Hemoculturas para o diagnóstico parasitológico da fase crônica da doença de Chagas

Os autores apresentam o resultado de hemoculturas de 20 chagásicos crôninos, em meio LIT. Usaram como inóculo o concentrado de células de 10 ml de sangue, lavado em solução fisiológica após remoção do plasma por centrifugação a 3.000r.p.m. A papa, assim obtida, foi semeada em porções iguais em dois tubos contendo, cada um, 5 ml de LIT. Com uma única hemocultura obtiveram 6 casos positivos (30%). Números variáveis de hemoculturas, 1 a 14, nos 20 pacientes, possibilitaram a positividade de 9 casos (45%). Submetendo 7 pacientes a 4 ou mais hemoculturas (4, 5, 6, 10 e 14), 5 dentre eles mostraram-se positivos (71,4%). Recomendam o método para a rotina por ser prático e de fácil execução.

Effects of lethal and non-lethal malaria on the mononuclear phagocyte system

The effects ofone non-lethal species ofmalarialparasite, Plasmodium yoelii, and one lethal species, P. berghei, on the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) of BALB/c mice were studied. P. yoelii caused a greater and more sustained expansion and activation of the MPS, and the two major populations of spleen phagocytic cells-red pulp and marginal zone macrophages - exhibited a greater increase in numbers in this infection. During the course of P. berghei mataria, the spleen was progressively occupied by haematopoietic tissue and, at the terminal stage of infection, an extensive depletion of lymphocytes and macrophages was apparent. The possibility was suggested that the outcome of mataria may be inftuenced by the particular way the parasite interacts with the MPS.

Estudo sobre o diagnóstico da giardíase por meio do método Kato-Katz

Foi verificado que é possível diagnosticar a giardíase através de exame de fezes realizado pelo método de Kato-Katz, hoje bastante utilizado no Brasil. Todavia, para reconhecimento da protozoose em questão, a eficácia do processo da centrífugo-fiutuação em sulfato de zinco mostrou-se maior. As sensibilidades das técnicas de Kato-Katz e da sedimentação espontânea em água foram equiparáveis, afigurando-se mais produtivas, a propósito do emprego da primeira, as análises efetuadas imediatamente ou após 24 horas em relação à ocasião do preparo.

The role of spleen macrophages in malaria: an ultrastructural study

An electronmicroscopy study of the spleen from mice infected with Plasmodium berghei was carried out to investigate the types ofcells in volved in the removal of parasites from the blood, and the mechanisms by which this occurs. Macrophages, particularly from the red pulp and the marginal zone of the spleen, constituted the most important population of phagocytic cells in the spleen. At the height ofparasitaemia, macrophages in the periphery of the white pulp, especially in the mantle zone of secondary follicles, were also found to participate in phagocytosis, although to a limited extent. Our fingings suggest that phagocytosis of free parasites or parasitized erythrocytes in the spleen is an important mechanism of clearance of parasites from the circulation. Parasites removed from the erythrocytes when these cells cross the interendothelial slits are further phagocytosed by neighbouring macrophages. Evidence is presented suggesting that spleen macrophages may act against the parasite through a process of cytotoxicity.

Contribuição da presença do eosinofilo no escarro ao diagnóstico das alterações pulmonares pós-tratamento na esquistossomose mansoni humana crônica: estudo duplo-cego

Em estudo duplo-cego observou-se que as alterações radiológicaspulmonares após tratamento com oxamniquine de pacientes com esquistossomose mansoni crônica associam-se com a presença de eosinófilos no escarro (p

Método de strout utilizando diferentes velocidades de centrifugação no diagnóstico da fase aguda da doença de Chagas

Empregando-se o método de Strout, analisou-se a eficácia de três diferentes velocidades de centrifugação (19 G, 165 G e 640 G) na avaliação da parasitemia de 20 chagásicos em fase aguda. Realizaram-se 309 exames nos 20 pacientes, com média de 15 exames para cada caso. Os exames realizados a 19 G evidenciaram a menor eficácia enquanto os realizados a 165 G e 640 G mostraram-se igualmente eficazes.

