Pesquisa de gênero na produção de enfermagem: contribuição do Grupo de Pesquisa Gênero, Saúde e Enfermagem da EEUSP

O estudo das teses e dissertações produzidas pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Gênero, Saúde e Enfermagem, da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, teve por objetivo descrever e analisar a produção do saber construído pelo grupo, seu produto e processo de construção. Os resultados mostram uma produção expressiva no conjunto de estudos de gênero no cenário nacional, revelando que o aprofundamento da compreensão dos fenômenos sociais sob a ótica de gênero tem trazido avanços não só no âmbito da pesquisa, como da intervenção. No campo das práticas em saúde e de enfermagem, tem se mostrado capaz de revelar os limites e as potencialidades que as permeiam.

A autonomia como necessidade estruturante para o enfrentamento da violência de gênero

Objetiva-se apresentar categoria referente a necessidades relacionadas à autonomia, reconhecidas pelos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família no que concerne à atenção à saúde de mulheres que vivenciam violência. Para a produção do material empírico foram feitas entrevistas com profissionais de saúde que compõem as equipes da ESF e com mulheres usuárias do serviço. Os significados conformam a necessidade de autonomia relacionada à mulher como sujeito na tomada de decisões. Entretanto, alguns significados revelaram o reducionismo que se traduz na desresponsabilização do serviço em relação ao problema. A autonomia financeira foi um aspecto convergente entre os discursos dos profissionais e das usuárias do serviço de saúde. Concluiu-se que para o enfrentamento da violência é fundamental a inclusão da perspectiva de gênero tanto nas políticas de saúde quanto nas práticas concretizadas no processo de trabalho, condição que abre possibilidades de respostas a necessidades práticas e estratégicas de gênero, contribuindo para a redução da iniqüidade entre homens e mulheres e a promoção da emancipação feminina.

Práticas baseadas em evidências publicadas no Brasil: identificação e reflexão na área da prevenção em saúde humana

Revisão integrativa de estudos brasileiros sobre práticas baseadas em evidências (PBE) acerca da prevenção em saúde humana, publicados em periódicos Web of Science/JCR, de outubro de 2010 a abril de 2011. O objetivo foi identificar as especialidades que mais realizaram estes estudos, seus enfoques e abordagens metodológicas. A partir de critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados 84 trabalhos publicados majoritariamente em periódicos de saúde pública, focalizando a atenção primária e abrangendo também questões clínicas e diversas especialidades. Variaram também os enfoques de prevenção e as abordagens metodológicas, predominando a revisão sistemática sem metanálise. Os resultados indicam que não há uma única maneira de conceituar e praticar a PBE na prevenção e sua aplicação pode não ser apenas para obtenção de prova irrefutável para instrumentalizar ações de intervenção. Constitui um campo infindável de conhecimentos, em construção, para análise e maior compreensão de fenômenos em saúde.

Componentes da síndrome metabólica na hipertensão arterial

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e comparar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica entre hipertensos e normotensos. Os aspectos adotados para a definição de síndrome metabólica foram os definidos pelo National Cholesterol Education Program/Adults Treatment Painel (NCEP-ATP III). Os dados referentes aos perfis clínicos e bioquímicos foram processados no programa SPSS para cálculo de frequências absolutas e porcentagens. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student para comparações das médias, sendo as diferenças consideradas estatisticamente significantes para p<0,05. A amostra foi composta por 93 participantes normotensos e 168 hipertensos. Identificou-se a presença de síndrome metabólica em 60,7% dos hipertensos e 18,3% dos normotensos. Os portadores de hipertensão arterial apresentam diferença significante nos valores de pressão arterial (p<0,001), circunferência abdominal (p<0,001), glicemia (p<0,05) e triglicérides plasmáticos (p<0,05). A frequência dos riscos cardiometabólicos associados à síndrome metabólica é maior na presença de doença hipertensiva.

Limites e possibilidades avaliativas da estratégia saúde da família para a violência de gênero

O estudo objetiva compreender os limites e as possibilidades avaliativas da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no que tange ao reconhecimento e enfrentamento de necessidades em saúde de mulheres que vivenciam violência de gênero. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde que opera sob a ESF em São Paulo (SP). Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com profissionais de saúde e com mulheres usuárias do serviço que vivenciaram situações de violência de gênero. Os resultados foram analisados segundo as categorias analíticas gênero, violência de gênero e necessidades em saúde. A medicalização foi constatada como a limitação mais significativa das práticas profissionais. Entretanto, foram constatadas possibilidades relacionadas ao vínculo propiciado pela lógica de atenção instaurada com a ESF, ainda que cerceadas pelas limitações do modelo biomédico e a ausência de tecnologias específicas para lidar com a violência.

Women working at university restaurants: life and work conditions and gender-based violence

This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach that aimed to understand the social production and reproduction processes of women working at university restaurants and the occurrence and the magnitude of gender-based violence committed against them by their intimate partners. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis categories used were social production and reproduction, gender and gender-based violence. The interviewees held a subordinate social position during the productive and reproductive periods of their lives. Approximately 70% reported having experienced gender-based violence from an intimate partner (66% psychological violence, 36.3% physical violence and 28.6% sexual violence). Most of the health problems resulting from violence were related to mental health. The results indicate that the situation requires immediate interventions, mostly guided by the instrumentalization of these women and the support by the state and the university as appropriate to address violence.

