278 resultados para Pontes, Belchior de, 1644-1719.


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A simple analysis of glory and rainbow effects, together with the description of their trajectories is given by the geometric model. The energy dependence of glory and rainbow impact parameters and the energy dependence of the rainbow angle are determined analytically within the model. An universal function for glory and rainbow trajectories can be easily determined.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The word gas was coined by the "chemical philosopher" Joan Baptista Van Helmont (1579 -- 1644) to name a very broad concept in his chemico-medical system. Eventually, some physicians who followed Helmontian ideas adopted the concept. The present paper aims to analyze the reception of the original idea of gas by an English Helmontian physician, George Thomson (1619 -- 1677). Thomson wrote that the "material cause" of the plague was a gas, and compared it to the "Gas of sulphur". He also related the human archeus to a gas, and explained some observations in the laboratory in terms of production of gases. We observe, however, that Thomson was not as interested as Van Helmont in discussing details about the structure of the matter. Thus, gas did not have the same relevance in Thomson's work as it had in Van Helmont's.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A simple and inexpensive time-of-flight mass spectrometer, dedicated to the study of gas-phase ionization processes induced by high energy electrons (0.5 - 3.0 keV), is described. The spectrometer design is based on the Wiley-McLaren principle, with a total length of about 18 cm. As a demonstration of the performance of the apparatus, mass spectra for Ar, CH4, CO2, and SF6, obtained at 1 keV electron energy, are presented.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper focuses on the early interpretations of the concept of gas, originally created by J. B. Van Helmont (1579 ¾ 1644). Our main interest is on the ideas of English physicians and chemical philosophers of the seventeenth century. Gas was usually associated with the material cause of diseases, with the vital spirit, or with a volatile spirit produced in some kinds of material transformations. As a general trend, however, the authors who did not want to embrace the details of the medico-chemical system proposed by Van Helmont preferred to use more well-known words (such as vapours, exhalations, effluvia, odours, spirits), avoiding the use of the neologism.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The carbon dioxide reforming of methane was carried out over nickel catalysts supported on the gamma-Al2O3/CeO2 system prepared by wet impregnation. With the increase of the CeO2 weight in the catalyst, a higher stability was observed in the catalytic activity, together with an excellent resistance to carbon deposition and a better Ni dispersion. The catalysts were characterized by means of surface area measurements, TPR, H2 chemisorption, XRD, SEM, EDX, XPS and TEM. An interaction between Ni and CeO2 was observed to the Ni/CeO2 sample after activation in a H2 atmosphere above 300 ºC. Such behavior has a significantly influence on the catalytic activity.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

With the aim of studying the interaction of fast electrons with solid surfaces we have developed an experimental set-up based on electron stimulated desorption (ESD) coupled to time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. Poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vynil chloride) samples have been irradiated by a pulsed electron beam of 1.2 keV and 0.18 µs FWHM. The results show that H+ is the main ionic species to desorb after electron bombardment. In addition, other ionic fragments were also observed and assigned. These results show the potentiality of this technique in the study of ESD of polymers.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Pyro and hydrometallurgical processes were applied to the treatment of spent commercial zeolites (a molecular sieve and a ZSM-5 sample). Both catalysts were employed in pilot plant units. They were kept in their original shape, they were not regenerated and were not subjected neither to mechanical stress nor to overheating zones during their time on-stream. Two recycling processes were tested: (i) direct solubilization of samples in mixtures of HF + H2O2 (60 ºC, 1 h). Although silicon was solubilized, insoluble matter was found in both samples, particularly in the molecular sieve, due to its high amounts of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals; (ii) fusion with KHSO4 (5 h, 600 ºC) with KHSO4/zeolite mass ratio 6:1. After fusion the solid was solubilized in water (100 ºC), leaving silicon as SiO2 residue. In both processes, solubilized metals were isolated by conventional selective precipitation techniques. Analysis of final products by common analytical methods shows that metals present in the original catalysts were recovered with very high yields except when the molecular sieve was treated with HF + H2O2. This reactant mixture proved to be suitable for processing zeolites with a low alkaline and alkaline-earth metal content whereas fusion with KHSO4 appeared to be adequate for all types of zeolites.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study is a result of undergraduate student participation in the Environmental Chemistry discipline provided by the Chemistry Institute/UFBA. The students were involved in the development of passive samplers, a project of the LAQUAM (Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory). The students' residences and other neighborhoods were used to create a passive sampling network, allowing the measurement of atmospheric levels of pollutants in urban areas and in those under industrial influence. The assembly of the passive samplers, including impregnation of filters and chemical analysis were part of the students' practice tasks. The results were analyzed taking into consideration the Brazilian legislation.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A simple method to obtain molecular Cartesian coordinates as a function of vibrational normal modes is presented in this work. The method does not require the definition of special matrices, like the F and G of Wilson, neither of group theory. The Eckart's conditions together with the diagonalization of kinetic and potential energy are the only required expressions. This makes the present approach appropriate to be used as a preliminary study for more advanced concepts concerning vibrational analysis. Examples are given for diatomic and triatomic molecules.