The genus Bostryx in central western Argentina: anatomical and distributional description of four of its southernmost species (Gastropoda, Bulimulidae)

ABSTRACT The genus Bostryx Troschel, 1847 is endemic to South America, extending from Ecuador to Chile and Argentina. The southernmost Argentinian species of the genus that inhabit San Luis, San Juan and Mendoza provinces, specially the pre-Andes, Andes and Sierras Pampeanas mountain ranges, were examined. This is the first time the anatomy of Bostryx pastorei (Holmberg, 1912), Bostryx reedi (Parodiz, 1947) and Bostryx strobeli (Parodiz, 1956) has been described.Bostryx cordillerae (Strobel, 1874) is re-described regarding shell and anatomy due to new morphological data. The main differences among the species examined are based on shell characters. The distribution ofBostryx mendozanus (Strobel, 1874) and Bostryx cuyanus (Pfeiffer, 1867), other species found in this region, was also discussed.

New genus of Psychodinae (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Argentina

ABSTRACT Adults (male and female) and pupae of Chuspilepia saltenia gen. nov., sp. nov. were collected in tree holes in the Yungas rainforest, near San Ramón de la Nueva Orán city, Salta province, Argentina. It was not possible to place this new species in any known genera using the available keys and published descriptions, thus a new genus is proposed for the Neotropical region of Argentina.

Small mammal distributional patterns in Northwestern Argentina

ABSTRACT Quantitative evaluations of species distributional congruence allow evaluating previously proposed biogeographic regionalization and even identify undetected areas of endemism. The geographic scenery of Northwestern Argentina offers ideal conditions for the study of distributional patterns of species since the boundaries of a diverse group of biomes converge in a relatively small region, which also includes a diverse fauna of mammals. In this paper we applied a grid-based explicit method in order to recognize Patterns of Distributional Congruence (PDCs) and Areas of Endemism (AEs), and the species (native but non-endemic and endemic, respectively) that determine them. Also, we relate these distributional patterns to traditional biogeographic divisions of the study region and with a very recent phytogeographic study and we reconsider what previously rejected as 'spurious' areas. Finally, we assessed the generality of the patterns found. The analysis resulted in 165 consensus areas, characterized by seven species of marsupials, 28 species of bats, and 63 species of rodents, which represents a large percentage of the total species (10, 41, and 73, respectively). Twenty-five percent of the species that characterize consensus areas are endemic to the study region and define six AEs in strict sense while 12 PDCs are mainly defined by widely distributed species. While detailed quantitative analyses of plant species distribution data made by other authors does not result in units that correspond to Cabrera's phytogeographic divisions at this spatial scale, analyses of animal species distribution data does. We were able to identify previously unknown meaningful faunal patterns and more accurately define those already identified. We identify PDCs and AEs that conform Eastern Andean Slopes Patterns, Western High Andes Patterns, and Merged Eastern and Western Andean Slopes Patterns, some of which are re-interpreted at the light of known patterns of the endemic vascular flora. Endemism do not declines towards the south, but do declines towards the west of the study region. Peaks of endemism are found in the eastern Andean slopes in Jujuy and Tucumán/Catamarca, and in the western Andean biomes in Tucumán/Catamarca. The principal habitat types for endemic small mammal species are the eastern humid Andean slopes. Notwithstanding, arid/semi-arid biomes and humid landscapes are represented by the same number of AEs. Rodent species define 15 of the 18 General Patterns, and only in one they have no participation at all. Clearly, at this spatial scale, non-flying mammals, particularly rodents, are biogeographically more valuable species than flying mammals (bat species).

