Hyaluronidases and hyaluronan synthases expression is inversely correlated with malignancy in lung/bronchial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, affecting prognosis

We collected a series of 136 lung/bronchial and 56 matched lung parenchyma tissue samples from patients who underwent lung/bronchial biopsies and presented invasive carcinoma after lung surgery. The lung/bronchial samples included basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, moderate dysplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia, severe dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Matched lung parenchyma tissue samples included 25 squamous cell carcinomas and 31 adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze for the distribution of hyaluronidase (Hyal)-1 and −3, and hyaluronan synthases (HAS)-1, −2, and −3. Hyal-1 showed significantly higher expression in basal cell hyperplasia than in moderate dysplasia (P=0.01), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (P=0.0001), or severe dysplasia (P=0.03). Lower expression of Hyal-3 was found in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia than in basal cell hyperplasia (P=0.01) or moderate dysplasia (P=0.02). HAS-2 was significantly higher in severe dysplasia (P=0.002) and in squamous metaplasia (P=0.04) compared with basal cell hyperplasia. HAS-3 was significantly expressed in basal cell hyperplasia compared with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (P=0.05) and severe dysplasia (P=0.02). Lower expression of HAS-3 was found in severe dysplasia compared with squamous metaplasia (P=0.01) and moderate dysplasia (P=0.01). Epithelial Hyal-1 and −3 and HAS-1, −2, and −3 expressions were significantly higher in pre-neoplastic lesions than in neoplastic lesions. Comparative Cox multivariate analysis controlled by N stage and histologic tumor type showed that patients with high HAS-3 expression in pre-neoplastic cells obtained by lung/bronchial biopsy presented a significantly higher risk of death (HR=1.19; P=0.04). We concluded that localization of Hyal and HAS in lung/bronchial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions was inversely related to malignancy, which implied that visualizing these factors could be a useful diagnostic procedure for suspected lung cancer. Finalizing this conclusion will require a wider study in a randomized and prospective trial.

Feocromocitoma e gravidez: Relato de caso e revisão atualizada

Resumo O feocromocitoma é um tumor da adrenal produtor de catecolaminas, sendo causa rara de hipertensão arterial na gravidez. Sua prevalência em hipertensos é de 0,2%, e em 0,002% das gestações. Acompanhamos gestante hipertensa de 24 anos, branca, tercigesta, admitida na 33ª semana com emergência hipertensiva, indicada cesárea devido a sofrimento fetal, evoluindo com edema agudo de pulmão no pós-parto imediato. Submetida à videolaparoscopia após 13 dias por dor abdominal aguda, sem achado significativo. No pós-operatório, devido à hipertensão arterial grave e refratária, suspeitou-se de feocromocitoma, confirmado por exames bioquímicos e de imagem. Realizada adrenelectomia unilateral com cura da hipertensão. A anatomia patológica e a imunohistoquímica confirmaram o diagnóstico. Concluímos que casos atípicos de hipertensão na gravidez devem ser precocemente investigados e diferenciados da pré-eclâmpsia. Apesar da baixa prevalência, o feocromocitoma na gravidez aumenta consideravelmente a morbimortalidade materno-fetal e o seu reconhecimento e tratamento precoces mudam drasticamente o seu desfecho.