Assessment of fish assemblages in streams of different orders in the Upper Paraná River basin, Central Brazil

The aim of this study was to test whether the richness observed and the biomass per trophic group of fish assemblages vary depending on the order (1st and 2nd) of the streams located in three different basins of the Upper Paraná River Basin, Central Brazil. Samples were collected between April and September, 2009, in 27 streams of the Meia Ponte, Piracanjuba and Santa Maria River basins. A total of 4,879 specimens were collected distributed in 59 species and 19 families. The statistical analyses carried out indicate that the observed richness and biomass of omnivore fish were influenced by the interaction of two factors: stream order and basin. The 2nd order streams located in the Santa Maria basin presented significant differences in the observed richness and omnivore biomass when compared to i) 1st order streams in the same basin (only richness) or in the Piracanjuba and Meia Ponte basin; ii) 2nd order streams in the Piracanjuba (only omnivore biomass) and Meia Ponte Rivers basins. Results are discussed considering the influence of geomorphic processes on fish assemblages and food availability.

Anurofauna de um remanescente alterado de floresta estacional semidecidual as margens do Rio Paranapanema

RESUMO Com o declínio evidente de populações de anfíbios causadas pela alteração do hábitat, muitas áreas que estão inseridas em hotspots do Brasil ainda precisam ser estudadas, a fim de aumentar o conhecimento sobre a anurofauna e fornecer melhores perspectivas de conservação. Um dos ecossistemas criticamente ameaçados é a Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES), cuja extensão foi reduzida a aproximadamente 7% da cobertura original, dispersos em pequenos fragmentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anurofauna de uma localidade inserida em paisagem de FES na região da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paranapanema, considerada uma lacuna geográfica no conhecimento de anfíbios. Além disso, foi avaliada a eficiência de métodos de amostragem de anuros e verificada a similaridade com taxocenoses inseridas em FES e/ou Cerrado de diferentes regiões da mesma bacia hidrográfica. O estudo foi conduzido nas margens do Rio Paranapanema, divisa dos estados de São Paulo e Paraná. Foram realizadas nove fases de campo trimestrais, entre novembro de 2005 a novembro de 2007 que resultou em um esforço de 45 dias de amostragem. Foram registradas 25 espécies de anfíbios anuros distribuídas em seis famílias. Pelo método de amostragem em sítio de reprodução obteve-se o maior registro de espécies (88,5%). O método de armadilhas de interceptação e queda também foi eficiente, proporcionando o registro de cerca de 45% das espécies, além de possibilitar o registro exclusivo de Physalaemus nattereri (Steindachner, 1863) eRhinella ornata (Spix, 1824). Além disso, 90% das espécies terrícolas registradas, que são tipicamente categorizadas como espécies de área aberta, foram registradas no interior dos remanescentes florestais por este método. Através da comparação com as outras taxocenoses, verificou-se uma alta dissimilaridade de espécies mesmo em áreas mais próximas e que a composição de espécies entre as localidades não está sendo determinada pela distância geográfica. Características distintas entre as espécies registradas, como modo reprodutivo e associação a diferentes hábitats, em conjunto com grau de diversidade encontrada entre as taxocenoses, deixa clara a importância da preservação desta região para a conservação de anfíbios.

Poderá o carrapato transmitir a lepra?: mais quatro amostras de culturas de bacilos acido-alcool resistentes obtidas de carrapatos (2 de "Amblyomma cajennense"e 2 de "Boophilus microplus") infectados em leprosos do Paraná: 3ª nota

The AA. carried out experiments in the leprosarium São Roque, State of Paraná, South Brazil, to verify if the cattle tick Boophilus microplus could be experimentally infected in lepers, which was true. The AA. Tried also to be ascertained if Boophilus microplus and Amblyomma cajennense could change of hosts during their feedings which was true, both ticks continue feeding, the last species for many days, after being transferred from one to another leper. The junior A. describes in full their experiments and also a dermatites caused by tick bites. The senior A. brought to Rio de Janeiro most of the infected ticks for examination, which revealed a very high positivity. He smeared the sediments of lots of both species of ticks in Loewenstein medium and after a variable periode of incubation at 37° C. he obtained four new samples of cultures of acid-fast organisms, two from Amblyomma cajennense and two from Boophilus microplus. These cultures are being studied and will be inoculated into laboratory animals. The senior A. inoculated new batches of white rats with sediments of many ticks infected in lepers. Various hypotheses of both previous notes upon the subject now are verified facts. The A. is accumulating facts to draw the conclusions in the future. He also suggested the leprosy workers in the interior of the country to cooperate with him in such important studies, specially in the habitat of lepers in the rural zones of various States.

Doença de Chagas no Estado do Paraná, Brasil: esboço epidemiológico

Novos dados são apresentados sôbre a distribuição geográfica dos transmissores e a incidência da doença de Chagas no Estado do Paraná, após uma revisão bibliográfica do assunto. Em cinco muncipios é assinalada a presença de Triatoma infestans naturalmente infectado por Schizotrypanum cruzi.

