Phenotypic characterization of Schistosoma mansoni adult wormsrecovered from undernourished mice: a morphometric study focusing on the reproductive system

A morphometric study focusing on some features of the reproductive system of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms was performed, aiming to complete previously reported data concerning the effects of undernourishment of the host on the parasites. Male worms were significantly affected (p<0.05) regarding the testicular lobes.

The use of protein hydrolysate improves the protein intestinal absorption in undernourished mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni

Patients residing in endemic areas for schistosomiasis in Brazil are usually undernourished and when they develop the hepatosplenic clinical form of the disease should usually receive hospital care, many of them being in need of nutritional rehabilitation before specific treatment can be undertaken. In the mouse model, investigations carried out in our laboratory detected a reduced aminoacid uptake in undernourished animals which is aggravated by a superimposed infection with Schistosoma mansoni. However, in well-nourished infected mice no dysfunction occurs. In this study, we tried to improve the absorptive intestinal performance of undernourished mice infected with S. mansoni by feeding them with hydrolysed casein instead of whole casein. The values obtained for the coefficient of protein intestinal absorption (cpia) among well-nourished mice were above 90% (either hydrolysed or whole protein). In undernourished infected mice, however, the cpia improved significantly after feeding them with hydrolysed casein, animals reaching values close to those obtained in well-nourished infected mice.

Structural changes in the jejunal mucosa of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni, fed low or high protein diets

The effects of high and low-protein diets on the structure of the jejunal mucosa were studied in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice (morphology and histomorphometry). Weaning male albino mice were infected with 80 cercariae, fed with high (20%) or low-protein (5%) diets and compared to uninfected controls under the same conditions. Mice were sacrificed 12 weeks after infection. Animals submitted to a low-protein diet showed lower weight curves, mainly when infected. In the jejunal mucosa, finger-like villi were the predominant pattern among uninfected high-protein fed animals, while the infected ones showed leaf-shaped and flattened villi in most cases. Undernourished infected mice had 65.7% leaf-shaped villi. A significant increase in the number of goblet cells was seen in infected mice. A decrease in the number of absorptive cells was detected in undernourished mice, particularly in infected ones.

Esquistossomose na área hiperendêmica de Taquarendi: I Infecção pelo Schistosoma mansoni e formas graves

A localidade de Taquarendi (Bahia) está situada em zona de caatinga, porém com pequena faixa de terra irrigada, onde se encontram caramujos Biomphalaria glabrata. Dos 1.532 habitantes, 1.105 (72,1%) submeteram-se ao exame clínico e, destes, 1.058 (95,7%) fizeram exame parasitológico de fezes. A prevalência da esquistossomose foi de 73,1%, sendo que 16,2% destes eliminavam mais de 1.000 ovos por grama de fezes. O exame clínico mostrou que o lobo esquerdo do fígado estava aumentado e/ou endurecido em 54% dos pacientes e o baço foi palpado em 21,8%. Foram classificados como hepatosplênicas 9,8% dos examinados e como portadores da forma hepatintestinal avançada 3,7%. Houve relação direta entre estas formas clínicas da doença e a intensidade da carga parasitária acima de 1.000 ovos de S. mansoni por grama de fezes.

Chemotherapeutic effects on larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni during infection and re-infection of mice

The sensitivity of the larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni to chemotherapy with praziquantel and oxamniquine was tested in mice during primary and secondary infections and after different intervals from cercarial exposure. Worm recovery by perfusion of the porto-mesenteric system, followed by counting and a morphometric study of the parasite, allowed the conclusion that the relative resistance of the larval stages of S. mansoni to schistosomicide drugs, demonstrated in primary infections, also persists when the host is already infected. This indicates that a therapeutic failure may result when an infected host is treated some time after being re-infected, because of the presence of migrating, drug-resistant, immature forms of the parasite.

