Co-morbidade fadiga e depressão em pacientes com câncer colo-retal

O estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar e identificar a comorbidade entre fadiga e depressão em pacientes com câncer colorretal. A amostra não-probabilística foi de 154 pacientes ambulatoriais (53% homens; idade média 49,6±11,7 anos; escolaridade média 8,9±5,4 anos). A fadiga foi avaliada pela Escala de Fadiga de Piper Revisada e o humor pelo Inventário de Depressão de Beck. A Fadiga foi relatada por 76 (49,4%) pacientes e foi intensa (escore total > 6) para 19,7% deles. Escores que sugerem depressão (IDB>20) foram encontrados em 11 (7,1%) pacientes. Fadiga e depressão estavam correlacionadas (r=0,395; p 0,001). A co-morbidade fadiga moderada/intensa e disforia/depressão ocorreu em 12,3%. A Fadiga estava presente na totalidade dos doentes deprimidos (100%), e a depressão ocorreu em 18% dos doentes fatigados. Fadiga e depressão são fenômenos relacionados, a sua comorbidade pode ser muito deletéria ao doente; a depressão foi mais importante para a ocorrência de fadiga do que a fadiga para a depressão.

Abandono do tratamento de tuberculose em co-infectados TB/HIV

Este estudo objetivou analisar os motivos que levam os pacientes coinfectados TB/HIV a abandonar o tratamento da TB e conhecer a conduta da equipe de saúde frente a esse abandono. A abordagem foi qualitativa. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada a quarenta e cinco profissionais que atuam em uma Unidade de Referência no Pará. Após análise temática, foram construídas duas unidades: fatores relacionados aos doentes que dificultam adesão ao tratamento da TB; e fatores relacionados ao serviço que contribuem para o abandono. Mostrou-se, com relação aos pacientes, que a baixa condição socioeconômica foi o fator mais frequente que propicia o abandono. Também efeitos adversos dos medicamentos, uso de drogas lícitas, e pouca motivação pessoal facilitam esse desfecho. Quanto ao Serviço, as questões relacionadas à estrutura física, organização do processo de trabalho e acesso mostraram-se relevantes para não adesão. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de alterar as práticas desenvolvidas nos Serviços.

Adesão ao tratamento por indivíduos com a co-infecção HIV/tuberculose: revisão integrativa da literatura

Trata-se de revisão integrativa cujo objetivo foi avaliar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os fatores associados à adesão ao tratamento por pacientes com a co-infecção HIV/TB. Foram levantados artigos publicados no período de 2002 a 2008, nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE. O material foi categorizado de acordo com ano de publicação, periódico, local do estudo e fatores relacionados à adesão. A amostra final foi composta por oito artigos. Os fatores encontrados, associados à adesão ao tratamento da co-infecção HIV/TB, relacionam-se: ao indivíduo e ao estilo de vida (tratamento prévio de TB, receio de estigma e discriminação, uso de substâncias químicas, depressão, suporte social), à doença e aos medicamentos (tipo de regime medicamentoso, uso de outros medicamentos, efeitos colaterais, dificuldade de diagnóstico de TB nestes pacientes), e aos serviços de saúde (problemas operacionais para acompanhar o tratamento, treinamento dos profissionais, supervisão, locais distintos para atendimento de TB e de HIV).

Teaching-service integration: implications and roles in experiences of Undergraduate Courses in Nursing

The study aimed at understanding the implications of the teaching-service integration to nursing education from the perspective of teachers, students and professionals in Primary Healthcare as well as identifying the roles of teachers and professionals who follow practical experiences in education. This is a case study of qualitative approach carried out in five undergraduate courses in Nursing in the state of Santa Catarina. A total of 22 teachers and 14 professionals were interviewed and five focus groups were conducted with students. Results are presented in two categories: Implications of the teaching-service integration to education in Nursing: contributing factors and intervening factors and Relationships established in the experiences: a unison speech and a dissonant practice. The contributions of the teaching-service integration are undeniable. Despite this belief, there are intervening factors that need to be on the agenda for discussion. The role of facilitator in education emerged strongly despite conflicting perceptions remain.

