Base de dados de informações jornalísticas sobre a Amazônia: ciência, tecnologia e meio ambiente - BDIJAm: em busca da qualidade

Apresenta a avaliação da qualidade da Base de Dados de Informações Jornalísticas sobre a Amazônia: Ciência, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente - BDIJAm. O estudo integra o Projeto Temáticas Amazônicas: Dossiês Comentados e Qualidade da Informação sobre Ciência, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Foram aplicados questionários aos usuários para identificação dos pontos positivos e possíveis lacunas do serviço. Como principais resultados foram apontadas a relevância dos temas da Base e a necessidade de se desenvolver ações que visem aperfeiçoar a estrutura de recuperação da informação. Conclui que toda base de dados deve ser continuamente aperfeiçoada e os usuários consideram a BDIJam um instrumento de suma importância para a sociedade como recurso de preservação da memória social da Amazônia.

Narrativas de histórias: um estudo preliminar na gestão de projetos de tecnologia da informação

Narrativas de histórias é uma técnica de gestão do conhecimento para compartilhamento de experiências, pensamentos e valores no ambiente organizacional. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o emprego de narrativas de histórias para transpor as barreiras que se interpõem ao sucesso de projetos de tecnologia de informação (TI). Como resultado, apresenta-se uma proposta de emprego de narrativas de histórias para facilitar o gerenciamento de projetos na área da TI.

Sobre a natureza da tecnologia da informação

Este artigo é uma reflexão sobre a natureza da tecnologia da informação, seu papel nos constructos humanos e seu relacionamento com a natureza. Propõe uma nova abordagem na hierarquia do conhecimento (DIKW) pela introdução de três conceitos de informação: sintática, semântica e pragmática. A mesma taxonomia é aplicada para a tecnologia. Disto resulta outra taxonomia: tecnologias sintáticas, tecnologias semânticas e tecnologias pragmáticas.

Aceitabilidade de bebidas preparadas a partir de diferentes extratos hidrossolúveis de soja

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aceitabiliade de bebidas obtidas de extrato de soja em pó, produzido a partir de cultivar desprovida de enzimas lipoxigenases, e de dois extratos em pó comerciais. Duas bebidas do extrato da cultivar desprovida de lipoxigenases foram preparadas pela diluição em água mineral a 5 e 10%. Os extratos comerciais foram diluídos a 10%. Duzentos consumidores das cidades do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, e Londrina, PR, avaliaram a aceitação das bebidas, pela escala hedônica de sete pontos; a consistência e doçura por meio da escala do ideal de sete pontos; e a intenção de compra pela escala de três pontos. A bebida do extrato de soja da cultivar desprovida de lipoxigenases preparada a 10% obteve as maiores notas de aceitação (4,2 a 4,5), apresentou consistência próxima do valor ideal (4) e recebeu a maior porcentagem de repostas "sim" para a intenção de compras, enquanto as demais apresentaram notas inferiores nos atributos avaliados.

Alguns aspectos da política nacional de ciência e tecnologia

The Brazilian industrialisation process, which occurred from World War II up to the early eighties, was almost totally based on imported technology and has thus not demanded local S&T capability. National S&T expenditures were limited to 0.7 % of the GNP, covering mainly expenses with basic research and training of scientists and engineers. Federal Government was then responsible for 90% of the national S&T expenditures. The globalisation of the economy, associated with the reduction of tariff barriers, has, since the early nineties, exposed Brazilian industries to international competition and, thus, forced them to invest in research and development. S&T policy fosters research activities, provides research infrastructure and human resources training. The goal is to raise national expenditures to 1.5% of GDP by 1999, with a share of the private sector of about 40%. In 1996, national S&T expenditures have already attained 1.1% of the GDP and private sector investments in this area reached a share of 30%.

Tecnologia de células a combustível

The fuel cell principle was discovered by Sir Grove 150 years ago. However material problems prohibited its commercialization for a long time. A change has been occurring during the last 30 years, so two types of fuel cell technologies can be distinguished: low and high temperature operation cells. Nowadays, only phosphoric acid cells are commercially offered as 200 kWel power plants. Membrane cells are more suitable for automobile electrotraction with a very low (or no) environmental impact. The fuel continues, however, to play a very particular role, since hydrogen is not easy to store and to transport. The more promising target is the utilization of liquid methanol. The Brazilian scenario concerning this kind of technology is discussed.

Glauber, Thurneisser e outros. Tecnologia química e química fina, conceitos não tão novos assim

Chemical Technology and Fine Chemicals, in the sense we understand them, go back not to Leblanc's soda production process, as many historians of Science and chemists suggest, but to the XVIIth Century, with the "technological" activities of Glauber and others; the Paracelsian Thurneisser can be seen as the first to produce "fine chemicals".