Violence against adolescents: an analysis based on the categories gender and generation

Exploratory and descriptive study based on quantitative and qualitative methods that analyze the phenomenon of violence against adolescents based on gender and generational categories. The data source was reports of violence from the Curitiba Protection Network from 2010 to 2012 and semi-structured interviews with 16 sheltered adolescents. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0 and the qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The adolescents were victims of violence in the household and outside of the family environment, as victims or viewers of violence. The violence was experienced at home, mostly toward girls, with marked overtones of gender violence. More than indicating the magnitude of the issue, this study can give information to help qualify the assistance given to victimized people and address how to face this issue.

Violence as a research object and intervention in the health field: an analysis from the production of the Research Group on Gender, Health and Nursingi

The study aimed to describe how violence is revealed in the production of the Research Group on Gender, Health and Nursing. This is a historical research of qualitative approach, which evaluated the production of the Research Group, through content analysis. The results show gender as a central category in determining violence and health practices. This aspect determines limitations on professional practices of coping, such as the invisibility of the problem. The female autonomy, the use of alcohol and drugs and social vulnerability play an important relation with the phenomenon and the bond is revealed as potentiality of health practices to address the problem. Conclusion: The gender perspective in nursing research is an innovative field and counter-hegemonic, a possibility to assume a meaning of praxis by transforming potential of understanding and modes of intervention in the phenomenon of gender violence.

Educational Group Practices in Primary Care: Interaction Between Professionals, Users and Knowledge

OBJECTIVE To investigate the concept understood by Family Healthcare Strategy (ESF) professionals of knowledge, education and subjects participating in learning activities. METHOD Qualitative study carried out with the ESF professionals with university degree, members of the healthcare staff who undertook educational health group activities at Basic Healthcare Units (UBS) in Belo Horizonte. The following triangulation techniques were used: participant observation, photos and field notes; interviews with professionals; and document analysis. RESULTS We identified three interaction patterns that are different from each other. Firstly, the professional questions, listens and provides information to users, trusting in the transmission of knowledge; secondly, the professional questions and listens, trusting that users can learn from each other; thirdly, the professional questions, listens, discusses and produces knowledge with users, both teaching and learning from each other. CONCLUSION There are educational practices that include unique methods capable of creating a militant space for citizenship engagement.

Accidental intoxication of the infant-juvenile population in households: profiles of emergency care

OBJECTIVE Analyzing profiles of intoxication and accidental poisoning of infant-juvenile population (0-24 years) in the household, treated at a reference facility for Emergency and Primary Care, during the year 2013. METHOD A descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed using Epi-Info, by way of simple and bivariate analyzes. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (protocol 405.578). RESULTS There were 45 intoxications, with a prevalence of males (60.0%), aged 1-4 years (71.1%). Among children under one, there was a higher frequency of pesticide poisoning (66.6%), between the ages of 1-4 by cleaning products (34.4%), and between 5-9 years of age by pharmacological substances (66.6%). The primary assistance was provided only at health institutions, with hospital admissions in 24.4% of the cases. CONCLUSION The importance of prevention through legislation is evident, in order to ensure greater safety in packaging of various products, and community awareness to eliminate risks in the household environment.

Understanding child neglect in a gender context: a study performed in a Brazilian city

OBJECTIVETo describe the phenomenon of child neglect and understand it in a gender context.METHODRetrospective, quantitative, and exploratory study that analyzed reports of violence by a child and adolescent protection network in a Brazilian city. The theoretical and methodological basis applied was TIPESC (Theory of Nursing Praxical Intervention in Collective Health), with a gender emphasis.RESULTSNeglect of children under the age of ten represents more than half the reports received over all the years studied; more boys than girls suffered neglect and 41.4% of the reports of neglect involved children under than age of three; women were identified as being solely responsible in 67.9%, and as accessories in 17.3% of the incidents reported.CONCLUSIONChild neglect is a complex matter, the gender subordinate status inflicted on these children and their mothers who are responsible for their care underscore the social vulnerability of this group.

Development and validation of an instrument for evaluating the ludicity of games in health education

Abstract OBJECTIVE Developing and validating an instrument to evaluate the playfulness of games in health education contexts. METHODOLOGY A methodological, exploratory and descriptive research, developed in two stages: 1. Application of an open questionnaire to 50 graduate students, with content analysis of the answers and calculation of Kappa coefficient for defining items; 2. Procedures for construction of scales, with content validation by judges and analysis of the consensus estimate byContent Validity Index(CVI). RESULTS 53 items regarding the restless character of the games in the dimensions of playfulness, the formative components of learning and the profiles of the players. CONCLUSION Ludicity can be assessed by validated items related to the degree of involvement, immersion and reinvention of the subjects in the game along with the dynamics and playability of the game.

Preventing violence by intimate partners in adolescence: an integrative review

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the scientific literature on preventing intimate partner violence among adolescents in the field of health based on gender and generational categories. METHOD This was an integrative review. We searched for articles using LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, and SciELO databases. RESULTS Thirty articles were selected. The results indicate that most studies assessed interventions conducted by programs for intimate partner violence prevention. These studies adopted quantitative methods, and most were in the area of nursing, psychology, and medicine. Furthermore, most research contexts involved schools, followed by households, a hospital, a health center, and an indigenous tribe. CONCLUSION The analyses were not conducted from a gender- and generation-based perspective. Instead, the scientific literature was based on positivist research models, intimately connected to the classic public healthcare model and centered on a singular dimension.