Diversity of social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in three fragments of semideciduous seasonal forest in the northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil

Human exploitation of the forest in the northwest of São Paulo State has generated enormous fragmentation of that forest. Such disturbance has reduced the populations of insects in general. This work was a survey of social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae; Polistinae) in three areas in different stages of regeneration: Paulo de Faria - SP (435 ha), Pindorama - SP (128 ha) and Neves Paulista - SP (1 ha). These three areas were chosen for comparative purposes. To capture the wasps, it was used: active collecting with attractant liquid (solution of water, salt and sugar) with the aid of a dorsal spray bag. During the period from July to December 2006, 414 social wasps were collected in Paulo de Faria, constituting seven species belonging to four genera; 111 social wasps were collected in Pindorama, constituting six species belonging to four genera, and 129 social wasps were collected in Neves Paulista constituting 12 species belonging to seven genera. In order to compare these three areas ecological indexes were calculated. Neves Paulista had the greatest diversity, and Paulo de Faria presented greater abundance. These factors were probably caused by neighboring areas and ecological corridors, which were limited in Paulo de Faria and Pindorama.

Seasonal and spatial species richness variation of dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae s. str.) in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

The knowledge on Atlantic Forest scarab beetle fauna is quite limited. This biome is strongly degraded and these insects can be used as bioindicators since they are sensitive to forest destruction and show distinct organizational patterns in forest fragments or in areas that have been deteriorated by human activity. Thus, a study of the Scarabaeidae (sensu stricto) dung beetles fauna that inhabit Serra do Japi, São Paulo, Brazil (23º12'-23º22' S and 46º53'-47º03'W) was carried out; the monthly species richness was analyzed in six areas during one year and the vegetation's structural physiognomy was described. The areas included a conserved and a degraded valley, a northward and a southward hillside, a hilltop, and an area of secondary forest growing under eucalyptus trees. The specimens were collected using four pitfall traps baited with human feces, which remained at each spot during 48 hours. Between September, 1997 and August, 1998, 3524 individuals of 39 species were collected; the most abundant were: Canthidium trinodosum, Eurysternus cyanescens, Uroxys kratochvili, Scybalocanthon nigriceps, Uroxys lata, Canthonella sp., Dichotomius assifer, Deltochilum furcatum, Canthidium sp.2, Canthon latipes, Deltochilum rubripenne, Eurysternus sp., and Dichotomius sp.1. The number of individuals and species was greater in the hot, rainy season, when there was a correlation between the number of species and the mean annual temperature [r²= 0.69; p<0.01]. The lower winter richness was most pronounced in the conserved valley, while richness remained relatively constant in the degraded valley; abundance was much higher in the degraded valley. The cluster analysis showed that the valleys and hillsides are the most similar in relation to species composition and abundance, yet different from the secondary forest with eucalypts and the hilltop.

Seasonal flight and resource collection patterns of colonies of the stingless bee Melipona bicolor schencki Gribodo (Apidae, Meliponini) in an Araucaria forest area in southern Brazil

Melipona bicolor schencki occurs in southern Brazil and at high elevations in southeastern Brazil. It has potential for use in meliponiculture but this stingless bee species is vulnerable to extinction and we have little knowledge about its ecology. In order to gather essential information for species conservation and management, we made a study of seasonal flight activities in its natural environment. We sampled bees entering the nests with pollen, nectar/water and resin/mud, in five colonies during each season. In parallel, we analyzed the influence of hour of the day and meteorological factors on flight activity. Flights were most intense during spring and summer, with daily mean estimates of 2,100 and 2,333 flights respectively, while in fall and winter the daily flight estimate was reduced to 612 and 1,104 flights, respectively. Nectar and water were the most frequently-collected resources, followed by pollen and building materials. This preference occurred in all seasons, but with variations in intensity. During spring, daily flight activity lasted over 14 hours; this period was reduced in the other seasons, reaching eight hours in winter. Meteorological factors were associated with 40.2% of the variation in flight and resource collection activity. Apparently, other factors that we did not measure, such as colony needs and availability of floral resources, also strongly influence the intensity of resource collection.

Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in a sympatric area: seasonal and nocturnal hourly rhythm in black and white modified Shannon traps

Captures with black and white Shannon traps were undertaken to identify aspects of the behavior of the two cryptic and sympatric species implicated as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926). The traps were installed side by side, monthly, from July 2001 to June 2002, from 18 to 07 hours, in a peridomicile of Iporanga municipality, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 2,142 specimens were captured, Ny. intermedia (47.4%) and Ny. neivai (50.5%). The white trap was more attractive to both sexes of both species. Males of Ny. neivai predominated (70%) over those of Ny. intermedia on the two traps; on the black trap, the females of Ny. intermedia predominated (63.3%) over those of Ny. neivai (36.7%). Seventy percent of the specimens of both species were captured between 18 and 24 h. Females of Ny. intermedia presented the highest peak at 19-20 h, and those of Ny. neivai at 20-21 h. The highest hourly average for females of Ny. intermedia on the black trap occurred in the winter and that for males in the summer. For Ny. neivai, both sexes predominated in the summer. The two species probably transmit the cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area due to their great predominance.

Seasonal activity of Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi (Formicidae, Ponerinae) in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil

Seasonal activity of Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi (Formicidae, Ponerinae) in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. We studied seasonal foraging patterns of the queenless ant D. quadriceps (Formicidae, Ponerinae) for 24 months in a Caatinga area of northeastern Brazil, an ecosystem characterized by strong climatic changes throughout the year, in order to determine if regulation of worker activity is based on environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation) and/or food resources (potential prey: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae, Chilopoda and Diplopoda). Foraging activity of D. quadriceps varied over the course of both years, with the highest frequency occurring from May to August, corresponding to the late rainy season and early dry season. This foraging activity was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with the availability of potential prey, but not with total abundance of soil arthropods or with rainfall and relative humidity. Diet composition, in relation to the main taxonomic prey groups, seems to be common to the species, regardless of habitat. Our results suggest that D. quadriceps workers adjust foraging activity to the most suitable period of the year, to avoid thermal stress and increase efficiency. Thus, they present an appropriate behavioral response to seasonal fluctuations in the Caatinga.

Efeito da omissão de N, NI, Mo, Co e S sobre os teores de N e S em feijoeiro

Foi avaliado o efeito da omissão de N, Ni, Mo, Co e S sobre os teores de N e S em feijoeiros (Phaseolus vulgaris ) inoculados e não inoculados com Rhizobium, em casa de vegetação. O experimento foi realizado em um esquema fatorial com dois tipos de solo (Neossolo Flúvico), dois níveis de inoculação (com e sem), combinados com seis adubações: (a) Completo (N, P, K, Ni, Mo, Co e S); (b) sem N; (c) sem Ni; (d) sem Co; (e) sem Mo; (f) sem S. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Foram fornecidos 126 mg kg-1 de N (parcelados no plantio, aos 10 e 25 dias da emergência - DAE), 248 mg kg-1 de P, 117 de K e 48 de S, aplicados no solo, e 10, 250 e 10 mg L-1 de Ni, Mo e Co, respectivamente, aplicados via foliar aos nove DAE. A colheita foi efetuada aos 35 DAE, separando-se a folha indicadora das demais. A adubação nitrogenada aumentou o crescimento das plantas, indicando serem os solos deficientes em N, bem como reduziu os teores foliares de N e S. A omissão dos demais nutrientes não alterou o crescimento das plantas nem o teor de N foliar, mas a omissão de S reduziu, como esperado, o teor de S foliar.

Desempenho da co-krigagem na determinação da variabilidade de atributos do solo

A agricultura de precisão requer princípios de manejo de acordo com a variabilidade no campo, exigindo técnicas eficientes para estimar e mapear a variabilidade espacial e, ou, temporal das características e propriedades dos solos. Uma análise detalhada dos atritubos físicos e químicos do solo demanda custos e tempo relativamente elevados. Por esse motivo, costuma-se aplicar métodos estatísticos de interpolação para obter as características e propriedades dos solos nos locais não amostrados, visando diminuir o número de amostras necessárias para um bom mapeamento do campo. Algumas variáveis que caracterizam os atributos de determinado solo são, freqüentemente, onerosas e de difícil execução. Nestas situações, é interessante estimar tais variáveis com base em outras que apresentam boa correlação espacial com as primeiras e de simples determinação. Isto pode ser feito por meio de um semivariograma cruzado. O interpolador que utiliza o semivariograma cruzado em sua modelagem é chamado de co-krigagem . O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a eficiência do método estatístico da co-krigagem na estimativa do pH e do Mn de acordo com a matéria orgânica, obtendo as margens de erros associadas a esta técnica por comparação dos valores estimados com aqueles determinados em laboratório. Os resultados mostraram que a co-krigagem foi capaz de estimar as variabilidades dos solos com grande exatidão.