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The essential oils of the leaves and fruits obtained by hydrodistillation of Xylopia sericea, collected in the restinga area of Pernambuco, were analyzed by GC (HP 5890 SERIES II) and GC/MS (HP 5890B SERIES II/ MSD 5971). A major part of the volatile components identified in the oils of fruits and leaves were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Cubenol (57.43%) and alpha-epi-muurolol (26.09%) were the main compounds found in the leaves, whereas beta-pinene (45.59%) and alpha-pinene (17.18%) were the fruits major components. The acaricidal activity of the essential oils was evaluated for Tetranychus urticae. The oil of the leaves was more active than that of the fruits showing an LC50 value of 4.08 µL/L of air for a 72 h period.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This work reports a review on the status and technical feasibility of the application of ethanol as fuel for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), presenting both external reform and cell with direct utilization of ethanol. Based on this survey, both experimental results and mathematical modeling indicated the technical feasibility of power generation by ethanol SOFC, with cell units producing 450 mW/cm², sufficient for scale up to large stationary plants. The quantitative assessments in the literature show this field to be promising for researchers and private sector investment as well being a strategic technology for government policy in the short and long term.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este estudo discute a concepção de ensino-aprendizagem dos preceptores da disciplina Trabalho de Campo Supervisionado II (TCS II) do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal Fluminense, visando levantar elementos para uma reflexão sobre a prática docente no processo de transformação do ensino médico. A inserção precoce de estudantes nos serviços de Atenção Básica constitui uma estratégia freqüente nos novos cursos de Medicina. Procuramos levantar a discussão da relevância da epistemologia docente nestas práticas, e nosso referencial adotado foi o construtivismo. Observamos que os preceptores, freqüentemente, apresentam uma concepção empirista de ensino, na qual existe uma desarticulação entre teoria e prática, e passividade por parte do aluno. Porém, ao refletirem sobre a prática, apontam para uma proposta construtivista de ensino-aprendizagem, sendo que a estrutura do TCS II a favorece. A partir deste trabalho, apontamos a importância de conhecer os saberes e práticas dos professores como um ponto de partida para uma formação e reflexão crítica acerca do papel docente, para que se consolidem as transformações desejadas na escola médica.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este artigo relata a experiência do ensino de Habilidades e Atitudes, na graduação em Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) com a metodologia de ensino da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas, ancorada no modelo biopsicossocial. O ensino de Habilidades e Atitudes implica a formulação diagnóstica mutiaxial, descrição contextual e padronizada da condição clínica. Utiliza como instrumento a avaliação sistemática de eixos e domínios altamente informativos e relevantes para o tratamento. Eixo I: transtornos clínicos (mentais e condições médicas gerais); Eixo II: incapacidades nos cuidados pessoais, funcionamento ocupacional e com a família, e funcionamento social mais amplo; Eixo III: fatores contextuais (problemas interpessoais e outros psicossociais e ambientais); Eixo IV: qualidade de vida (refletindo primariamente as percepções do próprio paciente). A competência clínica foi avaliada por meio da discussão de casos clínicos, portfólios reflexivos e pelo Exame Clínico Estruturado por Objetivo (Osce), método que avalia as habilidades clínicas, as habilidades de atitudes e a comunicação dos estudantes de Medicina.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a satisfação dos estudantes do internato do curso de graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) sobre seu último rodízio. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e observacional realizado no curso de Medicina da UFPB, envolvendo estudantes do novo currículo. Foi aplicado um questionário elaborado pelos autores e pré-testado. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 124 estudantes (91,2% dos internos). A média dos percentuais de estudantes satisfeitos foi de 49,6%, correlacionando-se inversamente com o número de rodízios cursados. O maior grau de satisfação foi observado no rodízio de Saúde Coletiva (76%), e o mais baixo, no de Clínica Médica (23,1%) em todos os aspectos avaliados. Revelaram-se inexistência de preceptoria nos hospitais conveniados, excesso de atividades burocráticas, relacionamento conflituoso com residentes, prática insuficiente e enfoque em problemas muito específicos. CONCLUSÕES: A satisfação dos estudantes com o internato médico da UFPB foi baixa. O rodízio de Clínica Médica atingiu os percentuais mais baixos em todos os aspectos avaliados, enquanto o de Saúde Coletiva, os melhores. Constatou-se que o Regimento do internato não está sendo cumprido adequadamente.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A educação, em seus vários níveis, tem o papel de assimilação de uma realidade cultural e de se preparar para resolver problemas referentes a determinada área do conhecimento. Dentre as várias vertentes do ensino, o construtivismo tem exercido influência na formação profissional, manifestada principalmente nas metodologias problematizadoras de ensino-aprendizagem. Em diversas escolas no mundo, o curso de graduação em Medicina tem se mostrado um cenário de aplicação destas modalidades: a aprendizagem baseada em problemas e a problematização. Embora metodologicamente diferentes, ambas trabalham em regiões de desenvolvimento cognitivo potencial dos estudantes, valorizando problemas e não temáticas como pontes entre o conhecimento do aluno e os objetos de aprendizagem. Este trabalho sumaria a utilização das metodologias problematizadoras na formação profissional na graduação médica como estratégias de aproximação da aprendizagem cotidiana do profissional, propondo uma reformulação do arco de Maguerez que torna o esquema mais aplicável às diversas etapas desse processo formativo.