144 resultados para Magalhães, Fernão de, d. 1521.
Resumo:
A profilaxia racional de um doença decorre do melhor e mais profundo conhecimento dela. A do tifo exantematico neotrópico, apesar do que se sabe da doença, não e fácil no Brasil. Uma das maiores dificuldade encontramos nas distancias do nosso "hinterland" e na falta de cultura dos nossos agricultores. O homem se infecta certamente com as raças VB, VA e VA do virus brasileiro: 1.°) no campo, nas matas e nas macegas; 2.°) dentro dos domicÃlios ou nos arredores dêstes. Os primeiros constitúem de regra, os casos insulados do mal. Os segundos fazem parte, não raro, dos focos domiciliares macicos, com 2, 5, 7 e até 12 casos na mesma casa. São responsáveis, pelos primeiros, os carrapatos, principalmente o Amblyomma cayennense e o Amblyomma brasiliense, mormente quando no estado de ninfas, dada a herança habitual das infecções nesses artrópodos, que se infestam em animais silvestres, depositários do virus. São responsáveis pelos segundos, os "Cimex lectularius", percevejos dos leitos e as ninfas e larvas dos carrapatos, deixadas cair junto aos domicÃlios ou mesmo dentro deles. A profilaxia racional e completa da doença entre nós compreende: 1.°) Descarrapatização das zonas infestadas, por meio de leis apropriadas, coercitivas e aplicadas sem excepção; 2.°) Combate aos cães vadios, cabritos e outros animais portadores do virus; 3.°) Queima dos pastes, campos e macegas de fraco valor econômico, principalmente os que confinam com residências; 4.°) A propaganda racional contra esta grave doença exantemática: a) com palestras locais, acompanhadas de fotografias e gráficos expressivos e ao alcance de todos; b) pelo cinema; c) com artigos simples, claros e precisos sôbre a matéria; d) com folhetos apropriados; 5.°) Combater toda a vermina dentro e nas proximidades dos domicÃlios, 6.°) Demonstrar que é possÃvel, com toda a certeza, evitar a doença, retirando os carrapatos que se prenderem ao corpo, dentro de 12 ou 14 horas após a fixação; 7.°) Aconselhar o emprego do DDT, “Gammexame" e “Toxafeno" para o expurgo das casas e animais, a fim de combater os carrapatos; 8.°) Vacinação preventiva contra a doença, quando possÃvel, em zonas delimitadas e já civilizadas, feitas principalmente com raças de virus colhidas no Brasil e, se possÃvel, com uma só dose. O autor trabalhou durante algum tempo com a vacina tipo Spencer-Parker. Hoje aconselha o trabalho com a vacina tipo Cox, original ou modificada.
Resumo:
In this work, the author considers that in Brazil, there exist three forms of the disease of the Exanthematic Typhus group, that have been well studied: Neotropic Exanthematic Typhus, Murine Typhus and "Q" fever. The first of these forms has existed in this country, perhaps, for over five hundred years. He says that modern antibiotic, Aureomycin, Chloromycetin and, principally, Terramcin have resolved the problem of the therapeutic treatment of the disease. The modern insecticides, D. D. T., Gammexane and Toxafeno have resolved the prophylactic problem. The author studies minutely the question of denomination, showing, by means of drawing and history, the origin of the diseases, both Norte American and Brazilian. The name Neotropic Exanthematic Typhus (in BRazil, Colombia, United States or India) should substitute the erroneous anme "Spotted Fever"; the disease is exanthematic, a very different thing. He formulates two hypotheses about these diseases: first - it passed from the neotropic to the neartic region, where it acquired individual properties; second - they developed independently in a more rmeote epoch, acquiring each its own characteristics. The disease is today rather of the neotropic than of the neartic region. As it also exists in India it cannot be named American exanthematic Typhus. The author finds it unnecessary to change the name to "Rikettsioses"; we do not call bacillar dysentery "Schigeloses"or malignant edema "Chlostridiose". The name exanthematic typhus is classic, precise, scientific, expressive and the denomination "neotropical" completes the localisation. The author thinks that all the diseases of the exanthematic typhus group, in the world had a simple primitive common origin. At first, the rickettsias or the virus had a free life, perhaps in the waters of the marshes or grass-lands. Later, in the struggle for life, came the parasitism of the plants. They became fitoparatifs. The mode of life...