Observações sobre os Ixodideos da Republica Argentina

Ixodidae of the Argentine Republic are studied by the Author based on 71 lots of material, sent by Prof. Salvador Mazza, comprising 13 different species, two of which are found in Argentine territory: Haemaphysalis kochi Arag. and Amblyomma parvitarsum Nn. The author admits the existence in Argentina of 23 species of Ixodidae, but such number may still increase along with the development of the studies on the subject. In this paper, the Ornithodoros classified by Barbará and Dios as Ornithodoros turicata, is sunk by the Author in synonymy with O. rostratus Arag. not merely on the strength of the material at his disposal, but also by the plates published by the Argentine authors. The following species are also placed in synonymy: Amblyomma altiplanum Dios, 1917 (= Amblyomma parvitarsum Nn., 1899), Amblyomma concolor, Nn., 1899 (=Amblyomma auriculare Conil, 1877) Amblyomma furcula Donitz, 1907 (= Amblyomma neumani Ribaga, 1902). In the Author's opinion Amblyomma striatum C. L. Koch, 1844 and Amblyomma fossum Nn. are distinct species, so that the same Amblyomma ovale for both should no longer subsist as L. C. Robinson proposes. The Author, moreover, shows his doubts upon the existence in Argentine of Aponomma laeve, Nn., 1899 and Dermacentor triangulus Nn., 1899, as they have not been seen any more and in South-America no representatives of the genera Aponomma and Dermacentor are known.

Nota sobre os Ixodideos da Republica Argentina

A study of and addicional collection of Argentine ixodidae is made on material send to the Author by Professor Salvador Mazza of Departamento de pathologia do Norte - Jujuy and Professor Doello Jurado of the Museu Rivadavia. There was examined 37 lots of Ixodidae. Among them there were found the nymph of Ixodes auritulus Nn. and 3 other species already known on the South American fauna and from which there was til yet no record in Argentine; they are Ixodes ricinus, Amblyomma parvum and Amblyomma pseudo-concolor.

Formas encefalopaticas de enfermedad de Chagas cronica observadas en Argentina

Se describen las características clínicas y las manifestaciones dominantes en 22 enfermos observados entre 1963 y 1978 sobre un total de 420 con neuropatías diversas examinados en el area central Norte de la Argentina; afectados por una encefalopatía crónica, que, por hallazgos de laboratorio (demostración del parasito en sangre o en su defecto confirmacion por mas de una prueba serológica positiva) y por las correlaciones anatomoclínicas, puede ser imputada a la infección por el Trypanosoma cruzi. En la mitad o mas de los enfermos, son salientes las siguientes manifestaciones: disprosexia y confusión en 81,8%; cefalea y confusión en 72,7%; debilitamiento de reflejos músculo-tendinosos y trastornos del lenguaje en 63,6%; dispraxias en 59%; trastornos de la marcha y crisis mioclónicas en 54,5%; bradicinesias en 50%. En menor escala se encontraron: parestesias, ideas delirantes, perturbaciones cerebelares, crisis de vertigo, diplopia, lipotimias,humor fluctuante. Las menos frecuentes: disautonomia y excitacion. En 8 se hallaron evidencias semiologicas de cardiopatias y en 2 de compromiso digestivo grosero. Se analiza el alcance de esta casuistica en relación a los hallazgos anatomopatológicos en casos mortales y con referencia a lo ya conocido sobre la forma neuropatologica de la enfermedad de Chagas cronica.

Biomphalaria intermedia in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and Misiones, Argentina (Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

The occurrence of Biomphalaria intermedia (Paraense & Deslandes, 1962) is recorded at Três Lagoas and Dourados (state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), and Parque Nacional Iguazú (province of Misiones, Argentina), west and southwest, respectively, of its known western limit, in the state of São Paulo. The species was also found at Parapuã, a new locality to São Paulo state.

A new species of Dasybasis Macquart from NW of Argentina (Tabanidae, Diptera, Insecta)

Female and male of Dasybasis diaguita n. sp. from high area of NW of Argentina is described and illustrated.

