Tratamento anti-hipertensivo. Prescrição e custo de medicamentos. Pesquisa em hospital terciário

OBJETIVO: Verificar os medicamentos anti-hipertensivos mais utilizados por pacientes que procuram atendimento em hospital público terciário, avaliando o impacto das diretrizes de atendimento (consensos) e custo de aquisição. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 141 pacientes (101 do sexo feminino) de 40 a 72 (média 53,3) anos, que procuraram de forma espontânea, atendimento em hospital terciário, com diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão arterial feito por médico e ausência de queixas relacionadas ao aparelho cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que 75,9% (n=107) estavam em uso diário de anti-hipertensivos, sendo 60,7% (n=86) em monoterapia e os demais em terapia mista. Os medicamentos mais empregados em monoterapia eram: tiazídicos, metildopa, inibidores da ECA, bloqueadores de canal de cálcio e betabloqueadores. A combinação com tiazídicos (26,3% do total) seguiu a mesma preferência. O segundo medicamento mais prescrito, metildopa, era o de maior custo. Metade dos pacientes adquiriu os medicamentos por compra direta. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se maior utilização de anti-hipertensivos de alto custo, conduta discordante das principais diretrizes das sociedades médicas, sobretudo do V-JNC, que preconizou tiazídicos e betabloqueadores, como anti-hipertensivos de primeira escolha em hipertensos sem complicações ou condições associadas.

Unsupported valvuloplasty in children with congenital mitral valve anomalies. Late clinical results

OBJECTIVE: To analyze late clinical evolution after surgical treatment of children, with reparative and reconstructive techniques without annular support. METHODS: We evaluated 21 patients operated upon between 1975 and 1998. Age 4.67±3.44 years; 47.6% girls; mitral insufficiency 57.1% (12 cases), stenosis 28.6% (6 cases), and double lesion 14.3% (3 cases). The perfusion 43.10±9.50min, and ischemia time were 29.40±10.50min. The average clinical follow-up in mitral insufficiency was 41.52±53.61 months. In the stenosis group (4 patients) was 46.39±32.02 months, and in the double lesion group (3 patients), 39.41±37.5 months. The echocardiographic follow-up was in mitral insufficiency 37.17±39.51 months, stenosis 42.61±30.59 months, and in the double lesion 39.41±37.51 months. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 9.5% (2 cases). No late deaths occurred. In the group with mitral insufficiency, 10 (83.3%) patients were asymptomatic (p=0.04). The majorit y with mild reflux (p=0.002). In the follow-up of the stenosis group, all were in functional class I (NYHA); and the mean transvalve gradient varied between 8 and 12mmHg, average of 10.7mmHg. In the double lesion group, 1 patient was reoperated at 43 months. No endocarditis or thromboembolism were reported. CONCLUSION: Mitral stenosis repair has worse late results, related to the valve abnormalities and associated lesions. The correction of mitral insufficiency without annular support showed good long-term results.

Assessment of Thromboembolism After the Cox-Maze Procedure for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Secondary to Mitral Valve Lesion

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence of late thromboembolism after surgical repair of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) simultaneously with repair of mitral valve using the Cox-Maze procedure. METHODS: 69 patients underwent Cox 3 procedure, with no cryoablation simultaneously with mitral valvuloplasty or prosthesis. Mean age was 49.9±13.2 years. Mean follow-up was of 31.7±19 months. Types of lesion were as follows: 33 (48%) stenoses, 23 (33%) insufficiencies, and 13 (19%) double lesions. Procedures were: 64 (93%) valvuloplasties, 3 (4%) biological and 2 (3%) mechanical prosthesis placement. There were 9 (13%) patients with previous systemic embolism and 2 (3%) had left atrial thrombi. RESULTS: Early mortality was 7% and late 1%. 2 patients (3%) were reoperated for mitral placement. At last evaluation, 10 patients (15%), were in AF. The remaining 59 (85%) were either in sinus / atrial rythm (74%) or under pacing (12%). There were no occurrence of early or late, systemic or pulmonary embolism. Permanent anticoagulation was employed in 16 cases, 10 in regular rythm and 6 in AF. The remaining 47 (75%), 2 in AF and 45 in regular rythm, did not receive anticoagulants. CONCLUSIONS: These results are in accordance with others series, where the occurrence of embolism was rare after maze procedure. Permanent systemic anticoagulation seems to be unnecessary in those cases.