Eficiência do diagnóstico coproscópico de Schistosoma mansoni em fezes prensadas

A eficácia do controle da esquistossomose depende em grande parte da sensibilidade da coproscopia. Passamos a utilizar, além da técnica de Kato-Katz, a de prensagem de fezes entre lâmina e lamínula de polipropileno, segundo Ferreira. De 1.282 amostras fecais colhidas entre 1998 e 2000 no Bairro da Palha, Município de Bananal, São Paulo, Brasil, 105 (8,2%) resultaram positivas. A primeira técnica revelou 90 (7%) e a segunda, 88 (6,9%) amostras positivas. Os resultados concordaram, segundo a estatística kappa. Valores baixos de percentagens de positivos e de opg (ovos por grama) de fezes, em Bananal, demandaram aumento do volume de material a examinar. Além de permitir a observação da viabilidade dos ovos de Schistosoma mansoni, a segunda técnica dispensa o uso de glicerina, de placa medidora e de tamisação; esta última, responsável por ulterior perda de precisão nas determinações de opg.

Características biológicas e morfológicas de cepas brasileiras de Schistosoma mansoni em Mus musculus

A fim de verificar diferenças biológicas e morfológicas entre cepas brasileiras (CMO, CM e BE) de Schistosoma mansoni foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros: período pré-patente, cinética de eliminação de ovos nas fezes, contagem de ovos no intestino, infectividade e as características fenotípicas dos vermes adultos. O período pré-patente foi de 42 a 44 dias. A recuperação de vermes adultos variou de 26% a 29%, sem diferenças significativas (p>0,05) nestes parâmetros. Todas as cepas apresentaram maior quantidade de ovos no intestino delgado do que no grosso (p<0,05). Diferenças significativas foram observadas no aparelho reprodutor e ventosas dos adultos machos. Todas as medidas foram menores na cepa CMO. As fêmeas apresentaram diferenças significativas no maior diâmetro do ovo, área e perímetro do espinho do ovo e na área da ventosa oral. Concluímos que as diferenças entre cepas podem ser expressas mesmo quando estas são mantidas por várias gerações em condições de laboratório.

Caracterização de cepas de Schistosoma mansoni por morfometria de vermes adultos provenientes de infecção unissexual

Camundongos foram infectados com cercárias, de um único sexo, de cepas simpátricas do Schistosoma mansoni. Nos vermes adultos, foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) nas ventosas, lobos testiculares, ovário e espessura do tegumento. O experimento demonstra que a morfometria de vermes isolados de infecção unissexual também é uma ferramenta na identificação de cepas do Schistosoma mansoni.

Alterações nos níveis de colesterol, triglicerídeo e fosfolipídeo total em plasma de Callithrix jacchus (sagüi) reinfectado por Schistosoma mansoni

Pouco se conhece a cerca de alterações nos lipídeos plasmáticos devido à reinfecção por Schistosoma mansoni. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas alterações nos lipídeos plasmáticos decorrentes de uma reinfecção por Schistosoma mansoni no primata não humano Callithrix jacchus (sagüi). Amostras de sangue dos animais, antes e após serem infectados e reinfectados, foram coletadas por punção venosa, anticoaguladas com EDTA (1mg/mL) e centrifugadas a 2.500xg para obtenção do plasma. Os níveis plasmáticos de colesterol total, colesterol éster, fosfolipídeo total e triglicerídeo foram determinados por métodos espectrofotométricos. Os resultados mostraram haver redução significativa nas concentrações de colesterol total, colesterol esterificado, triglicerídeo e fosfolipídeo total em plasma de animais reinfectados por Schistosoma mansoni, em comparação com os mesmos animais antes da infecção e após uma infecção. Este estudo mostra que uma segunda infecção por Schistosoma mansoni causa alterações lipídicas plasmáticas significativamente mais acentuadas que as decorrentes de uma única infecção.

Pseudoneoplastic lesion of the breast caused by Schistosoma mansoni

A case of a pseudoneoplastic lesion of the breast clinically and sonographically suggestive of a fibroadenoma is reported. Excisional biopsy revealed the nodule was an inflammatory process consequent to infection by Schistosoma mansoni.

