426 resultados para produtos derivados do sangue
Resumo:
Foi avaliada a eficácia de produtos alternativos aos agroquímicos no controle da antracnose na pós-colheita de mangas 'Ubá'. Frutos fisiologicamente maduros foram pulverizados até o completo molhamento, com suspensão de conídios de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, na concentração de 2,5 x 10(5) conídios/mL. Após a secagem ao ar, foram pulverizados com água destilada (testemunha), tween 20 (8 mL/L de solução), Prochloraz (1,10 mL de Sportak 450 EC/L de solução), óleo de alho (10 mL/L + 8 mL/L de tween 20), óleo de amêndoa de Acrocomia aculeata + leite em pó instantâneo (LPI) (25 mL/L+ 10 g LPI/L), óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + tween (25 mL/L + 8 mL/L de tween 20), biofertilizante agro-mos® (100 µL/L), óleo de neen (10 mL/L + 8 mL/L de tween 20), quitosana (10 mL/L + 8 mL/L de tween 20) e biomassa cítrica (10 mL/L + 8 mL/L tween 20).O solvente utilizado foi água destilada. Avaliaram-se o período de incubação, o período latente, a perda de massa fresca, a produção de CO² e, diariamente, a severidade e incidência da doença. Os períodos mais curtos de incubação da doença foram observados nos frutos tratados com óleo de neen, água + tween e biomassa cítrica, com aproximadamente cinco dias. O óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI e agro-mos® foram os produtos que mais retardaram o aparecimento dos sintomas, impondo à doença o período de incubação de nove dias após a inoculação do patógeno. Quanto à severidade, o óleo de amêndoa de macaúba + LPI e o Prochloraz foram os mais eficientes em conter o crescimento do patógeno até o oitavo dia após a inoculação, sendo que, logo depois, os frutos tratados com óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI se igualaram àqueles tratados com a maioria dos demais produtos. Os frutos tratados com óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI e óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + tween manifestaram as estruturas do patógeno apenas após 13 e 14 dias de avaliação, respectivamente. As maiores perdas de massa foram observadas nos frutos tratados com óleo de alho e biomassa cítrica, com 8,31% e 8,44%, respectivamente, no dia 14. Quanto à produção de CO², o óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI e óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + tween mantiveram a taxa respiratória crescente, sendo que, no dia 12 ocorreu um leve aumento na respiração. Dessa forma, conclui-se que, além do Prochloraz, o óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI e óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + tween têm bom potencial para controle da antracnose em manga 'Ubá'.
Resumo:
Avaliaram-se as características de qualidade de pequi (C. coriaceum) congelado e acondicionado em diferentes embalagens, armazenados a -18º C, durante 300 dias. Os frutos, coletados na safra de 2009/2010, foram descascados, obtendo-se assim os caroços, que, após sanificados, foram submetidos a 3 tipos de embalagens: 1 - Cortados em lâminas de aproximadamente 2 mm de espessura de polpa e seladas a vácuo em polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD); 2 - Caroços embalados e selados a vácuo em sacos de PEAD; 3 - Caroços dispostos em bandejas de poliestireno expandido e envoltos por filme plástico. As amostras foram avaliadas aos 0; 60; 120; 180; 240 e 300 dias de armazenamento. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, e os resultados foram submetidos a análises de variância e regressão. O congelamento do pequi submetido aos três tipos de acondicionamento foi eficiente na preservação das características de qualidade como: pH, acidez titulável e açúcares totais durante 300 dias de armazenamento. Os teores de carotenoides e polifenóis extraíveis totais mostraram redução acentuada no acondicionamento da polpa a vácuo. A forma mais indicada de congelamento do pequi para a manutenção da cromaticidade é o acondicionamento do caroço a vácuo ou em bandeja com filme de PVC.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de produtos alternativos e de refrigeração, com posterior aplicação de etileno, sobre a qualidade de ameixas ‘Reubennel’, a fim de prolongar o período de comercialização. Os produtos aplicados logo após a colheita foram: biomassa cítrica (Ecolife®)- 150 mL (p.c.) 100 L-1 por 30 s; vapor de etanol - 2 mL kg-1 por 2 h (20ºC/80%UR), e cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2) - 1% (p/v) por 10 min. Em seguida, os frutos foram armazenados a 0ºC/95%UR. Após 17 e 33 dias, três caixas de cada tratamento, com 40 frutos cada, foram removidas da câmara de refrigeração, sendo uma das caixas segregada para análises, enquanto as outras duas foram transferidas para 20oC/85%UR por mais 4 dias. Destas caixas, uma de cada tratamento foi submetida à climatização, através da aplicação de etileno (100 uL L-1, 72 h) em minicâmara (200 L). Procedeu-se à avaliação da qualidade dos frutos ao zero; 17; 17+4; 33 e 33+4 dias, através de análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado para os produtos alternativos e em fatorial (4x2) para a combinação com a climatização. Concluiu-se que o tratamento pós-colheita das ameixas com vapor de etanol reduz a população microbiana, bem como proporciona incremento dos sólidos solúveis. As ameixas ‘Reubennel’ podem ser armazenadas por até 33 dias sob refrigeração (0ºC/95%UR), seguindo-se a climatização com etileno e,imediatamente, comercializadas.