A doença de Chagas no Paraná

In recent speech in Curitiba (May 22nd, 1954), Dr. Mario Pinotti, Director, Serviço Nacional da Malaria, informed that his personnel started on February, 1953, a survey upon chagas Disease in 23 counties of the State of Paraná, South Brazil. out of 895 places surveyed, 678, or 75.7%, were infected by Triatoma infestans klug 1834 and in 234 out of those 678, or 34.5%, this vector was infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. The general natural infection of the insects examined reached 18.86%. The serological survey (Machado-Guerreiro test) was positive in 10.7% of the persons examined in jacarezinho and in 28.3% of those living in Bôa Vista. These data suggested the author to actualise the subject. During his control of severe outbreack of malaria in the North part of Paraná, from march to June 1917 he worked in 8 counties. March 1917 he photographed in Boa Vista four girls, severe cases of chronic malaria, two of which showed bi-palpebral oedema, later on considered by Dr. Pinho Simões (1943) as Romanã syndrome (created in 1935) and Prof. Salvador Mazza (1946) classified as typical cases of Chagas' Disease. now, being elapsed 36 years, the National Service of Malaria confirmed the discovery. The region surveyed was populated, in the beginning of this century, by immigrants from the State of Minas Gerais, from where the author believes that were imported the disease and its vectors. In April 1917 the A. discovered that the old town Jatahy was a big focus of Triatoma megista (now Panstrongylus megistus0. All its 43 houses were strongly infested by such hematophagus and amongst the 200 inhabitants seen many were suspicious cases of chronic cases of Chagas's Disease. In the Indians town (three tribes) of S. Pedro D' Alcantara, situated in front of Jatahy, in the left side of the river Tibagy, there were no Triatomas nor suspicious cases of trypanosomiasis. In 1919 the author started the control of the endemics by destroying the foci of Triatomas and reforming the housing. In 1946 he returned to jatahy and found the sanitary conditions of the town and its inhabitants much better. Climate of the region is favorable to spreading of all tropical diseases, being very suitable one for an extensive sanitary survey. In 1943 Dr. Pinho Simões examined 85 triatomas ( T. infestans) from six counties of the North region and found 40, or 46% infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. The highest incidences were; Joaquim Tavora 74.2% and Carlópolis 26.9%. These counties seem to be infested by Itaporanga county of São Paulo State. in 1953 Serviço nacional da Malária proved that 19 out of 23 counties surveyed were infested by Triatoma infestans. They examined 7,701 of this insect and found 1,453 positive for Trypanosoma cruzi, or 18.9%. in two counties, Jacarezinho and Sengés, were examined 2,588 human bloods, not selected, and 323, or 12.6% of such samples were positive for Chagas' Disease. This year the Malaria Service is doing insects survey in 25 other counties and DDTising infested domiciles of another eight. Such activity is very promising and should be extended to other places.

Angiostrongiloidíase abdominal: seis casos observados no Paraná e em Santa Catarina, Brasil

Apresenta-se o estudo clínico e anatomopatológico de seis casos de angiostrongiloidíase abdominal, observados no sudoeste do Paraná e oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Enfatiza a importância da divulgação da doença, a fim de que a mesma passe a fazer parte do diagnóstico diferencial do abdômen agudo, tanto em crianças como em adultos na citada região, devido ao aumento do número de casos nos últimos dois anos. O uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos na lavoura talvez esteja implicado com o surgimento, em maior escala, desta patologia.

Helmintos parasitos de peixes das usinas hidreléticas da Eletrosul (Brasil). II: Reservatórios de Salto Osório e de Salto Santiago, Bacia do Rio Iguaçu

Na Usina Hidrelátrica Salto Osório foram examinados 88 peixes, dos quais 24 (27,3%) encontravam-se parasitados por oito espécies de nematóides: Capillaria sp., formas imaturas de Contracoecum sp., Procamallanus peraccuratus Pinto et al., 1976, Procamallanus petterae Kohn & Fernandes, 1988, Raphidascaris sp., Spirocamallanus intermedius Pinto et al., 1974, Spirocamallanus pintoi Kohn & Fernandes, 1988 e Spirocamallanus sp., além de uma forma imatura de cestóide. Na Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Santiago, dos 83 peixes examinados, 32 (38,5%) apresentaram-se parasitados por três espécies de nematóides: Contracoecum sp. (forma larvar), Procamallanus peraccuratus e Raphydascaris sp., e uma especie de cestóide (forma larvar).

Novo gastrópode fóssil da bacia de São José de Itaboraí, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Endodontidae)

A new species of a very small land snail (Endodontidae) occurring in São José de Itaboraí limestone basin, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described in honour of zoologist Hugo de Souza Lopes. Austrodiscus Parodiz, 1957 is registered in the paleontological records, for the first time.

Trypanosoma nupelianus sp. n. (Protozoa, Kinetoplastida) parasitizing rhinelepis aspera (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae) from Paraná river, Brazil

It is described Trypanosoma nupelianus sp. n. parasitizing Rhinelepis aspera taken from Paraná river (Itaipu reservoir, Brazil). Morphometric characters such as body length, width of the body and nucleus dimensions show that T. nupelianus sp. n. is different from other trypanosomes described for fishes from tropical regions.