Banco de sementes do solo em área agrícola sob diferentes sistemas de manejo estabelecida sobre campo natural

O conhecimento da ecologia de bancos de sementes do solo (BSS) contribui para a proposição de técnicas de manejo dos BSS de plantas espontâneas em lavouras estabelecidas sobre campo nativo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito de sistemas de cultivo, estabelecidos há três anos sobre campo nativo (Depressão Central do RS, 30º05'S, 51º40'O, altitude 46m e precipitação 1398mm), sobre o BSS. Num experimento com sete blocos, divididos em três parcelas (semeadura direta - SD, preparo reduzido - PR, e preparo convencional - PC), efetuaram-se duas avaliações (maio e outubro/2002) do BSS, em cada sistema. O BSS foi avaliado por meio de amostragem de solo, que foi posto a germinar em estufa, sendo as plântulas contadas e identificadas. Variáveis edáficas foram relacionadas com os dados de BSS. Os resultados indicam que diferentes sistemas de cultivo influenciam o BSS, e que determinadas espécies respondem diferentemente a estes efeitos. SD aumentou a riqueza do BSS, além de diminuir a quantidade de sementes de Brachiaria plantaginea, e aumentar Sida rhombifolia, sendo que para PR e PC ocorreu o inverso. A distribuição espacial do BSS, na área experimental, apresentou-se muito heterogênea. Variáveis edáficas, especialmente matéria orgânica, pH e fósforo, apresentaram associações com a variação da composição do BSS. Apesar das constatações, são necessários estudos de longo prazo para revelar a dinâmica dos BSS em cultivos na Depressão Central do RS.

"Estabilidade e pleno emprego": as origens do esquema de Kaldor para a análise da flutuação e do crescimento econômicos

Nicholas Kaldor is known as an author who often changed his mind throughout his career. This is the case of his analyses of the process of economic growth, in which he proposed various models leading to quite different and, occasionally, conflicting conclusions. Specifically, Kaldor changed his position concerning the stability of the full employment situation. This paper shows that, in spite of those changes, Kaldor in fact used different versions of the same basic analytical framework and that this framework has its origin in his paper "Stability and Full Employment" published in the Economic Journal in December 1938.

Welfare State e emprego em saúde nos países avançados desde o Pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial

The article analyzes the economic importance of the health activities in the developed countries in the last decades of the twentieth century. It takes into consideration the evolution of the weight of the employment in the health activities in European countries' and also in the United States' labour markets, which will be compared in an historical perspective. The evolution and the weight of the public expenditure in the health activities will also be taken into account so as to analyze the economic importance of the sector in the last decades of twentieth century. The role played by the political, economic and social context of the Post-Second World War in the construction of the system of social protection (Welfare State) and its effects over the health activities will be also considered.

Determinantes da recuperação do emprego formal no Brasil: evidências para o período 2001/2005 e hipoteses para uma agenda de pesquisa

Decisive factors affecting the recent increase in formal employment in Brazil. This paper gives a general overview of the evolution of labour market indicators between 1995 and 2005 in Brazil. It shows an overall increase in formal employment rates from 2001 to 2005, as opposite to what had happened from 1995 to 1999. It is argued that such recent trends might indicate the reconfiguration of the labour market in better terms, with potential positive consequences to the finance performance of the Social Security sector. The paper also examines some of the major factors associated with this new trend and their chances to maintain such tendency in the near future. It's important to notice that all of them may be subject to some kind of political management by the State. In other words, we suggest that there are suficient instruments and operative skills in the Brazilian State to make these and others factors work in favour of a more persistent strategy of development with social inclusion through labour.