Behavior of Schistosoma mansoni-induced histopathological lesions in Biomphalaria glabrata submitted to ionizing radiation

Present report demonstrates that repeated radiation of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata, totaling 15,000 rads, caused a sudden, albeit transient, suppression of cercarial shedding. Initially, sporocysts practically disappeared from the snail tissues. The more resistant developing cercariae presented nuclear clumping and vacuolation, before undergoing lysis. No host tissue reaction was evident at any time. Thirty-four days after the last irradiation, the snails resumed cercarial elimination. By that time numerous sporocysts and developing cercariae were detected, disseminated throughout snail tissues in a pattern similar to that of a highly malignant neoplasm, with no signs of host cellular reactions, which on the other hand were present in non-irradiated infected controls. The region of the ovo-testis was apparently destroyed after radiation, but returned to its normal appearance around 40 days after the last radiation. Ionizing radiation affected both host and parasite in S. mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata, but the resulting impressive changes were soon reversed.

Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ITS2 region for differatiation of Brazilian Biomphalaria intermediate hosts of the Schistosoma mansoni

We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer 2 of the ribosomal DNA (ITS2-DNAr) from the three Schistosoma mansoni intermediate hosts in Brazil: Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biomphalaria straminea. Analysis of a restriction map from those sequences allowed us to select putative restriction enzymes able to identify the snail species under study. Four restriction enzymes were used and HpaII provided simple species-specific profiles easily visualized in polyacrylamide gels. The use of ITS2 is advantageous as it provides a small fragment of 460 bp which may be easily amplified by PCR. In the current work, we showed that the amplification of ITS2-DNAr together with HpaII enzyme restriction is an auxiliary molecular tool for the morphological identification of such snails as well as for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of neotropical planorbids.

The effect of Zymomonas mobilis culture on experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection

C57Bl/10 male mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were distributed into mixed, prophylactic and curative groups. A culture of Zymomonas mobilis was orally administered to mice. A 61% protection from the infection was observed in the curative group (p <0.05). Histopathological study of the livers and intestines showed similar results.

Comparative clinical and ultrasound study of egg-negative and egg-positive individuals from Schistosoma mansoni low morbidity endemic areas, and hospitalized patients with hepatosplenic disease

Two hundred and twenty three subjects from a Schistosoma mansoni low morbidity endemic area and nine hospitalized hepatosplenic patients were submitted to stool test and clinical examination and abdomen ultrasound assessments. According to stool examination and ultrasound results, they were grouped as follows: G1 - 63 Schistosoma mansoni egg-negative individuals; G2 - 141 egg-positive patients and without evidence of periportal fibrosis; G3 - 19 egg-positive patients with periportal echogenicity (3-6mm); and G4 - 9 hepatosplenic patients with periportal echogenicity (> 6mm). Hepatomegaly detected by physical examination of the abdomen evaluated in the midclavicular line was verified in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, in 11.1, 12.1 and 26.3%. In G1, G2 and G3, periportal thickening occurred only in schistosomal patients (8.5%). Mild pathological alterations in patients that cannot yet be detected by clinical examination were detectable in the liver by ultrasound and can be due to fibrosis. The degree of mild periportal fibrosis was diminished in 57.9% of patients 12 months after treatment of schistosomiasis with oxamniquine. At ultrasonography, the mean liver left lobe measurement of G3 was larger than that of G1, and that of G4 larger than that of G1 and G2. The mean size of the spleen of G4 was significantly larger than that of the other three groups, and that of G3 larger than that of G1 and G2.

Estudo quantitativo de metais presentes na hemolinfa de Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda), infectadas e não infectadas com Schistosoma mansoni

Inicialmente, desenvolveu-se um estudo para quantificar e comparar as concentrações de alguns metais presentes em duas amostras de hemolinfa do caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata (infectados e não-infectados com Schistosoma mansoni). A espectrometria de emissão óptica com fonte de plasma induzido (ICP-OES), foi utilizada para analisar os metais nas duas amostras. Os metais estudados foram: alumínio, cálcio, cádmio, cobalto, cromo, cobre, ferro, potássio, magnésio, manganês, chumbo e zinco. Os resultados mostram que, a princípio, os metais não são fatores determinantes no processo de defesa desses organismos contra este parasita, quando presente nos seus tecidos.