Síndrome do impacto do tornozelo na ressonância magnética: ensaio iconográfico

A síndrome do impacto do tornozelo é uma condição dolorosa causada por atrito de tecidos articulares, que é tanto causa quanto consequência de uma biomecânica alterada desta articulação. A sua principal causa são as lesões pós-traumáticas, principalmente lesões ligamentares, resultando em dor crônica no tornozelo. Do ponto de vista anatômico e clínico, estas síndromes são classificadas em: ântero-lateral, anterior, ântero-medial, póstero-medial e posterior. A ressonância magnética é um ótimo método diagnóstico para demonstrar as alterações ósseas e as partes moles dos vários tipos de impacto do tornozelo, fornecendo dados que auxiliam não só na comprovação desse diagnóstico, como na diferenciação com outras causas de dor articular. Os autores objetivam ilustrar os principais achados de ressonância magnética na síndrome do impacto do tornozelo.

Impacto das ações de vigilância sanitária no programa de controle de qualidade dos serviços de mamografia no Estado da Paraíba, no período de 1999 a 2003

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto das ações de vigilância sanitária sobre a qualidade das imagens mamográficas no Estado da Paraíba. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Em 17 serviços de mamografia do Estado foi exigida pela Vigilância Sanitária a aplicação de testes de qualidade de acordo com a Portaria 453/98 do Ministério da Saúde. Foram utilizados simuladores específicos de mama para a avaliação da qualidade. Uma pontuação foi utilizada para classificar a qualidade de imagem de cada serviço. Considerou-se como critério mínimo e imprescindível o atendimento de uma pontuação 70% dos itens de qualidade. Entre os anos de 1999 e 2003 foi analisada a pontuação de qualidade de imagens desses serviços. Foi realizado um programa de educação de controle de qualidade de imagem pela Vigilância Sanitária da Paraíba. RESULTADOS: Os percentuais de serviços de mamografia que atingiram critério imprescindível de qualidade foram: 1999 (25%), 2000 (77%), 2001 (82%) e 2003 (81%). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos demonstram haver uma significativa evolução na qualidade das imagens diagnósticas produzidas pelos serviços de mamografia após a implantação de programas de controle de qualidade da imagem.

Impacto da nutrição enteral na toxicidade aguda e na continuidade do tratamento dos pacientes com tumores de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia com intensidade modulada

OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto da terapia nutricional enteral na manutenção do peso corpóreo e na necessidade de replanejamento e/ou interrupção da radioterapia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia de intensidade modulada (IMRT). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, os pacientes submetidos a IMRT entre janeiro de 2005 e outubro de 2008, com a inclusão de 83 casos. RESULTADOS: A idade mediana foi de 58,6 anos. Em apenas em cinco pacientes (6%) houve interrupção do tratamento, que variou de 4 a 18 dias, e em 19 casos (23%) houve necessidade de replanejamento. A terapia nutricional enteral foi instituída antes do início da radioterapia em 16 pacientes (19%). Perda de peso > 5% ocorreu em 58 casos (70%), sendo mais prevalente no grupo de pacientes em que a terapia nutricional enteral não foi instituída pré-radioterapia. Na comparação entre os grupos não houve diferença significativa na realização de replanejamento (25% versus 21%; p = 0,741) ou na ocorrência e duração da interrupção da radioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia nutricional enteral tem um claro ganho na manutenção do peso corporal, porém, não houve um benefício na realização da gastrostomia percutânea endoscópica ou da sonda nasoenteral em relação à interrupção e ao replanejamento da radioterapia.

Propedêutica radiológica do impacto femoroacetabular em tempos de tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética: o que o radiologista precisa saber

Após breve descrição dos tipos de impacto femoroacetabular, este trabalho demonstra o protocolo de radiologia convencional, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética para os casos de impacto, desenvolvido nos últimos oito anos em parceria com serviços de referência em ortopedia. Demonstra-se a propedêutica radiológica básica de cada método, revisando os aspectos mais relevantes na avaliação do quadril.

O impacto do PADCT na química e engenharia química

Among all activities related to the management of science and technology in Brazil, program monitoring and evaluation is certainly one of the less developed and most needed. There are no universal methodologies that can be applied. In essence programs can be evaluated by relating their achievements to pre-established goals. A second strategy is to compare programs similar in nature, utilizing as reference common indicators. Finally programs can be evaluated by their socio-economic impact comparing investments to outcomes. All strategies mentioned require appropriate program design monitoring and expert independent evaluation. In Brazil as in many other countries including developed ones this activity is complicated by the fact that programs vary widely in their scope and goals. In Brazil program designs often do not specify clearly their purposes and output indicators, many are not monitored properly which makes evaluation difficult. Consequently science and technology programs are difficult to be compared to each other, and even evaluated on the basis of pre-established goals. In PADCT monitoring and evaluation proved to be the most challenging activities. Two lessons however were learnt. One is that the process of monitoring and evaluation has to be continuously exposed to criticism to be perfected; and the second is that the evaluation process must not be exhausted shortly after investments since translation of scientific knowledge into industrial applications may prove to be a lengthy process. In this exercise we certainly do not pretend to evaluate the QEQ subprogram but to organize some of the information produced by different sources related to this subject, including the PADCT administration. We use somewhat each strategy described: compare the outputs of the QEQ to predetermined proposed goals (particularly in PADCT II), compare the QEQ to other PADCT subprograms, and specify some outputs in terms of technological and industrial applications. Finally, we utilize this opportunity to discuss science and technology M&E in general and the complexity of developing this area in Brazil.