Resumo:
The hydroformylation reaction represents one of the most important C1-chemistry area in the chemical industry. This catalytic process, which has been developed up to now mainly to the production of commodities chemicals, has shown a remarkable potential for the preparation of several categories of specialty chemicals and in particular pharmaceutical compounds. Arylpropanoic acids, various amines containing aryl groups, and intermediates for the preparation of vitamins, carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds and many other classes of organic molecules endowed with pharmacological activity are currently accessible in good-to-high yields through hydroformylation of selected olefinic substrates. The asymmetric hydroformylation is going to reach the stage of maturity and hence to contribute in solving many troublesome synthetic problems connected with the preparation of pharmacologically active compounds with very high enantiomeric purity. The present survey emphasizes the usefulness of synthesis gas as a starting material in fine chemistry, which is expected to be important for industry.
Resumo:
The contribution of the industrial activities to the environmental contamination phenomena is evident. Great efforts are dedicated to the establishment of methodologies which permits an adequate treatment of the produced effluents, as a manner of minimizing the environmental impact of these wastes. The methodologies based on photocatalytic processes are very promise alternatives, because permits degradation of a great number of chemical substances of high toxic potential, without the use of other chemicals. The present work is an overview about the principal environmental aspects related with the paper and cellulose industry and the main alternatives employed for the reduction of environmental impact produced for its residues. The principal results of the photocatalytic treatment of this kind of effluents using metallic semiconductors is also showed.
Resumo:
Pimaradienes, including isopimaradienes, with an endocyclic double bond between C-9 and C-11 are uncommon compounds in nature. The diterpenoid pimar-9(11),15-dien-19-oic acid (1) was isolated from Mikania triangularis (Asteraceae) and the correct stereochemistry of 1was established by ¹H and 13C NMR studies of several oxidative products, mainly epoxides, of this compound and its double bond isomers.
Resumo:
The preparation and chemical potentiality of a,a-dichlorocyclobutanones as useful intermediates in the total synthesis of natural products are reviewed. Some aspects related to the recent advances reported in the literature about the mechanism of [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between dichloroketene and olefins are also presented.
Resumo:
The sesquiterpene (+)-allo-aromadendrane-10b-14-diol 1 was the lead compound to the preparation of several derivatives in order to test their biological activity against A. salina, C. sphaerospermum, E. coli and S. aureus. In this way the monoalcohols (+)-viridiflorol 4, 9 and 11 were synthesized from 1 together with the acetal 6, the ketal 7, and the ketone 8. The oxirane 3 and nitrile 5 were also prepared using as an intermediate the tosylate derivative 2.
Resumo:
In this contribution a few new gold(I)phosphine complexes, [2-(PPh2)C6H4CO 2H]AuX (where X = Cl, SCN, Br3) and a similar gold(III) derivative [{2-(PPh2)C6H4CO 2H}AuIII Cl (C6H4CH2NMe2 )]Cl have been synthesised and characterised. The phosphine, 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid, has been employed for the first time in gold chemistry. This ligand is potentially bidentate through bonding of the phosphine and carboxylate groups. The X-ray structure of the complex chloro[2-(diphenylphosphino) benzoic acid]gold(I) has been elucidated and the bond lengths encountered show great similarity to those of chloro(triphenylphosphine)gold(I). [2-(PPh2)C6H4CO 2H]AuCl crystallises in the space group P2(1)/c with a = 9.113(2) Å, b = 10.925(2) Å, c = 23.069(4) Å, beta = 99.95º(3), V = 2299 ų, Z = 4 and R = 0.091. Biological tests for anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity demostrate that [2-(PPh2)C6H4CO 2H]AuCl exhibits broad spectrum activity against a range of organisms.