El método de cultivo "in vitro" como instrumento práctico en el diagnóstico y el aislamiento primário de Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis I. Observaciones de laboratório

Comparamos diferentes medios artificiales y procedimientos de cultivo in vitro de Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis (Lbb) aislada de lesiones de hamsteres experimentalmente infectados. Observamos que la aspiración de material de la lesión, usando jeringa de 5 mlyaguja 22g(25 x 8mm), mostró resultados satisfactorios siendo un procedimiento conveniente de colecta. El medio de Agar Sangre Difco (DAB) es un medio eficiente para el aislamiento de Lbb. El medio de Evans demostro similares resultados al DAB, mientras que el medio líquido de Schneider y el químicamente definido AR-103 fueron nitidamente inferiores. En la propagación in vitro de Lbb, el medio de Schneider permitió un buen crecimiento del flagelado, alcanzando densidades de 0,21 - 2,57 x 10(8) promastigotes por ml ya, en el 5.° dia de cultivo. La adición de 5-fluorocytosine a los tubos de cultivo (150/jg/ml)para evitar la contaminación por hongos, no inhibió el crecimiento de Lbb.

Avaliação da sensibilidade da técnica de eclosão de miracídios, de Suzuki, em comparação com outros processos empregados no diagnóstico da esquistossomose mansônica

Para simplificar o diagnóstico da esquistossomose mansônica há interesse de utilizar exame das fezes executado com base na eclosão de miracidios. Foi analisada a sensibilidade do método idealizado por Suzuki, através de comparação com os processos de Kato-Katz, Hoffman, Pons e Janer (sedimentação espontânea em água) e Chieffi e cols. Ficou comprovado que a tática em apreço é útil, mas não suplanta os méritos das outras empregadas, apresentando todavia melhor resultado quando presentes nas fezes maiores quantidades de ovos.

Frequency of human leukocyte antigen (hla) in patients with malaria and in the general population of Humaitá county, Amazonas state, Brazil

In August 1983,85 inhabitants of the municipality of Humaitá, Amazonas State, Brazil were studied to determine the prevalence of antigens to HLA-A, -B, -C and DR. Thirty-eight were sick with malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. All subjects were examined for splenomegaly, blood parasitaemia and antibodies to malaria. They constituted three groups: 1) 25 subjects native to the Amazon region who had never had malaria; 2) 38 Amazonian subjects who had malaria in the past or currently had an infection; 3) 22 patients with malaria who had acquired the infection in the Amazon Region but came from other regions of Brazil. Blood was taken from each person, the lymphocytes were separated and typed by the test of microlymphocytotoxicity. There was a high frequency of antigens that could not be identified in the groups studied which suggests the existence of a homozygote or phenotype not identified in the population. There was a high frequency of the phenotype Ag(W24) (44.7%) in group 2 when compared with group 1 (32%) or group 3 (9%). Also the individuals in group 2 showed an elevated frequency of antigen DR(4)80%) when compared with group 1 (36.6%) or group 3 (16.6%). These observations suggest the possibility of a genetic susceptibility to malaria among Amazonian residents and indicate a necessity for more extensive studies of the frequency of HLA antigens among inhabitants of this endemic malarial zone.

O teste imunoenzimático elisa no líquido pericárdico: novo método para o diagnóstico post-mortem da doença de Chagas

Realizou-se o teste imunoenzimático ELISA, paralelamente à reação de imunofluorescência, para a detecção de anticorpos antí-Trypanosoma cruzi, em 137 amostras de líquidos pericárdicos humanos, colhidos na necropsia. Os resultados foram cotejados com os achados anatomopatológicos. Observou-se que: (1) os dois testes foram positivos em 30 casos e negativos em 105; (2) o teste ELISA foipositivo em 2 casos nos quais a immofluorescència revelou-se negativa; num desses casos, havia sinais morfológicos de doença de Chagas; (3) a média geométrica dos títulos obtidos com o teste ELISA foi significativamente maior que a da imunofluorescência; (4) o índice de concordância entre os dois testes apresentou o valor de 0,985. O presente relato parece-nos inédito quanto ao uso do teste imunoenzimático no líquidoperícárdicopara o diagnóstico post- mortem da doença de Chagas.

