Incidência de Arritmias Ventriculares após Terapia Celular em Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia Chagásica

Fundamento: O tratamento com células-tronco nas diversas cardiomiopatias pode estar relacionado ao aumento nas arritmias. Objetivos: Determinar se a injeção intracoronária de células-tronco em portadores de cardiomiopatia chagásica está associada ao aumento da incidência de arritmias ventriculares, comparado ao Grupo Controle. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, que avaliou o prontuário de 60 pacientes que participaram de estudo transversal anterior. Foram coletados os seguintes dados: idade, sexo, medicamentos utilizados e variáveis do Holter, que demonstraram presença de arritmia complexa. O Holter foi realizado em quatro momentos: randomização, 2, 6 e 12 meses de seguimento. O Grupo Controle recebeu tratamento medicamentoso e injeção intracoronaria de placebo e o Grupo Estudo tratamento medicamentoso e implante autólogo de células-tronco. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre os Grupos Controle e Estudo nos critérios de arritmia analisados. Na análise intragrupo, foi encontrada diferença com significância entre os exames de Holter do Grupo Estudo na variável total de extrassístoles ventriculares comparada à basal, sendo entre de p = 0,014 entre Holter na randomização e Holter aos 2 meses, p = 0,004 entre Holter na randomização e Holter aos 6 meses, e p = 0,014 entre Holter na randomização e Holter aos 12 meses. A variável taquicardia ventricular não sustentada entre Holter na randomização e Holter aos 6 meses apresentou p = 0,036. Conclusão: A injeção intracoronária de células-tronco não aumentou a incidência de arritmia ventricular complexa em pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica, comparada ao Grupo Controle.

Relevance of Target-Organ Lesions as Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Patients with diabetes are in extract higher risk for fatal cardiovascular events. Objective: To evaluate major predictors of mortality in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cohort of 323 individuals with type 2 diabetes from several regions of Brazil was followed for a long period. Baseline electrocardiograms, clinical and laboratory data obtained were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) and confidence interval (CI) related to cardiovascular and total mortality. Results: After 9.2 years of follow-up (median), 33 subjects died (17 from cardiovascular causes). Cardiovascular mortality was associated with male gender; smoking; prior myocardial infarction; long QTc interval; left ventricular hypertrophy; and eGFR <60 mL/min. These factors, in addition to obesity, were predictors of total mortality. Cardiovascular mortality was adjusted for age and gender, but remained associated with: smoking (HR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.3-11.8; p = 0.019); prior myocardial infarction (HR = 8.5; 95% CI 1.8-39.9; p = 0.007); eGFR < 60 mL/min (HR = 9.5; 95% CI 2.7-33.7; p = 0.001); long QTc interval (HR = 5.1; 95% CI 1.7-15.2; p = 0.004); and left ventricular hypertrophy (HR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.3-9.7; p = 0.002). Total mortality was associated with obesity (HR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-5.1; p = 0.030); smoking (HR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.1; p = 0.046); prior myocardial infarction (HR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.1; p = 0.005), and long QTc interval (HR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.1; p = 0.017). Conclusions: Biomarkers of simple measurement, particularly those related to target-organ lesions, were predictors of mortality in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Effects of PDE type 5 inhibitors on Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Resistant Hypertension

Resistant hypertension (RHTN) is a multifactorial disease characterized by blood pressure (BP) levels above goal (140/90 mmHg) in spite of the concurrent use of three or more antihypertensive drugs of different classes. Moreover, it is well known that RHTN subjects have high prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), which leads to increased risk of heart failure progression. This review gathers data from studies evaluating the effects of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (administration of acute sildenafil and short-term tadalafil) on diastolic function, biochemical and hemodynamic parameters in patients with RHTN. Acute study with sildenafil treatment found that inhibition of PDE-5 improved hemodynamic parameters and diastolic relaxation. In addition, short-term study with the use of tadalafil demonstrated improvement of LVDD, cGMP and BNP-32 levels, regardless of BP reduction. No endothelial function changes were observed in the studies. The findings of acute and short-term studies revealed potential therapeutic effects of IPDE-5 drugs on LVDD in RHTN patients.

