Resistência química de vitro-cerâmicos pertencentes a sistemas Li2O-ZrO2-BaO-SiO2 frente ao tratamento com soluções ácidas e básicas

The chemical durability of the Li2O-ZrO2-BaO-SiO2 system was examined by determination of the Vickers hardness. The dependence of hardness and of the chemical resistance with BaO addition was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the hardness increases with the BaO content. The samples surface's morphology submitted to the chemical treatment in acidic (H2SO4) and basic (KOH) solution was accompanied by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical durability of the materials with BaO showed better than the glass ceramic without this content. These materials treated with H2SO4 solution showed a preferential attack to the silica rich sites.

Preparación y caracterización de la zeolita MCM-22 y de su precursor laminar

The layered precursor of MCM-22 was prepared with different Si/Al ratios: 15, 25, 50, 100 and ¥. Upon heat treatment these precursors form MCM-22 zeolite. Both layered precursor and MCM-22 zeolite were characterized by several techniques: Chemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Pore Analysis by N2 and Ar adsorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Temperature Programmed Desorption of ammonium (TPD).

Eletrodeposição de irídio em tubo de grafite como modificador químico permanente em espectrometria de absorção atômica

A tubular electrochemical flow-cell for iridium deposition on the inner surface of pyrolytic graphite tube for permanent chemical modification is proposed. A transversal heated graphite tube was used as working electrode, a cylindrical piece of graphite inserted into the graphite tube as auxiliary electrode, and a micro Ag/AgCl(sat) as reference electrode. Iridium solution in 1.0 mol L-1 HCl, flowing at 0.55 mL min-1 for 60 min was used to perform the electrochemical modification. The applied potential to the flow-cell was - 0.700 V vs Ag/AgCl. Scanning electron microscopy images were taken for thermal and electrochemical modified graphite surface in order to evaluate the iridium distribution. Selenium hydride trapping was used to verify the performance of the proposed permanent chemical modifier.

Filmes delgados luminescentes obtidos a partir de hidroxicarbonatos de ítrio ativados por európio ou térbio

These films were obtained by dip coating. Parameters like dislocation velocity; number of deposits, suspension concentration, and number of deposits followed or not by heat treatment between each deposit and calcination temperature were evaluated for establishing the best homogeneity. The obtained films were characterized in terms of their morphology, optical quality and photoluminescence by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry and luminescence spectroscopy, respectively. The morphologic and luminescent characteristics showed dip coating as good laboratory technique for development of thin films for optical applications.

Estudo de efeito dos sais precursores sobre as propriedades eletrocatalíticas de eletrodos de Ti-SnO2/Sb preparados por decomposição térmica

The physical and electrochemical properties of Ti-SnO2/Sb electrodes obtained by the thermal decomposition of solutions of the precursor salts SnCl2×2H2O/SbCl3 and SnSO4/Sb2(SO4)3 were investigated. The reversibility of the cyclic voltammetric response of the Fe(CN)6(4-)/Fe(CN)6(3-) redox couple was assessed using the obtained electrodes. Their catalytic activity for the oxygen-evolving reaction and maximum capacity for electronic transfer were also evaluated by potential and current linear scans in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy analyses allowed the visualization of the morphology of the oxide films obtained. The best results were presented by the electrodes obtained from the chloride salt precursors.

Evidências da formação de monocamada de óxido de alumínio sobre sílica, através de reações de enxerto

Aluminum oxide was dispersed on a commercial silica gel surface, using successive grafting reactions. The reaction products were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The progressive incorporation of aluminum, up to 5.5% (w/w), does not produce agglomeration of alumina, since changes in the original pore size distribution of the silica matrix were not observed. The aluminum oxide covers homogeneously the silica surface.

Decomposição térmica de complexos de Zn e Cd com isomaleonitriladitiolato (imnt)

Thermal decomposition of [Bu4N]2[Zn(imnt)2] and [M(NH3)2(imnt)] complexes with M = Zn and Cd, and imnt = (bis 1,1-dicyanoethylene-2,2 dithiolate) in inert atmosphere was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Pyrolysis studies at different temperatures, 300, 400, 500, and 600 ºC, in N2 atmosphere were performed and the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The products were identified as sulfide sub-micron particles, along with amorphous carbon. Particle sizes estimated by SEM were ca. 50 nm for the cationic complexes and 500 nm for the neutral complexes.

