Soymilk plain beverages: correlation between acceptability and physical and chemical characteristics

The objective of the research was to relate the physical and chemical characteristics of soymilk plain beverages to its sensory acceptance. Five commercial products and a new product formulated based on the less accepted sample were used. The overall acceptance was evaluated by 102 assessors using a 10-point hybrid hedonic scale. The hedonic scores ranged from 3.8 (sample E) to 7.0 (A). Most assessors (55%) preferred sample A, which was viscous (26.6 cp), dark (L* = 77.7), and slightly acidic (pH = 6.6). Sample C, which had lower solid content and higher acidity, was preferred by 29% of the assessors. These two beverages showed the greatest commercial potential of the products analyzed. The least-accepted sample (E), preferred by 8% of the assessors, had a lighter color (L* = 96.8), lower viscosity (13.5 cp), higher lipid content (2.2 g/100 g), and less protein (1.68 g/100 g) than the other products evaluated. A reformulation of the least preferred product (E) with the addition of maltodextrin and also vanilla and milk flavors increased its acceptance, yielding an average score of 7.2. Overall, it was observed that a soymilk plain beverage with higher viscosity, darker color, and higher protein content best meets consumer expectations.

Correlation, by multivariate statistical analysis, between the scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen species and the bioactive compounds from frozen fruit pulps

The contents of total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), and ascorbic acid (AA) of 18 frozen fruit pulps and their scavenging capacities against peroxyl radical (ROO•), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (•OH) were determined. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that TPC (total phenolic compounds) and AA (ascorbic acid) presented positive correlation with the scavenging capacity against ROO•, and TF (total flavonoids) showed positive correlation with the scavenging capacity against •OH and ROO• However, the scavenging capacity against H2O2 presented low correlation with TF (total flavonoids), TPC (total phenolic compounds), and AA (ascorbic acid). The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) allowed the classification of the fruit pulps into three groups: one group was formed by the açai pulp with high TF, total flavonoids, content (134.02 mg CE/100 g pulp) and the highest scavenging capacity against ROO•, •OH and H2O2; the second group was formed by the acerola pulp with high TPC, total phenolic compounds, (658.40 mg GAE/100 g pulp) and AA , ascorbic acid, (506.27 mg/100 g pulp) contents; and the third group was formed by pineapple, cacao, caja, cashew-apple, coconut, cupuaçu, guava, orange, lemon, mango, passion fruit, watermelon, pitanga, tamarind, tangerine, and umbu pulps, which could not be separated considering only the contents of bioactive compounds and the scavenging properties.

Análise numérica dos eletroforegramas de gliadinas de cultivares de triticale

Buscando automatizar o processo de identificação de cultivares pelo método de eletroforese de proteínas, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de valores de intensidade das bandas como dados adicionais de polimorfismos na discriminação de cultivares e comparar o comportamento de vários coeficientes de similaridade na análise dos eletroforegramas de gliadinas. Os eletroforegramas de gliadinas de quatro cultivares de triticale estreitamente relacionadas foram comparados pela análise computacional utilizando seis coeficientes de similaridade binários (presença/ausência) (Jaccard, Sorensen-Dice, Nei & Li, Simple Matching, Yule e Baroni-Urbani) e cinco quantitativos (Pearson product moment correlation, Spearman, Percent Similarity, Modified Morisita e Gower). As análises quantitativas dos eletroforegramas levaram em conta a intensidade das bandas, disposta em diferentes números de classes, possibilitando avaliar o efeito da variabilidade desse parâmetro. Foram utilizadas cerca de 60 amostras individuais de sementes de cada cultivar. Apesar do baixo polimorfismo intervarietal, os coeficientes médios de similaridade dentro das cultivares sempre foram maiores do que entre cultivares, o que indica o alto poder discriminatório dos testes. O estudo demonstra a viabilidade de identificar cultivares de triticale pela comparação numérica dos dados de eletroforese de gliadinas, obtidos das amostras, com uma biblioteca de eletroforegramas. Esse procedimento garante uma comparação mais objetiva dos eletroforegramas, em relação à análise visual. Foi constatado também, que a intensidade (densidade) das bandas nos eletroforegramas de gliadinas é muito variável, sendo portanto um parâmetro pouco confiável na análise de polimorfismos de gliadinas em triticale. Ainda com relação ao parâmetro intensidade, há uma perda progressiva na confiabilidade dos resultados de comparação com o aumento no número de classes de intensidade.