Mulheres em ciência e tecnologia: ascensão limitada

In contemporary times, women can choose freely to enter any professional field. Along the way they come across stumbling blocks that make their progress difficult. Most of these difficulties are not gender-specific, yet women encounter them more consistently than do men. It is remarkably true for the areas of Science and Technology. However, it is not straightforward to evaluate and to obtain an accurate measure of the effects of gender bias. The factors and consequences associated with the phenomena are multiple, with many shades of regionalism as we look at different countries. Despite of the absence of detailed studies regarding the situation in Brazil, it seems unlikely we would be an exception to a world pattern. In this article, some causes as well as current actions around the world to fight gender bias are presented.

Carbamato de etila em bebidas alcoólicas (cachaça, tiquira, uísque e grapa)

The presence of ethyl carbamate in cachaças, tiquiras, whiskies and grapes was investigated by GC-MS, monitoring the m/z 62 ion. The external standard method was used for quantitation in 188 samples (126 cachaças, 37 tiquiras, 6 grappas and 19 whiskies). The results of the study for cachaça were analysed considering the geographic origin, distillation type (still or column), bottle coloration (amber or transparent) and ageing. The average contents of ethyl carbamate in cachaças and tiquiras were 0.77 and 2.4 mg L-1, respectively. These values were higher than the mean concentration found in grapes (0.045 mg L-1) and whiskies (0.14 mg L-1). On average the cachaças distilled in column tend to present higher values of ethyl carbamate than those from still. In the sampling studied it was not possible to define a correlation between content of ethyl carbamate, bottle coloration and ageing time.

A extração de cafeína em bebidas estimulantes: uma nova abordagem para um experimento clássico em química orgânica

Caffeine extraction procedures from water soluble and water insoluble materials for preparing stimulating beverages are described. Water soluble materials used were instant tea and coffee and water insoluble materials were, among others, guaraná powder and maté leaves. The extraction of caffeine from water soluble materials, especially instant tea, is more suitable for an organic chemistry teaching laboratory than the classic experiment using tea leaves, due to the economy of time and a larger amount of extracted caffeine. The procedure is time-saving and requires only a four-hour period. The experiments illustrate the extraction process as used in undergraduate organic chemistry laboratories.

Tecnologia dos nanotubos de carbono: tendências e perspectivas de uma área multidisciplinar

An overview of the properties of carbon nanotubes is presented as a function of the structural characteristics and of the method of synthesis of these novel advanced materials. Emphasis is given to the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons over metal-supported catalysts and also the role of the support in obtaining homogeneous carbon nanotubes in high yelds is discussed. Some potential and real applications of carbon nanotubes are presented in a perspective view.

A tecnologia da reciclagem de polímeros

Solid municipal waste contains a large volume of polymers and its final disposal is a serious environmental problem. Consequently, the recycling of the principal polymers present in the solid waste is an alternative. In this review we describe the mechanical and chemical recycling of polymers and the energy recovery from plastic wastes. Polymer recycling involves not only the development of processing technologies, but also the solution of many chemical and analytical problems. The technological, economical and social aspects of polymer recycling are also considered.

Separação de CO2 por meio da tecnologia PSA

This paper describes the separation of CO2 from a gas mixture containing 25% CO2, 4% O2 and 71% N2 using the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technique. The adsorbent selected was the zeolite 13X due to its great adsorption capacity for CO2 and selectivity towards the other components of the gas mixture. The experimental technique was designed to identify the most important variables for the process and to optimize it. It is shown that the PSA technique can be used to separate CO2 from O2 and N2 to obtain an effluent containing 2% CO2 with 99% separation efficiency.

Aplicação da tecnologia de eletrofloculação na recuperação do corante índigo blue a partir de efluentes industriais

The indigo blue dye is widely used in the textile industry. When discarded, besides polluting the environment, it affects the appearance and transparency of aquatic bodies, causing damage to flora and fauna. The removal of this dye from industrial effluents is difficult due to its resistance towards degradation. This work proposes the recovery of indigo blue by electroflocculation, as a subsidy for the treatment of effluents from the jeans industry.

O Quadrante de Ruetsap e a anti-ciência, tecnologia e inovação

The concept of research and the controversy among classical models for C, T & I, outdated by the development of knowledge and Post-modern society needs were revisited through the (3) Quadrants advanced by Donald Stokes in the mid-nineties. The scientific community to fit into these Quadrants was faced with many difficulties and reacted by issuing pseudo-facts, accepted by under-prepared technocrats as viable justifications for conducting research in face of these new paradigms. In a poor country full of contrast and needs such as Brazil, this attitude satisfies the bureaucracy and academic elite, but frustrates government and society, that do not get, in the expected measure, the benefits of their commitment with the Teaching, Research and Extension Sectors mainly embedded in the Public University system. An extension, in fact a contradictory approach, to Pasteur's Quadrant, is proposed to characterize this situation: The Syndrome of Ruetsap's Quadrant.