Infrequency of asymptomatic malaria in an endemic area in Amazonas, Brazil

A malaria survey was conducted in an area of high transmission (Costa Marques, Rondonia, Brazil) to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia and its clinical significance. Most of the people surveyed were immigrants who had lived in the endemic area < 5 years. The people had easy access to free diagnostic and treatment services at the Malaria Clinic in the town of Costa Marques. The prevalence of plasmodial parasitemia in 344 people was 22%. There were 36 individuals with asymptomatic infections among the 77 parasitemic patients. During the two days following the initial examination, 19 ofthe 36 individuals: with asymptomatic infections developed malaria. Among the 17 patients who remained asymptomatic for > 2 days, 4 had only gametocytes, 1 had taken inadequate anti-malarial treatment, 3 were under treatment and 2 moved. Six asymptomatic patients denied the use of anti-malarial drugs and they developed malaria 3-6 days after the initial parasitological diagnosis. The final patient remained asymptomatic during the 7 day observation period. He had a history of > 40 malaria attacks and denied the use of antimalarial treatment. With the exception of the latter all of the other asymptomatic patients, were either in the incubation period or had been treated It is concluded that asymptomatic malaria is rare in the Costa Marques area and that it is necessary to treat all individuals with plasmodial parasitemia.

Malaria in humait a county, state of Amazonas, Brazil. XIX - evaluation of clindamycin for the treatment of patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection

A total of 207 patients with malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum were submitted to 5 different treatment schedules with clindamycin from 1981 to 1984: A - 89 patients were treated intravenously and orally, or intramuscularly and orally with 20 mg/kg/day divided into two daily applications for 5 to 7 days; B-40 patients were treated orally with 20 mg/kg/day divided into two daily doses for 5 to 7 days; C-27 patients were treated with 20 mg/kg/day intravenously or orally divided into two daily applications for 3 days; D-16 patients were treated orally and/or intravenously with a single daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg/day for 5 to 7 days; E-35 patients were treated orally with 5 mg/kg/day divided into two doses for 5 days. Patients were examined daily during treatment and reexamined on the 7th, 24th, 21st, 28th and 35th day both clinically and parasitologically (blood test). Eighty three (40.1%) had moderate or severe malaria, and 97 (46.8%) had shown resistance to chloroquine or to the combination ofsulfadoxin and pyrimethamine. The proportion of cured patients was higher than 95% among patients submitted to schedules A and B. Side effects were only occasional and of low intensity. Three deaths occurred (1.4%), two of them involving patients whose signs and symptoms were already very severe when treatment was started. Thus, clindamycin proved to be very useful in the treatment of patients with malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and we recommend schedule A for moderate and severe cases and Bfor initial cases.

Diagnóstico sorológico da estrongiloidíase humana através do método imunoenzimático

O presente trabalho demonstra a eficácia do método imunoenzimático utilizando antígeno solúvel de larvas de Strongyloides stercoralis no diagnóstico da estrongiloidíase humana. Foram avaliados 27 pacientes com as diversas formas clínicas da parasitose, sendo demonstrados títulos significativos em 25 (92%) dos casos. Em 17 controles, com ou sem outrasparasítoses intestinais, títulos significativos estavam presentes em 3 (18%). A sensibilidade do teste foi de 92% e a especificidade de 82%. São também relatados 3 casos clínicos, nos quais o diagnóstico da doença foi feito inicialmente pela determinação de anticorpos contra larvas de S. stercoralis, havendo posteriormente demonstração parasitológica em 2 dos casos. É ressaltada a importância do teste no diagnóstico da estrongiloidíase aguda e em situações onde eosinofilia não esteja associada a outras condições clínicas.