residues. A considerable decrease of needed storage space and suitable methods for correct residue disposal were achieved. We expect that all laboratories, including those exclusively for research activities, become involved, in a near future, in the Residue Management Project of URI - Campus Erechim.

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A new computer program has been developed to help the users of force methods for magnetic moment determination. It provides a user-friendly interface for the calculation of corrected magnetic susceptibilities of paramagnetic materials and enables the user to simulate a number of chemical formulations for the sample under study. The program is written in the Perl scripting language and runs on a Unix platform.

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The aim of this work is to establish a program for the treatment of chemical residues and waste waters at the Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP), for environmental preservation and training of staff. Five tons of stored residues and the ones currently generated in the laboratories have to be treated. Rational use of water is also part of the program. The traditional purification by distillation has been replaced by purification with ion exchange resins. Lower energy consumption and better water quality were achieved.

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Medicines are essential instruments to the preservation, maintenance and promotion of Health. The access to the medicine represents an important factor of social inclusion, depending on the availability of the pharmaceutical - active principle contained in the medicine that in 85% of the cases has a synthetic origin. In this scenario the importance of knowing how to make pharmaceuticals and medicines plays a significant role for the viability of the autonomous Health politics necessary for the demands of the major Nations. In this context, this work describes concisely the main aspects involved in the interdisciplinary drug discovery process, identifying the possible gorges for the successful development of innovative drugs in Brazil.

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EPR users often face the problem of extracting information from frequently low-resolution and complex EPR spectra. Simulation programs that provide a series of parameters, characteristic of the investigated system, have been used to achieve this goal. This work describes the general aspects of one of those programs, the NLSL program, used to fit EPR spectra applying a nonlinear least squares method. Several motion regimes of the probes are included in this computational tool, covering a broad range of spectral changes. The meanings of the different parameters and rotational diffusion models are discussed. The anisotropic case is also treated by including an orienting potential and order parameters. Some examples are presented in order to show its applicability in different systems.

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The NAS/CNPq programme in Chemistry ran from 1969 to 1974, and brought recent PhD and post-doctoral chemists to the Chemistry Institutes at the University of São Paulo and the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The purpose was to create and direct new research topics in selected areas of chemistry, and participate in the post-graduate programmes. As a participant in this programme, I present my personal views, some background information, and an evaluation of this programme for the advance of synthetic organic chemistry in Brazil.

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Intralaboratorial and interlaboratorial variabilities can be obtained by conducting an specially designed interlaboratory program. Using the analysis of variance technique one can calculate the r (repeatability) and R (reproducibility) indexes that can help participant laboratories to monitor their routine quality control procedures. An example is described using data obtained from an interlaboratory program where twelve laboratories determined total iron content in silicon metal sample by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a opinião do interno de Medicina sobre o seu aprendizado e a importância de ter participado do "Programa de aprendizado médico através de visitas domiciliares junto aos agentes comunitários da região de Capuava". MÉTODO: Estudo quali-quantitativo prospectivo, com avaliação feita por meio de questionários de autopreenchimento, relatórios de experiências relevantes, discussões abertas e observação participante. RESULTADOS: Na opinião dos alunos, a contribuição da visita domiciliar ao seu conhecimento foi considerada: ruim (2,8%), regular (14,1%), boa (50,7%) e ótima (32,5%). Houve contribuição das visitas ao componente afetivo em 91,3%, ao cognitivo em 62% e ao psicomotor em 56,3%. O aspecto positivo mais citado foi o fato de essas visitas mostrarem a realidade da população (70,8%); e o mais negativo foi o pequeno tempo de estágio (19,4%). Os internos expressaram suas percepções em relação à comunidade, ao valor do agente comunitário e às falhas do ensino médico tradicional. CONCLUSÕES: Na opinião dos alunos, as visitas domiciliares contribuíram para seu conhecimento da prática médica. Essa contribuição foi mais expressiva no que se refere ao domínio afetivo. As percepções sobre a comunidade podem auxiliar na futura atuação médica.

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A problematização, quando realizada na comunidade, potencializa a interação com a realidade. Um tema que pode ser destacado na prática da atenção primária é o diagnóstico precoce. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar uma experiência de problematização com o segundo ano de Medicina da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Sorocaba. Foi realizado um estudo transversal no período de agosto a setembro de 2004 nos bairros onde está implantado o Programa Saúde da Família (PSF). Utilizou-se o Self Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) como instrumento de rastreamento dos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC). Também foram obtidas informações sociodemográficas e de co-morbidade. Os resultados foram apresentados à Prefeitura para a definição da intervenção. Realizadas as entrevistas com 184 indivíduos, a prevalência de TMC foi de 35,3%, havendo diferença significante na prevalência segundo idade, co-morbidade, renda per capita, bairro e escolaridade. A estratégia de intervenção proposta dividiu-se em individual e coletiva, consistindo na referência dos possíveis portadores de TMC para consulta, terapia comunitária e trabalho em promoção à saúde. O trabalho realizado se mostrou uma eficaz metodologia de ensino. Os alunos entraram em contato com uma realidade social díspar da sua, que os conduziu a reflexões úteis na sua formação humana e acadêmica.