Síntese e caracterização de nanocompósitos Ni: SiO2 processados na forma de filmes finos

We have produced nanocomposite films of Ni:SiO2 by an alternative polymeric precursor route. Films, with thickness of ~ 1000 nm, were characterized by several techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, flame absorption atomic spectrometry, and dc magnetization. Results from the microstructural characterizations indicated that metallic Ni-nanoparticles with average diameter of ~ 3 nm are homogeneously distributed in an amorphous SiO2 matrix. Magnetization measurements revealed a blocking temperature T B ~ 7 K for the most diluted sample and the absence of an exchange bias suggesting that Ni nanoparticles are free from an oxide layer.

Estudo eletroquímico de um novo banho galvânico de zinco alcalino livre de cianetos

A systematic electrochemical study of a novel cyanide free galvanic plating solution of alkaline zinc is presented. Cell Hull tests and potentiodynamic linear polarization measurements were carried out to evaluate the influence of operational parameters, such as concentration, current efficiency and degradation of additives. The stability of the bath was assessed by a long term test during 40 h at 200 A m-2. The morphology of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed good performance of the plating solution. The cost is similar to that of the commercial cyanide bath and lower than that of the commercial cyanide free bath.

Obtenção de titânio metálico com porosidade controlada por metalurgia do pó

Titanium is an attractive material for structural and biomedical applications because of its excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and high strength-to-weight ratio. The high reactivity of titanium in the liquid phase makes it difficult to produce it by fusion. Powder metallurgy has been shown to be an adequate technique to obtain titanium samples at low temperatures and solid-phase consolidation. The production of compacts with different porosities obtained by uniaxial pressing and vacuum sintering is briefly reviewed. Powder particle size control has been shown to be very important for porosity control. Sample characterization was made using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images.

Influência de poluentes atmosféricos em Belo Jardim (PE) utilizando Cladonia verticillaris (líquen) como biomonitor

Cladonia verticillaris used in this study was collected in the cerrado vegetation of Saloá (PE, Brazil) and transplanted in plastic containers on soil from the collection place to Belo Jardim (PE) that possesses lead smelters and battery industries. The experiments were disposed at eleven different places for evaluating the dispersion of pollutants and their effects on the biomonitor. The exposed lichens were collected over eight months and submitted to thin layer and high performance liquid chromatographies, and scanning electron microscopy. C. verticillaris placed in the vicinity of the emission sources demonstrated alteration in its metabolism, decreasing the production of its major compound, fumarprotocetraric acid, and deterioration of its external and internal surfaces.

Propriedades estruturais e microestruturais de manganitas dopadas com cobre

We report a structural study on polycrystalline La0.86Sr0.14Mn1-y Cu yO3+delta samples (y = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) using refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data and analysis of scanning electron microscopy images. It is found that the structure remains rhombohedral through the whole series, with a decrease in the average Mn-Mn bond distances, slight variations in Mn-O-Mn angle and reduction in the unit cell volume with increasing Cu amounts. The values of Mn-Mn distances suggest compact structures with d within ±1%. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal homogeneous microstructure in all samples, besides a trend for smaller grains and larger porosity with increasing Cu content.

Effect of the radiolitic sterilization in polyethylene/starch blends

Samples of LDPE/modified starch blends 80/20 m/m before and after exposure to gamma rays were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction. The effect of gamma radiation is clearly seen in the samples irradiated at a dose of 25 kGy. The main alteration in the polymeric material after exposure at the radiation range was a decrease in the mechanical properties, alterations in the chemical structure of the blend with an increase in the carbonyl and vinyl indices and the appearance of new crystalline symmetry generating a crystalline domain not existing before in the blend.

Preparação e caracterização de carvão ativado produzido a partir de resíduos do beneficiamento do café

Coffee fruit processing is one of the most polluting activities in agriculture due to the large amount of waste generated in the process. In this work, coffee parchment was employed as precursor for the production of carbons activated with ZnCl2 (CAP). The material was characterized using N2 adsorption/desorption at 77 K, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The material showed a surface area of 521.6 m²g-1 and microporous structure. CAP was applied as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye in aqueous medium. The adsorption capacity was found to be about 188.7 mg g-1.

Análise química de pigmento vermelho em osso humano

This work presents a chemical study of human bones painted red located at the Morro dos Ossos site, Piauí State, Brazil. The pigment was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), complexation reactions with thiocyanate and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results confirmed the presence of ochre and that the pigment layer is essentially composed of a mixture of clay and hematite, α-Fe2O3.