Serum Potassium Levels Inversely Correlate with D-Dimer In Patients with Acute-Onset Atrial Fibrillation

Background: D-dimer values are frequently increased in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to subjects in sinus rhythm. Hypokalemia plays a role in several cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about the association with AF. Objective: D-dimer values are frequently increased in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with subjects in sinus rhythm. Hypokalemia plays a role in several cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about the association with AF. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between D-dimer and serum potassium in acute-onset AF (AAF). Methods: To investigate the potential correlation between the values of serum potassium and D-dimer in patients with AAF, we retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data of all emergency department visits for AAF in 2013. Results: Among 271 consecutive AAF patients with D-dimer assessments, those with hypokalemia (n = 98) had significantly higher D-dimer values than normokalemic patients (139 versus 114 ng/mL, p = 0.004). The rate of patients with D-dimer values exceeding the diagnostic cut-off was higher in the group of patients with hypokalemia than in those with normal serum potassium (26.5% versus 16.2%; p = 0.029). An inverse and highly significant correlation was found between serum potassium and D-dimer (r = −0.21; p < 0.001), even after adjustments for age and sex (beta coefficient −94.8; p = 0.001). The relative risk for a positive D-dimer value attributed to hypokalemia was 1.64 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.63; p = 0.040). The correlation remained statistically significant in patients free from antihypertensive drugs (r = −0.25; p = 0.018), but not in those taking angiotensin-receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or diuretics. Conclusions: The inverse correlation between values of potassium and D-dimer in patients with AAF provides important and complementary information about the thromboembolic risk of these patients.

Circulatory and Ventilatory Power: Characterization in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Background:Circulatory power (CP) and ventilatory power (VP) are indices that have been used for the clinical evaluation of patients with heart failure; however, no study has evaluated these indices in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) without heart failure.Objective:To characterize both indices in patients with CAD compared with healthy controls.Methods:Eighty-seven men [CAD group = 42 subjects and healthy control group (CG) = 45 subjects] aged 40–65 years were included. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a treadmill and the following parameters were measured: 1) peak oxygen consumption (VO2), 2) peak heart rate (HR), 3) peak blood pressure (BP), 4) peak rate-pressure product (peak systolic HR x peak BP), 5) peak oxygen pulse (peak VO2/peak HR), 6) oxygen uptake efficiency (OUES), 7) carbon dioxide production efficiency (minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope), 8) CP (peak VO2 x peak systolic BP) and 9) VP (peak systolic BP/carbon dioxide production efficiency).Results:The CAD group had significantly lower values for peak VO2 (p < 0.001), peak HR (p < 0.001), peak systolic BP (p < 0.001), peak rate-pressure product (p < 0.001), peak oxygen pulse (p = 0.008), OUES (p < 0.001), CP (p < 0.001), and VP (p < 0.001) and significantly higher values for peak diastolic BP (p = 0.004) and carbon dioxide production efficiency (p < 0.001) compared with CG. Stepwise regression analysis showed that CP was influenced by group (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.001) and VP was influenced by both group and number of vessels with stenosis after treatment (interaction effects: R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001).Conclusion:The indices CP and VP were lower in men with CAD than healthy controls.

Assessment of Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children Aged 1 to 15 Years

Abstract Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been shown to be increased in children and adolescents with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, compared with those of healthy children. Objective: To assess the influence of sex, age and body mass index (BMI) on the CIMT in healthy children and adolescents aged 1 to 15 years. Methods: A total of 280 healthy children and adolescents (males, n=175; mean age, 7.49±3.57 years; mean BMI, 17.94±4.1 kg/m2) were screened for CIMT assessment. They were divided into 3 groups according to age: GI, 1 to 5 years [n=93 (33.2%); males, 57; mean BMI, 16±3 kg/m2]; GII, 6 to 10 years [n=127 (45.4%); males, 78; mean BMI, 17.9±3.7 kg/m2], and GIII, 11 to 15 years [n=60 (21.4%); males, 40; mean BMI, 20.9±4.5 kg/m2]. Results: There was no significant difference in CIMT values between male and female children and adolescents (0.43±0.06 mm vs. 0.42±0.05 mm, respectively; p=0.243). CIMT correlated with BMI neither in the total population nor in the 3 age groups according to Pearson correlation coefficient. Subjects aged 11 to 15 years had the highest CIMT values (GI vs. GII, p=0.615; GI vs. GIII, p=0.02; GII vs. GIII, p=0.004). Conclusions: CIMT is constant in healthy children younger than 10 years, regardless of sex or BMI. CIMT increases after the age of 10 years.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Morbidity and Mortality-Related Factors: a 5-Year Experience in Brazil