Neohilgertia venusti Gen. N. SP. N. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae)from Thylamys venustus cinderellus (Thomas) Reig, Kirsch & Marshall, 1985 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in Burruyacu, Tucuman, Argentina - Systematic position and possible evolution

Neohilgertia gen. n. proposed for Oxyuridae nematodes from Thylamys venustus cinderellus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) is described. The hypothesis about the possibility of a secondary parasitism for marsupials and the origin of the genus in the African Sciuridae parasite ancestors is discussed.

A morphological, isoenzymatic and behavioural study of ten populations of Anopheles(Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1878 (Diptera: culicidae) including from the type-locality - Baradero, Argentina

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1878 shows morphological and behavioural variations which results in it being sometimes considered as a major malaria vector and at other times as playing no important role in epidemiology. With the aim of clarifying the taxonomy of the species, comparative morphological and isoenzymatic studies were made in populations from the type-locality, Baradero, Argentina and from 9 different localities inBrazil. Morphological studies consisted of the observation of eggs in scanning electron microscopy, of complete chaetotaxy of larvae and pupae and of the detailed drawing of male and female adults. Only Guajara-Mirim and Rio Branco populations, described previously as Anopheles deaneorum sp.n., showed morphological differences. Isoenzymes were studied using 4th instar larvae homogenate and agarosegel electrophoresis. Eleven enzymatic loci were analyzed. By calculation of Nei's Genetic Distance (D), the populations could be separated into 5 groups: i)Baradero, ii)Marajo, iii)Boa Vista, iv)Angra, Itaguai and Paraipaba and v)Guajara-Mirim and Rio Branco. These groups belong to 2 major clusters called I and II, separated by D = 0.345. In the I cluster are groups i, ii and iii and in II clusteriv and v. In I, D=0.246 separates i and ii from iii, while i is separated by D =0.181 from ii. In II, D = 0.223 between iv and v. Only the population of group vcould be distinguished morphologically from the others, leading to the description of an independent species An. deaneorum.

Potential schistosome-vector snails and associated trematodes in ricefields of Corrients province, Argentina: preliminary results

Considering the possibility of introduction of schistosomiasis mansoni into Argentina as a consequence of dam construction on the Rio De La Plata basin, preliminary studies have been carried out on agrosystems such as ricefields in Corrientes province with the following purposes: 1) to survey and estimate the relative abundance of planorbids and identify potential vector species; 2) to identify environmental factors capable of influencing Biomphalaria population dynamics; and 3) to find out snail-parasite associations and estimate snail infection rates in order to detect possible competitive interactions between larval stages of native trematodes that could be used in biological control of Schistosoma mansoni. Three potential schistosome vectors were detected in ricefields, namely Biomphalaria straminea, B. tenagophila and B. peregrina, although B. orbignyi, a species refractory to infection with S. mansoni, proved the most frequent and abundant. Positive correlations (P<0.05) were found between Biomphalaria abundance and some environmental parameters: conductivity, hardness, calcium, nitrites plus nitrates, ammonium and bicarbonates. Water temperature correlation was negative (P<0.05). No correlation (P>0.05) was found in total iron, phosphates (SRP), pH and soil granulometry. Echinocercariae developed from rediae and belonging to Petasiger sp., Paryphostomum sp., and other undetermined species were found.

Gastromermis cordobensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing Simulium lahillei Patterson & Shannon (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Argentina

Gastromermis cordobensis n. sp (Nematoda: Mermithidae) a parasite of larvae of the blackfly Simulium lahillei Paterson & Shannon (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Argentina, is described. Diagnostic characters of this species include a mouth ventrlly shifted; six cephalic papillae; eigh hypodermal chords; small and pear shaped amphids; a long and S-shaped vagina; a singl spicule, which is long, has non-uniform walls, and a tip with sculpture; three rows of genital papillae, the middle one with 18 pre-anal and 10 post-anal papillae, the lateral rows have 36 papillae each; oval eggs; and post-parasitic juveniles with long thin tails. Pre-parasitic and parasitic juveniles are included in the description.