220 resultados para Taxa de secagem
Resumo:
Objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar diferentes tipos de secagem e seus efeitos na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.). As sementes, com teor de água de 32%, foram secas à sombra até 9,9%, ao sol até 8,8% e em estufa de circulação forçada às temperaturas de 33 °C até 8,5% e 43 °C até 8,3% A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada pelos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência em areia e índice de velocidade de emergência. A temperatura de 43 °C proporcionou secagem mais rápida das sementes, com duração de 42 horas. Nas secagens a 33 °C, ao sol e a sombra, este período foi mais prolongado, com 54, 144 e 456 horas, respectivamente. A secagem à sombra proporcionou redução na qualidade fisiológica das sementes. As sementes secadas ao sol ou à temperatura de 33 °C não diferiram entre si quanto à qualidade fisiológica e foram superiores àquelas secadas à sombra; entretanto, a germinação foi inferior àquelas secadas a 43 °C, a partir dos 180 dias de armazenamento. A secagem à temperatura de 43 °C não afetou a germinação das sementes e reduziu ligeiramente o vigor, mesmo após 270 dias de armazenamento. Como a maior temperatura utilizada não afetou a germinação das sementes, isto sugere ter sido o tempo gasto na secagem das sementes é determinante para sua conservação. Sementes de pinhão manso podem ser secadas ao sol e sob temperaturas de 33 e 43 °C; temperatura de 43 °C proporciona menor tempo de secagem e melhor germinação e vigor de sementes de pinhão manso; secagem à sombra é prejudicial à qualidade de sementes de pinhão manso.
Resumo:
Nowadays, the belief is strong in the Brazilian federal government that operational central bank independence is a basic condition to assure price stability. The literature concerning this subject highlights that a high degree of independence and a low turnover of central bank governor are associated with low inflation. This paper analyzes the relation between central bank independence and inflation in Brazil during 1980-2002. The findings denote that there is no effect on inflation due to an increase in degree of independence and a fall in turnover rate.
Resumo:
After surpassed more than half a decade since the adoption of inflation targeting in Brazil, it can be seen that maintaining a high interest rate is inherent to the strategy for the conduction of the monetary policy. The objective of this paper is to show that the present policy for defining the basic interest rate of the economy, based on the response to inflation considering both market and administered prices, is onerous for the Brazilian society. Based on findings from empirical evidence in the period 1999-2004, the adoption of a core inflation, a change in the time horizon for definition of targets, and, in common agreement between Banco Central do Brasil and National Treasury, a definition of these inflation targets, as a framework to increase efficiency of the monetary regime, creates possibilities for proposing a reduction on the Selic rate.
Resumo:
Real exchange rate and economic growth: a comparison between emerging and developed economies. This paper presents a discussion on the relationship between economic growth and real exchange rate. The article presents the results generated by a dynamic panel that tested the relationship of economic growth with the level of the exchange rate, exchange rate volatility and the choice of exchange rate regime from 26 countries, 13 emerging and 13 developed. The results suggest that the level of the exchange rate and volatility are relevant for growth. Finally, the paper stresses that there are important differences when comparing developed and emerging economies.
Resumo:
Real exchange rate, exchange rate misalignment and economic growth in Brazil: 1994-2007. In this article we argue that the Brazilian economy presented in the period 1994-2007 a tendency of real exchange rate appreciation with respect to its equilibrium value, mainly from 2005. This exchange rate misalignment has worked to reduce the growth of Brazilian economy and is the root of the re-emergence of current account deficits.
Resumo:
Inflation target, real exchange rate and external crisis in a Kaleckian model. Which role should the real exchange rate play in an inflation target regime? In this paper this point is discussed from the point of view of the conditions required for avoiding an external crisis. With this objective, a dynamic Kaleckian model is presented focusing on the stability of the external debt to capital ratio. The main conclusion is that policy makers should monitor closely the evolution of the real exchange rate in order to make compatible the inflation target regime with external stability.
Resumo:
This paper investigates a topic of the agenda about growth models, emphasizing the elaboration of an external constrained model with endogenous elasticity, with an emphasis on real exchange rate level as main tool for the economic development. The model is anchored in Kaldor, Thirlwall and Barbosa Filho's models and it will demonstrate that external constraint changes in the course of time.
Resumo:
This paper investigates the hypothesis of Dutch disease in Brazil by the existence of a negative relationship between commodity exports and the real exchange rate, and the effects of export specialization in commodities on the Brazilian economic growth from 1999 to 2010 based on VAR model. The evidences suggested an expressive importance of commodities exports in explaining the real exchange rate changes. Moreover, commodities exports shocks were relevant to explain Brazilian economic growth rate changes, which supports the "curse" of natural resources literature.
Resumo:
Financial conventions and basic interest rate in Brazil. This article discusses the thesis that the Brazilian interest rate is a convention, focusing on the basic interest rate under the inflation targeting regime. On the one hand, there are some complications involved in this debate. In order to show this, we consider the theoretical works that have been references for the Brazilian economists who see an interest rate convention in the country. On the other hand, despite the difficulties, it is possible to find signs of conventionality in the determination of the Brazilian basic rate, by analyzing two properties of conventions: conformity of some with the conformity of others; and arbitrariness.
Resumo:
Este trabalho desenvolve a hipótese de que a taxa de juros brasileira é alta como resultado de mecanismos de transmissão monetária parcialmente obstruídos. Surgem falhas de transmissão devido às seguintes características da economia brasileira: (i) segmentação do mercado de crédito; (ii) baixa penetração do crédito livre dentro do processo de determinação de renda; (iii) truncada estrutura a termo da taxas de juros; (iv) a participação das LFT na composição da dívida pública; (v) a participação dos preços administrados no índice de preços ao consumidor. Para alcançar este resultado, o trabalho explora o modelo BMW e fornece algumas evidências preliminares.