Resumo:
The author redescribes four species of Phaenicia refered to Brazil: P. sericata (Meigen), P. pallescens (Shannon), P. mexicana (Macquart) and P. eximia (Wiedemann). A new species, P. japuhybensis from the State of Rio de Janeiro, was also studied.
Resumo:
In this paper the author points out to a old question of about 200 years ago in wich two kinds of opinions were discussed. BANCROFT and FONTANA in one hand atributes for the Indian arrow poison (curare) the propriety of uncoagulate the blood, and C. BEBNAHDJ, B. RODRIGUES and others made an contradictory opinion upon this subject. In our experiments, we utilized 4 curares samples from indians who lives near the Brazilian border at Colombia, the famous Ticunas poison, and the alkaloid d-Tubocurarine. These poisons were added in form of emulsion in saline to the blood and blood plasma in order to perform two kinds of experiments. In one serie of experiments we observed the effect of curare on human blood coagulation time according to LEE-WHITE technic puting 0.5 ml of the various poisons emulsions previously into the tube. By this method, we have found that the emulsion containing 0.1 g of the poison in 10 ml saline was the most effective (Table II), therefore we used this curare emulsion concentration in the other serie of experiments, in which we tested the action of these venoms on the human blood plasma prothrombins time, (Quick Technic) adding 0.1 ml of the saline poison emulsion to each 0.1 ml of human blood plasma. Results from these experiments can be seen on Table II. These experiments we have tried on one sample of human blood plasma plus the differents curares samples; and in another opportunity four samples of human blood plasma were tried with the curare from Ticunas indians (the most effective in this respect). Results from these experiments may be seen on Table III. All the poison tried in our experiments was previously tested on toads legs (B. crucifer) to verify his curares action. All times obtained with the experiments above, show highly significant results (P<001) when compared with the blood and blood plasma mixed with in the same volume of saline. Our results, point out that BANCROFT and FONTANA views upon the effect of curare on blood clothing time were correct. Curares enhance the blood clothing time "in vitro". But, in other hand, the work in that matter by NESI (6), and TISTHOUND (7) showing that d-Tubocurarine had no significant effect on blood clothing time of man and dogs "in vivo", made possible to conclude that the observations of C. BERNARD, B. RODRIGUES and others were also true. These discordance of opinions, we believe, may result as BANCROFT and FONTANA researches, were wade "in vitro" whereas C. Bernard, B. Rodrigues and others performed their experiments "in vivo".
Resumo:
Em exemplares de B. tenagophila, capturados em ambiente natural, foram encontradas paranfistomocercárias de precoce encistamento. Procedeu-se à infecção, per os, de animais de biotério; em camundongos e ratos, verificou-se o desenvolviemnto de trematóide paranfistomÃdeo desconhecido e que, por suas caracterÃsticas, não se enquadra nos g~eneros conhecidos de Paramphistomidae de mamÃferos. Para o parasito em apreço é proposta a denominação Paraibatema inesperata n.g, n.sp.. A partir de miracÃdios, oriundos de ovos eliminados pelos roedores em experiência, procurou-se infectar B. tenagophila e B. glabrata, criadas no moluscário. Verificou-se ser ativa a penetração dos miracÃdios no tecido do molusco, sendo freqüente a formação de tumorações nas antenas. A evolução experimental no hospedeiro intermediário apresenta-se lenta; ao fim de 40 dias de pós-infecção, não se observou a formação de esporocistos, rédias e cercárias.
Resumo:
Gorgorhynchus trachinotus recovered from the intestine of trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann, 1896 is proposed as a new species and three new host records are reported for Dollfusentis chandleri Golvan, 1969.