Abstract Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation has become an option for high-surgical-risk patients with aortic valve disease. Objective: To evaluate the in-hospital and one-year follow-up outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Methods: Prospective cohort study of transcatheter aortic valve implantation cases from July 2009 to February 2015. Analysis of clinical and procedural variables, correlating them with in-hospital and one-year mortality. Results: A total of 136 patients with a mean age of 83 years (80-87) underwent heart valve implantation; of these, 49% were women, 131 (96.3%) had aortic stenosis, one (0.7%) had aortic regurgitation and four (2.9%) had prosthetic valve dysfunction. NYHA functional class was III or IV in 129 cases (94.8%). The baseline orifice area was 0.67 ± 0.17 cm2 and the mean left ventricular-aortic pressure gradient was 47.3±18.2 mmHg, with an STS score of 9.3% (4.8%-22.3%). The prostheses implanted were self-expanding in 97% of cases. Perioperative mortality was 1.5%; 30-day mortality, 5.9%; in-hospital mortality, 8.1%; and one-year mortality, 15.5%. Blood transfusion (relative risk of 54; p = 0.0003) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (relative risk of 5.3; p = 0.036) were predictive of in-hospital mortality. Peak C-reactive protein (relative risk of 1.8; p = 0.013) and blood transfusion (relative risk of 8.3; p = 0.0009) were predictive of 1-year mortality. At 30 days, 97% of patients were in NYHA functional class I/II; at one year, this figure reached 96%. Conclusion: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation was performed with a high success rate and low mortality. Blood transfusion was associated with higher in-hospital and one-year mortality. Peak C-reactive protein was associated with one-year mortality.

Sombreamento dos cafezais: III - Resultados do 5º biênio (1961/1962)

This paper deals with data obtained in 1961 and 1962 in shaded and unshaded coffee plots at Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The results can be summarized as follows: a - the production, in shaded and unshaded plots, did not show differences statistically significant; b - the percentage of coffee berry borer infestation was higher in shaded plots as compared with unshaded ones; c - coffee fruits brought from the field in the harvest time yielding up in sunshaded plots as compared with shaded ones.

Determinação de cálcio "trocável" em solos por fotometria e chama

O presente trabalho relata o método de determinação do cálcio "trocável" dos solos do Estado de São Paulo, baseado na fotometria de chama. O método baseado na fotometria de chama foi comparado com o permanganométrico, através da determinação do cálcio "trocável" em 10 amostras de terra, tendo sido feitas 5 repetições com cada método. QUARDO 4 Cálcio «trocável» em solos, determinado pelo método permaíiganométrico e por fotometria de chama (média de 5 repetições). Solo Permanganometria Fotometria de chama n.o e. mg/100 g de solo e.mg/100 g de solo 1 3,58 ± 0,004 3,75 ± 0,040 2 2,60 ± 0,059 2,53 ± 0,026 3 0,54 ± 0,025 0,69 ± 0,034 4 0,39 ± 0,036 0,37 ± 0,020 5 3,61 ± 0,027 3,22 ± 0,044 6 9,41 ± 0,038 9,40 ± 0,074 7 1,00 ± 0,000 0,93 ± 0,001 8 1,79 ± 0,032 1,53 ± 0,069 9 1,00 ± 0,000 0,92 ± 0,000 10 0,60 ± 0,027 0,58 ± 0,033 Foi estudada também a influência de diversos íons (magnésio, manganês, potássio, sódio, ferro, alumínio e fosfato) na determinação do cálcio por fotometria de chama. O método de determinação do cálcio "trocável" do solo, baseado em fotometria de chama forneceu resultados equivalentes ao método permanganométrico, com enorme vantagem na rapidez.

Comparação do crescimento entre Callinectes sapidus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) coletados em campo e mantidos em condições contoladas

Devido à falta de estruturas rígidas para determinação de idade em crustáceos, métodos que se baseiam na determinação de idade através da distribuição da freqüência de comprimentos são comumente utilizados. Neste trabalho, foi comparado o crescimento do siri-azul, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, em laboratório e a partir de indivíduos de campo. Os indivíduos de laboratório, após a coleta, tiveram seu crescimento acompanhado individualmente. A temperatura foi mantida constante (25±2°C) e a salinidade a 20±5. Os indivíduos do campo foram coletados entre 2002 e 2004 em pontos pré-determinados no estuário da Laguna dos Patos, com rede de portas. A biometria, nos dois casos, constou da medida da largura da carapaça (LC mm). As estimativas das curvas de crescimento, segundo o modelo de Bertalanffy para os indivíduos de campo, foram obtidas pelo acompanhamento do deslocamento modal (MPA). O tamanho máximo de largura de carapaça utilizado foi mantido fixo em todas as análises (157,78 mm para fêmeas e 162,71 mm para machos). Para os indivíduos mantidos em laboratório, os parâmetros e a longevidade obtidos foram k=0,001/dia; t o=-1,53; longevidade de 3117 dias (8,5 anos) para machos e k=0,002/dia; t o=-29,5; longevidade de 2795 dias para fêmeas (7,7 anos). Os parâmetros de crescimento e a longevidade estimados para os animais coletados em campo foram k=0,004/dia; t o=-4,23; 1267 dias (3,5 anos) para machos e k=0,004/dia; t o=-3,71; 1260 dias (3,45 anos) para fêmeas. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre animais de laboratório e de campo, sugerindo que a espécie responde de forma diferente ao ambiente em que está inserida.