REVESTIMENTO COMESTÍVEL À BASE DE GOMA XANTANA, COMPOSTOS LIPOFÍLICOS E/OU CLORETO DE CÁLCIO NA CONSERVAÇÃO DE MORANGOS

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar revestimentos comestíveis à base de goma xantana e glicerol, combinada a cloreto de cálcio, ácido oleico e/ou óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta na conservação de morangos cv. Festival. Os morangos foram selecionados, lavados, sanitizados e, a seguir, submetidos a diferentes tratamentos de revestimentos à base de goma xantana acrescidos de glicerol, cloreto de cálcio, ácido oleico e/ou óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta. Os frutos foram secos sob ventilação forçada a 4 ºC, por 15 h, e, posteriormente, embalados em bandejas com tampa de Polietileno Tereftalato (PET) e armazenados a 4 ºC, durante 12 dias. Foram realizadas análises de perda de massa, firmeza, luminosidade, tonalidade, pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis totais, antocianinas e a incidência de deterioração fúngica. Os diferentes revestimentos utilizados foram eficientes na conservação dos morangos. O tratamento com goma xantana e glicerol apresentou os melhores resultados, pois a influência do ácido oleico ou do óleo essencial de hortelãpimenta, assim como do cloreto de cálcio, não foi significativa. O revestimento de goma xantana proporcionou redução da perda de massa, manutenção da firmeza, cor, pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis totais, antocianinas e não estimulou o crescimento fúngico. Desta forma, esta goma apresenta potencial para aplicação como revestimento em morangos, visando a maximizar a vida útil deste produto.

Utilização do estímulo superseletivo arterial com cálcio e coleta venenosa hepática (EACV) no diagnóstico pré-operatório do insulinoma: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Insulinomas ocultos são tumores não detectáveis aos exames convencionais. O estímulo superseletivo arterial com cálcio e coleta venosa hepática (EACV) é um exame que pode ser utilizado para localizar o segmento pancreático acometido pelo tumor. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com insulinoma oculto detectado por meio do EACV. Além disso, são discutidos aspectos técnicos da realização do exame.

Modelando a coordenação de fosfato com o sítio ativo das fosfatases ácidas púrpuras

We present a new binuclear complex, Fe2III(BBPMP)(OH)(O2 P(OPh)2) ClO4.CH3OH, 3, where BBPMP is the anion of 2,6-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)(2-pyridylmethyl) aminomethyl-4-methylphenol, as a suitable model for the chromophoric site of purple acid phosphatases coordinated to phosphate. The complex was obtained by the reaction of complex 2, Fe2III(BBPMP)(O2P(OPh) 2)2 ClO4.H2O, in CH3CN with one equivalent of triethylamine. Based on the chromophoric properties of the model complex, lmax = 560 nm/ e = 4480 M-1 cm-1/Fe2 compared to the enzyme coordinated to phosphate, we can speculate about a possible mechanism of fixing this oxyanion by the oxidized form of the enzymes.

Estudo espectroscópico de vidros a base de aluminato de cálcio contendo Nd3+

Multicomponent ( Al2O3, CaO, SiO2, MgO) calcium aluminate-based glasses containing Nd3+ were prepared in order to evaluate their possibilities as laser host materials. The refractive index, UV-visible-near IR absorption spectrum, IR and visible luminescence spectra, and fluorescence decay time were measured. Judd-Ofelt model was used to obtain experimental intensity parameters ( omega2, omega4 and omega6), emission cross-section, radiative lifetimes, emission branching ratios and quantum efficiency.

Determinação espectrofotométrica de aspartame em adoçantes por injeção em fluxo usando um reator em fase sólida contendo fosfato de zinco imobilizado

A flow injection spectrophotometric method was developed for determining aspartame in sweeteners. Sample was dissolved in water and 250 µL of the solution was injected into a carrier stream of 5.0 x 10-5 mol L-1 sodium borate solution. The sample flowed through a column (14 cm x 2.0 mm) packed with Zn3(PO4)2 immobilized in a polymeric matrix of polyester resin and Zn(II) ions were released from the solid-phase reactor by formation of the Zn(II)-aspartame complex. The mixture merged with a stream of borate buffer solution (pH 9.0) containing 0.030 % (m/v) alizarin red S and the Zn(II)-alizarin red complex formed was measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. The calibration graph for aspartame was linear in the concentration range from 10 to 80 µg mL-1 with a detection limit of 4 µg mL-1 of aspartame. The RSD was 0.3 % for a solution containing 40 µg mL-1 aspartame (n = 10) and seventy results were obtained per hour. The proposed method was applied for determining aspartame in commercial sweeteners.

A química dos ésteres de fosfato

This work summarizes important aspects of the chemistry of phosphate esters, with special emphasis on: i) advances in the design of enzymatic models for phosphatases; and ii) nerve agents and currently used strategies for detoxification. The physical organic chemical aspects that are responsible by the reactivity of phosphate esters are also discussed.

