A contribuição da história dos conceitos à ciência da informação: dimensões categórico-abstratas e analítico-causais

A história dos conceitos, embora ainda pouco explorada pela ciência da informação, pode fornecer importantes contribuições para o estudo de conceitos-chave que constituem o quadro teórico-conceitual num contexto científico. Nessa direção, a história dos conceitos é apresentada como uma ferramenta para o estudo da diacronia e da sincronia do conceito científico na ciência da informação. Para tanto, foi mister compreender a intersecção das dimensões categórico-abstratas e analítico-causais, ambas relevantes por serem constitutivas da própria proposição da história dos conceitos elaborada por Reinhart Koselleck.

História da ultra-sonografia intra-operatória

A ultra-sonografia intra-operatória foi realizada especialmente a partir de 1960, com alguns relatos de experiências iniciais nos anos 50. Inicialmente foram avaliados tumores cerebrais, posteriormente estudando-se também cálculos de vias biliares e cálculos renais. Entretanto, a ultra-sonografia intra-operatória em modo A ou modo B estático não adquiriu grande aceitação no meio médico. Não obstante, os primeiros estudos forneceram as bases para o desenvolvimento da moderna ultra-sonografia intra-operatória, com a utilização dos equipamentos ultra-sonográficos em modo B em tempo real. Os autores discorrem sobre a utilização da ultra-sonografia intra-operatória desde o seu início até os dias atuais.

Análise de extratos de plantas por CCD: uma metodologia aplicada à disciplina "química orgânica"

extracts of the regional plants Annona squamosa and Annona muricata were analysed by silica gel thin-layer chromatography using adequate systems of solvents and spray reagents. Carbohydrates, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were detected in both species. These data agree with those on the literature about phytochemistry of the Annonaceae.

Conhecimento escolar em química: processo de mediação didática da ciência

xThe aim of this article is to present a contribution of the school knowledge research to Chemistry Teaching. The object of research is school knowledge on physical sciences, considering the existence of a rupture between scientific knowledge and everyday knowledge. The differences between analogies and metaphors and the process of didactic mediation were thoroughly examined. The conclusion is that the process of didactic mediation is built on their own cognitive configurations, which not always make public the private scientific knowledge to certain social groups.

Nitração do fenol, um método em escala semi-micro para disciplina prática de 4 horas

A procedure for the nitration of phenol in a semi-micro scale, followed by separation of the formed orto- and para-nitrophenol isomers by column chromatography, is described. All the experiment, including determination of the melting point of the isolated products, require a period of 4 hours, and it is suitable for organic chemistry laboratory undergraduate courses.

Os trinta anos da disciplina "Química Geral" oferecida aos alunos ingressantes no curso de graduação do Instituto de Química da Unicamp

An overview of the last thirty years of the General Chemistry Course applied to the freshmen in our Institute is presented. All the changes introduced in the course since the first time it was offered up to our days are described and a discussion of the program now developed is given.

Uma disciplina teórica de química para os alunos ingressantes no curso de graduação em química

The topics developed in the first discipline applied to the freshmen at the Chemistry Institute of UNICAMP are described, along with a discussion of how the program is developed in our days.

A história da ciência e o objeto de seu estudo: confrontos entre a ciência periférica, a ciência central e a ciência marginal

The historiography of science has undergone a profound change from the traditional perspective of a few decades ago, according to which only mainstream science was worth pursuing as a research field. Such a restricted outlook was not conducive to a thorough understanding of the whole process of the construction of science. New approaches have breathed new life into the discipline, taking into account not only scientific endeavours from so-called peripheral societies, but also from different quarters within or close to the central groups. From this a new and far more interesting view has emerged, showing a complex and richer texture.

História da química e da geologia: Joseph Black e James Hutton como referências para educação em ciências

The second half of eighteenth century is marked by the advancement of chemistry and geology. The first science acquired the law of conservation of mass and this science represented a important support to geology and mineralogy. We say that both became modern science that time. Our aim is to show up some interrelations between history of chemistry and history of geology by means of the study of Joseph Black's and James Hutton's works. We defend that it is positive to science education to understand and approach the relations among different and disciplinary areas of science.

A Catálise no Brasil nos últimos 25 anos: uma história de sucesso

In the last 25 years the research in catalysis has passed from heterogeneous processes mainly applied to petrochemical industries to homogeneous processes applied to fine chemicals and green chemistry. In this context the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ) is playing an important role in the organization of this interdisciplinary area involving researches from different fields of physical sciences.

A história, evolução e crescimento da Eletroquímica: Eletroanalítica nestes últimos 25 anos

This text describes the development of Electrochemistry and Electroanalytical Chemistry in Brazil from the pioneers at the IQ/USP in the 70's to the present day status. It explains how the members of the scientific community organized themselves before the establishment in 1993 of a specific division within the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ) through bi-ennial meetings (Brazilian Symposium of Electrochemistry and Electroanalytical Chemistry - SIBEE). Those SIBEE meetings, in a present number of 12, are described individually giving some emphasis on their organizers, the invited speakers and the statistics and overall structure of the event. The activities of the Electrochemistry and Electroanalytical Chemistry Division of the SBQ from 1993 are also briefly discussed as well as some considerations are made on the present and future of these fields.

As percepções dos professores de química geral sobre a seleção e a organização conceitual em sua disciplina

The teaching of general chemistry involves both the choice and the organization of its concepts. Although College Teachers make their choices, frequently the text books play an important role in this selection. In the present project we intend to show what are Teachers' perceptions of conceptual organization and selection as well as their perceptions of how to teach general chemistry. This demonstration is carried out through the use of metaphors from new information technologies.