Edema e enfisema pulmonar agudo em bovinos no Sul do Brasil: doença espontânea e reprodução experimental

Descrevem-se os dados epidemiológicos, os sinais clínicos e as lesões de quatro surtos da doença do edema e enfisema pulmonar agudo em bovinos (EEPAB) nos estados de Santa Catarina e Paraná e sua reprodução experimental. A doença espontânea ocorreu após transferência de bovinos de pastagem madura e seca para outra jovem e viçosa. Todos os bovinos afetados eram vacas das raças holandês e pardo suíço. Os principais sinais clínicos foram dispneia e respiração abdominal dificultosa com o pescoço estendido e a boca aberta. Apresentaram, também, enfisema subcutâneo, queda na produção de leite e recuperação lenta ou morte. Os achados de necropsia foram restritos ao pulmão o qual tinha coloração vermelho escuro, não colabado, de aspecto brilhante e hipercriptante com enfisema interlobular acentuado. As lesões histológicas no pulmão consistiam principalmente de enfisema alveolar e interlobular intercalado por áreas de congestão e edema, degeneração hialina da parede dos alvéolos e infiltrado de macrófagos e eosinófilos, moderado, difuso. A reprodução experimental da doença foi realizada em um bovino, com administração de 0,7mg/kg de peso corporal de L-triptofano por via oral em dose única. O animal morreu no sétimo dia de experimento. Os sinais clínicos e lesões foram idênticos aos observados na doença espontânea.

Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of angiogenic and apoptotic factors and the expression of thyroid receptors in the ovary of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in captivity

Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of angiogenic and apoptotic factors and the expression of thyroid receptors in the ovary of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in captivity were studied. The morphological evaluation of the ovaries was performed by histological paraffin embedded and stained with HE. The immunohistochemical expressions of CDC47, VEGF, Flk-1, angiopoietin, Tie-2 and thyroid receptor (TRα) were performed by the technique of streptavidein-biotin-peroxidase. Apoptosis was assessed using the TUNEL kit. The relative expression of thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ) was assessed by RT-PCR real time. The nuclear expression of CDC47 increased with the stage of maturation of the oocyte and was observed in the follicle cells. Apoptotic bodies were observed in the follicular cells of atretic follicles and postovulatory follicles from the ovaries of 150g and 350g fish. Expression of VEGF and its receptor Flk-1 was also observed in the follicular cells, and the expression of both increased with the maturity of the oocyte, with a higher intensity observed in the full-grown follicle. The expression of angiopoietin and of its receptor (Tie 2) was discrete and moderate respectively. TRα expression was independent of follicular development. However, the 350 g tilapia exhibited higher expression of TRβ compared with the 50 g tilapia. We conclude that the proliferative activity and the expression of VEGF and its receptor increase with follicular maturation and that the TRs expression increases with ovarian maturity in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Are there evidences of a complex mimicry system among Asclepias curassavica (Apocynaceae), Epidendrum fulgens (Orchidaceae), and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) in Southern Brazil?

The goal of this paper was to test the presence of mimicry in Asclepias curassavica L., Epidendrum fulgens Brong., and Lantana camara L. The study was carried out at the Parque Estadual de Itapeva, RS, southern Brazil, from 2004 to 2006. Flowering period of each of the three species was followed up; focal observations of butterflies visiting flowers, from fixed point and during random walks were carried out. We also estimated the frequency of pollinaria removal in the orchid, as well as its mode of reproduction. All these variables were important for testing the mimicry hypothesis. Despite some temporal coincidences in the flowering period of two plants in the system, there was no statistical association among the three plants as to flowering period. Twenty-nine species of butterflies, as potential pollinators, were recorded, particularly Agraulis vanillae maculosa, Dryas iulia alcionea, Urbanus simplicius, Tegosa claudina, and Heliconius erato phyllis, which were the more frequent visitors of the three plants. There was association between the number of visits to L. camara and E. fulgens, based on Pearson correlation (r = 0.4603; n = 19; P = 0.0473). Pollinaria removal of E. fulgens was low, as measured by the percentage of removal (range: 0 - 10%). The analysis of the mode of reproduction of this orchid showed its pollinator-dependence, since no fruits were formed by spontaneous self-pollination. In contrast, the percentage of fruit set that resulted from geitonogamy and xenogamy was, in average, 86%. The results here shown are not conclusive as to the occurrence of a mimicry system among the three plants.

Nutritional value of organic acid lime juice (Citrus latifolia T.), cv. Tahiti

Acid lime can be used as fresh fruit or as juice to increase the flavor of drinks. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze organic acid lime nutritional composition in order to evaluate if there are important differences among those conventionally produced. No significant differences in total titrable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, sucrose, calcium, and zinc were found between the acid lime juice from organic biodynamic crops and conventional crops. However, the organic biodynamic fruits presented higher peel percentage than the conventional ones leading to lower juice yield. On the other hand, fructose, glucose, total soluble solids contents, potassium, manganese, iron, and copper were higher in the conventional samples. These results indicated few nutritional differences between organic and conventional acid lime juices in some constituents. Nevertheless, fruit juice from biodynamic crops could be a good choice since it is free from pesticides and other agents that cause problems to human health maintaining the levels similar to those of important nutritional compounds.

Avaliação cardiológica de pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica: quais as lições?

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) apresentam sinergismo entre fatores de risco tradicionais para aterosclerose e emergentes derivados do estado urêmico. OBJETIVO: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico de um grupo de pacientes com DRC submetido à avaliação cardiológica. MÉTODOS: Pacientes sintomáticos - com isquemia em cintilografia miocárdica e/ou disfunção sistólica ao ecodopplercardiograma - com idade maior que 50 anos e diabetes mellitus (DM) como causa da DRC e aqueles com dois ou mais fatores de risco ateroscleróticos realizaram cineangiocoronariografia. Assintomáticos - não diabéticos e sem fatores de risco - foram investigados com ecodopplercardiograma e aqueles com único fator de risco, por meio de ecodopplercardiograma e cintilografia. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 46 pacientes, 58,7% homens, idade de 50-70 ± 11,7 anos, 91,3% dialíticos. Tempo de hemodiálise: 61,96 ± 55,1 meses. Hipertensão arterial foi causa da DRC em 56,5%. Dos 28 pacientes (60,9%) submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia, 53,6% apresentaram doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: com DAC (A), sem DAC (B) e não submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia (C). Diferença significativa ocorreu entre os Grupos B e C na frequência de índice tibiobraquial (ITB) anormal (p = 0,026), com ausência de ITB anormal no Grupo C e na média de idade, superior no B (p = 0,045). No Grupo A, 53,3% dos pacientes estavam em avaliação pré-paratireoidectomia (PTX). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo confirmou a alta frequência de alterações cardiovasculares, inclusive de DAC, nos pacientes portadores de DRC, principalmente naqueles em diálise.