Resumo:
The synthesis and NMR analysis of seven new 4-(aryl)amino-5-carboethoxy-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridines (7-13) are described. The synthetic approach used involved the preparation of intermediates 5-aminopyrazol (4), the enamine derivative (5) and the 4-chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (6). Compounds (7-13) were obtained by treatment of 6 with the desired aniline. The structures of new heterocyclic compounds and their precursors intermediates were assigned on the basis of spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments [¹H; 13C{¹H} and DEPT; ¹H x ¹H - COSY; ¹H x13C - COSY, nJ CH, n = 1, 2 or 3 (HETECOR and COLOC)].
Resumo:
Laser excitation of 0.01 M solutions of 1-indanone (Ia), 1-tetralone (Ib), 1-benzosuberone (Ic), and their a,a -dimethyl derivatives IIa-c, respectively, in benzene, produced transients with maximum absorption at 425 nm, and lifetimes ranging from 62 ns (IIa) to 5.5ms (Ic). Quenching studies using well known triplet quenchers such as 1,3-cyclohexadiene and oxygen demonstrated the triplet nature of these transients. In the presence of hydrogen donors, such as 2-propanol, the triplet state decay of the ketones Ia-c leads to the formation of the corresponding ketyl radicals, i.e. IIIa-c, which show absorption spectra very similar to the parent ketone, with lmax at 430 nm and lifetime in excess of 20 ms. Steady state irradiations show that the a,a -dimethyl ketones IIa and IIc form ortho-alkyl benzaldehydes probably derived from an initial a-cleavage of the corresponding triplet excited states.
Resumo:
Herein we describe the isolation of homarine and piridiniumbetaine B from the sponge Aaptos sp. Although homarine has a common occurrence among animals, piridiniumbetaine B was only recently isolated from the marine sponge Agelas dispar. The isolation of piridiniumbetaine B from two taxonomically distant marine sponges corroborate previous assumptions that such betaines should be regarded rather as primary metabolites. We have also isolated (9-[5'-(methylthio)-beta-D-xylofuranosyl]adenine (xylosyl-MTA) from the mantle of a nudibranch identified as Doris aff. verrucosa. The occurrence of xylosyl-MTA in the mantle of this animal strongly suggests that it is the same nudibranch species described for the Mediterranean sea. We have been unable to detect any other compound in the mantle extract of D. aff. verrucosa other than xylosil-MTA and sterols. GC-MS analysis of the sterol fraction from the nudibranch and its prey, the sponge Hymeniacidon aff. heliophila, revealed the occurrence of the ubiquitous sterols, cholesterol, brassicasterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholesterol, as the only common metabolites, therefore precluding any assumption concerning the sequestration of secondary metabolites by the nudibranch from H. aff. heliophila.
Resumo:
This work describes the more promising chemical and pharmacological or biological results obtained with some selected Brazilian medicinal plants, which has been conducted at Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR)/UNIVALI in the last five years. It was found that several phytoconstituents exhibit different activities, such as antispasmodic, antiallergic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral. Some of them were more potent than some well-known standard drugs used clinically.
Resumo:
Molecular oxygen, in the first excited state (singlet oxygen, ¹O2), has a substantial reactivity towards electron-rich organic molecules, such as biological targets, including unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, RNA and DNA. Considering the complexity of biological systems and the great variety of reactive species generated by photochemistry, efforts have been devoted to develop suitable ¹O2 generators based on the thermolysis of water soluble naphthalene endoperoxides. These compounds are chemically inert and have been employed as versatile sources of ¹O2. The synthesis is based on structural modifications in position 1,4 of dimethylnaphtalene, grafting hydrophilic substituents. The correspondent endoperoxide can be generated using photochemical method, or molybdate-catalyzed disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide.
Resumo:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocabons (PAHs) and their nitroderivatives (NPAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment and they are produced in several industrial and combustion processes. Some of these compounds are potent carcinogens/mutagens and their determination in biological samples is an important step for exposure control. A review of the analytical methodologies used for the determination of PAHs and their metabolites in biological samples is presented.