Two practical approaches to monitoring the zooplanktonic community at Lago Grande do Curuai, Pará, Brazil

The use of substitute groups in biomonitoring programs has been proposed to minimize the high financial costs and time for samples processing. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation between (i) the spatial distribution among the major zooplankton groups (cladocerans, copepods, rotifers, and testaceans protozoa), (ii) the data of density and presence/absence of species, and (iii) the data of species, genera, and families from samples collected in the Lago Grande do Curuai, Pará, Brazil. A total of 55 sample of the zooplanktonic community was collected, with 28 samples obtained in March and 27 in September, 2013. The agreement between the different sets of data was assessed using Mantel and Procrustes tests. Our results indicated high correlations between genus level and species level and high correlations between presence/absence of species and abundance, regardless of the seasonal period. These results suggest that zooplankton community could be incorporated in a long-term monitoring program at relatively low financial and time costs.

Composition and structure of the fig wasp community in Amazonia

An understanding of the complex ecological interaction between fig wasps and their host plants in Amazonia requires previous knowledge of their distribution and diversity. The objective of this study was to describe the composition and structure of the wasp community associated with four species of Ficus in the municipal area of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 600 syconia from four species were collected. The study species were: Ficus obtusifolia Kunth; Ficus citrifolia Mill; F. americana subspecies guianensis Desv. form mathewsii; and F. americana subspecies guianensis Desv. form parkeriana. Statistical analyses were used to examine the relationship between fig wasp diversity and syconium diameter, and the effect of non-pollinating wasps on numbers of pollinators and seeds. Forty three species of fig wasp were identified, distributed across seven genera (Pegoscapus, Idarnes, Aepocerus, Physothorax, Anidarnes, Heterandrium , Eurytoma). Idarnes (carme group) was the wasps genus non-pollinator with greatest number of individuals with the greatest number of infested syconia (7409 wasps in 376 syconia). Analysing non-pollinating wasp diversity in relation to fig diameter, a significant difference was observed between the four fig species. Ficus citrifolia and F. americana subspecies guianensis form mathewsii had the smallest diameter but the greatest diversity of fig wasp. Ficus obtusifolia was the only species in which the non-pollinating wasps had a significant negative effect on the number of Pegoscapus sp. and on seed production.

Associação entre hipertensão arterial e excesso de peso em adultos, Belém, Pará, 2005

FUNDAMENTO: A hipertensão arterial constitui um grave problema de saúde pública, atingindo 20% a 25% da população adulta mundial e 12% a 35% da população brasileira. OBJETIVO: Avaliar associação entre hipertensão arterial e excesso de peso. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal desenvolvido em 2005, com uma amostra probabilística da população >18 anos de Belém (PA), pelo SIMTEL (monitoramento de doenças crônicas por telefone). Considerou-se como variável desfecho: hipertensão; como variável explanatória: excesso de peso; como variáveis de confusão: idade, escolaridade e características de estilo de vida. As variáveis associadas com hipertensão arterial foram analisadas por regressão logística para cálculo de risco. RESULTADOS: A hipertensão arterial atingiu 16,2% dos homens e 18,3% das mulheres, e o excesso de peso, 49,3% e 34,0%, respectivamente. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial se associou diretamente com idade e com excesso de peso em ambos os sexos. Para os homens, se associou com consumo de frutas e hortaliças e baixo consumo de feijão; para as mulheres, com estado civil viúva ou separada e, inversamente, com escolaridade. O risco de hipertensão arterial aumentou com o peso em ambos os sexos (p<0,001), sendo na obesidade 6,33 vezes maior para os homens e 3,33 para as mulheres, comparativamente ao peso normal. CONCLUSÃO: O excesso de peso se associou com maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial, porém variáveis como idade, escolaridade e consumo alimentar interferem nessa associação, de modo a configurar contextos favoráveis à diminuição ou ao aumento desse risco.