O impacto do PADCT na química brasileira: uma visão acadêmica

An appraisal has been conducted of the impact PADCT (Support Program for Scientific and Technological Development) has caused on brazilian Chemistry and Chemical Engineering over a ten years period (1985-1995). During this time PADCT invested US$ 87.5 million dollars to support both scientific and technolgical development of chemistry. The main results, from an academic point of view, has been the strengthening of support services for academic research, including libraries and analytical facilities, and a consequent increase of the number and quality of human resources trained at the graduate level as well as a significant increase in the number of scientific publications.

Fator de impacto de revistas científicas: qual o significado deste parâmetro?

The impact factor of scientific journals has been used to evaluate them, as well as the quality of scientific research. This parameter was recently used by CAPES as an important criterion for the evaluation of Brazilian postgraduate courses. The main objective of this paper is to show how impact factor is calculated and to discuss its importance and limitations, with special emphasis on chemistry journals.

Química atmosférica do enxofre (IV): emissões, reações em fase aquosa e impacto ambiental

The oxidation process of sulfur(IV) species by oxygen, ozone and nitrogen oxides, catalysed by trace metal ions, can play an important role in atmospheric chemistry processes like acid rain, visibility degradation and health hazard. An overview of the more relevant investigations on emissions sources, aqueous phase conversion process and environmental impact is presented.

O impacto do crômio nos sistemas biológicos

The impact of biological chromium's activity may be beneficial or not. This review presents the most relevant chemical aspects of these "two faces" of chromium by covering first, the efforts toward a clearer understanding of the carcinogenic properties of chromium compounds. The biomimetic chemistry of Cr(V) complexes illustrates the interactions of the intermediates formed by Cr(VI) reduction with DNA or oligonucleotides. The importance of trivalent chromium as an essential element is also emphasized by summarizing the recent results of the investigations on trinuclear chromium complexes as models of the cofactor responsible for the insulin activity, as well as good candidates for new nutritional supplements.

Impacto dos catalisadores automotivos no controle da qualidade do ar

Advanced industrialized nations have experienced severe pollution problems over the past forty years, caused mainly by carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide emissions from automobiles. Catalyst technology has played a major part in minimizing these emissions as required by even more restrictive laws. The catalyst has been optimized over the years to meet the requirements of high activity and long life. The oxidation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide are in advanced development stage while that of NOx catalysts is far less advanced. In the future, catalyst technology is expected to contribute to overcome the challenges to get a cleaner air.

O impacto industrial na composição química das águas subterrâneas com enfoque de consumo humano (Rio Grande, RS)

The alteration in the quality of groundwater in the industrial zone of Brazil's southernmost state was assessed by a hydrogeochemical study. In 70-85% of the studied area, fluoride, nitrate and phosphate in groundwater surpass the maximum limits for human consumption according to Brazilian environmental legislation. The chemical spectrum of contaminants and their spatial distribution show that fertilizer production processes are responsible for groundwater pollution. The natural conditions of the region are not favorable for minimal protection against infiltration of pollutants into the aquifer.

Uso de lodo de estação de tratamento de água centrifugado em matriz de concreto de cimento portland para reduzir o impacto ambiental

An alternative application of the humid sludge from the Passaúna WTP, located in Curitiba's metropolitan area, is proposed for concrete structures, partially replacing aggregates and cement. For the investigation, a reference concrete and four concrete mixtures with sludge were produced, and from these, two mixtures, containing 4% and 8% of sludge (m/m), were analyzed by different techniques: X ray fluorescence, X ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, physicochemical analysis, compressive strength, etc. The properties were evaluated and the results indicate that the mixtures can be applied in different situations as cast structures for construction of concrete walls. Mixtures with more than 4% of sludge are restricted to applications where the workability of the concrete is not required, such as for residential pavements, sidewalks and stepping floors.

Avaliação do impacto da agricultura em áreas de proteção ambiental, pertencentes à bacia hidrográfica do rio ribeira de iguape, São Paulo

In order to ascertain the impact of agricultural activities on water quality of the Ribeira de Iguape River Basin in the state of São Paulo, surface water areas for catchment and drinking water have been characterized. The sampling period covered March/2002 - February/2003 and January/2004 at 10 different catchment points. SPE-LC-UV/Vis was used to monitor various pesticide classes such as carbamates, triazines and nitroanilines. The results revealed that water quality is associated with seasonal variation. Of 152 samples analyzed, only 24% showed the presence of pesticides, particulary during the wet season. High variability in pH, turbidity and color were observed.