Síntese e caracterização de alfa-fosfato de zircônio(IV) contendo agregados de cobre metálico

The alpha-zirconium (IV) hydrogenphosphate (alpha-ZrP) has received great attention in the last years due to its properties like ion exchange, intercalation, ionic conductivity and catalytic activity. This work reports a method to produce metallic copper clusters on alpha-ZrP to be used as catalysts in petrochemical processes. It was found that the solids were non-crystalline regardless of the uptake of copper and the reduction. The specific surface area increased as a consequence of the increase of the interlayer distance to accept the copper ions between the layers. During the reduction, big clusters of copper (0,5-11µ) with different sizes and shapes were produced.

A plasticidade dos amorfos: fazendo pigmentos brancos com fosfato de alumínio

A new white pigment made out of nano-structured non-crystalline aluminum phosphate was recently launched as an industrial product. Pigment opacifying properties are not intrinsic to aluminum phosphate but they arise as the result of a rare hollow particle nano-structure. This is in turn derived from the core-and-shell structure of amorphous aluminum phosphate precipitated under well-defined conditions. The new pigment is a product of the often neglected chemistry of non-crystalline ionic solids that can probably be a rich source of new successful products. The text describes a short account of the R&D activities, from the initial ideas to the present.

Os polimorfos de carbonato de cálcio: uma síntese fácil de aragonita

Aragonite is a metastable polymorph of calcium carbonate. The calcareous exoskeletons of some organisms like corals or molluscs consist essentially of aragonite. The questions of how, and why these organisms prefer the thermodynamically unstable aragonite for the construction of their hard shells are discussed. The importance of the biomineralization process for the development of new materials is outlined. In the experimental part, a very simple synthesis of polycrystalline aragonite is performed, using carbonated mineral water available at the market. The synthesized aragonite is easily identified by its infrared spectrum.

Efeito do triacilglicerídeo de cadeia média, da fibra e do cálcio na disponibilidade de magnésio e de zinco pelo método in vitro e metodologia de superfície de resposta

Nutritional therapy with enteral diets became highly specialized in the last years. This work aims to study the effect of the components of a formulation, namely fiber, calcium and medium-chain triglycerides, for dialysability of minerals. Analysis of multiple variables was done using response surface methodology. The level curve showed that the tertiary interaction MCT-fiber-calcium was the one that presented the highest synergism in the formulation. The proportion of 33% MCT, 25% fiber and 42% calcium, gave the best formulation for availability of magnesium.

Síntese e modificações de derivados heterocíclicos de D-arabinose: potenciais inibidores de glicose-6-fosfato isomerase e de glicosamina-6-fosfato sintase

The synthesis of -5-(D-arabino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)tetrazole and -2-(D-arabino-1,2,3,4-tetra-acetoxybutyl)-5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole from D-arabinose is described. Attempts at removing the protecting groups of the oxadiazole derivative were unsuccessful, leading to products resulting from the opening of the oxadiazole ring. The unprotected tetrazole derivative was selectively phosphorylated at the primary hydroxyl group with diethylphosphoryl chloride. The resulting 5-[D-arabino-4-(diethylphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-trihydroxybutyl]tetrazole is a protected form of a potential inhibitor of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and glucosamine synthase.

Estudo da adsorção de surfactante catiônico na matriz inorgânica fosfato de nióbio hidratado

This work describes the study the adsorption of a cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in the hydrous niobium phosphate matrix. The matrix was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (DRX), thermal analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface area measurements (BET). The Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models were used in the CTAB adsorption study. The adsorption process wasn`t favorable for the NbOPO4.nH2O in both studied models.

Adsorção de íons fosfato em óxido de nióbio hidratado

The adsorption kinetics of phosphate on Nb2O5.nH2O was investigated at initial phosphate concentrations 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg.L-1. The kinetic process was described by a pseudo-second-order rate model very well. The adsorption thermodynamics was carried out at 298, 308, 318, 328 and 338 K. The positive values of both ΔH and ΔS suggest an endothermic reaction and increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption. ΔG values obtained were negative indicating a spontaneous adsorption process. The Langmuir model described the data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. The effective desorption could be achieved using water at pH 12.

Sorção do inseticida tiametoxam em latossolos sob efeito de fosfato e vinhaça

Little information is available on the behavior of thiamethoxam in soils, whereas many studies show the effect of phosphate and vinasse in soils in Brazil. This study evaluated the sorption, desorption and retention of thiamethoxam in vinasse- and phosphate-amended samples of a dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (LVAd) and a distroferric Red Latosol (LVdf). The LVAd presented higher sorption of thiamethoxam. Phosphate did not affect the sorption or retention and vinasse increased the interaction of the compound with the soil particles, reducing desorption to the soil solution.

Termogravimetria: um novo enfoque para a clássica determinação de cálcio em cascas de ovos

The use of thermoanalytical data in sample preparation is described as a tool to catch the students' attention to some details that can simplify both the analysis and the analytical procedure. In this case, the thermal decomposition of eggshells was first investigated by thermogravimetry (TGA). Although the classical procedures suggest long exposure to high temperatures, the TGA data showed that the decomposition of organic matter takes place immediately when the sample is heated up to 800 °C under air atmosphere. After decomposition, the calcium content was determined by flame atomic emission photometry and compared with the results obtained using classical volumetric titration with EDTA.