Fatores associados à eficiência na alocação de recursos públicos à luz do modelo de regressão quantílica

Este estudo visou responder à questão: quais são os fatores associados aos níveis de eficiência na alocação de recursos públicos? Tendo como norteador o referencial teórico dos tópicos relativos à eficiência na alocação do recurso público e fatores determinantes da eficiência na alocação do recurso público, este estudo se baseou em análises estatísticas tendo como universo os 853 municípios do estado de Minas Gerais, porém só foram analisados 831, os quais continham a totalidade dos dados necessários. Como um dos principais resultados, destaca-se a criação do índice de eficiência municipal. Além disso, verificou-se que municípios que possuem piores condições socioeconômicas têm sua gestão pública influenciada por uma gama maior de variáveis exógenas. Assim, nota-se ser premente a criação de mecanismos que minimizem os efeitos daquelas variáveis cuja influência sobre a gestão pública e sua eficiência se deu de forma negativa. Por outro lado, deve-se buscar maximizar a influência daquelas cuja associação ao índice de eficiência municipal se deu de forma positiva.

What factors of satisfaction and motivation are affecting the development of the academic career in Portuguese higher education institutions?

An important constituent group and a key resource of higher education institutions (HEIs) is the faculty or academic staff. The centrality of the faculty role makes it a primary sculptor of institutional culture and has implications for the quality of the institution and therefore has a major role in achieving the objectives of the institution. Demand for academic staff in higher education has been increasing and may be expected to continue to increase. Moreover the performance of academic staff as teachers and researchers determines much of the student satisfaction and has an impact on student learning. There are many factors that serve to undermine the commitment of academics to their institutions and careers. Job satisfaction is important in revitalizing staff motivation and in keeping their enthusiasm alive. Well motivated academic staff can, with appropriate support, build a national and international reputation for themselves and the institution in the professional areas, in research and in publishing. This paper aims to identify the issues and their impacts on academic staff job satisfaction and motivation within Portuguese higher education institutions reporting an ongoing study financed by the European Union through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology.

Surto de toxoplasmose em um seminário de Bragança Paulista (Estado de São Paulo): aspectos clínicos, sorológicos e epidemiológicos

Nove casos de toxoplasmose adquirida comprovada (forma linfoglandular), ocorridos em um Seminário de Bragança Paulista, motivaram uma investigação clínica e sorológica. De acôrdo com os dados assim obtidos, pelo menos 30 pessoas (em um total de 81) apresentavam toxoplasmose na ocasião. Ao todo, foram realizadas 314 reações de Sabin-Feldman e de imunofluorescência indireta. O inquérito sorológico pela prova do corante extendeu-se também a algumas espécies animais da localidade. Em vista das limitações relativas à investigação epidemiológica, foi possível apenas a colocação de várias hipóteses, nada se podendo concluir quanto aos aspectos epidemiológicos do surto. Registrando, pela primeira vez, na literatura médica esta ocorrência, os autores alertam para a possibilidade dêstes surtos em instituições fechadas ou zona rural. Insistem na necessidade de pesquisas mais profundas, em situações similares, para o reconhecimento das fontes de infecção e mecanismos de transmissão, a despeito das dificuldades decorrentes dos escassos conhecimentos sôbre a história natural da toxoplasmose e do ciclo biológico do parasita.

Níveis de aglutininas anti-tifoídicas em esquistossomóticos hepato-esplênicos

Dois grupos, constituídos de 43 esquistossomóticos hepato-esplênicos e 83 indivíduos controle, foram analisados quanto à prevalência de aglutininas anti-tifoídicas. Os esquistossomóticos apresentaram freqüência maior de aglutininas anti-tifoídicas (H e/ou O e/ou Vi) e de aglutininas anti-O do que os indivíduos "normais". Apesar de que estes dados se devam, pelo menos parcialmente, à maior exposição natural dos esquistossomóticos aos antígenos estudados, sugere-se não estar ocorrendo deficiência na síntese de anticorpos, hipótese esta freqüentemente associada às baixas taxas de positividade de anticorpos anti-O encontrados nestes pacientes com bacteremia prolongada pela Salmonella.

Incômodo causado pelo ruído urbano à população de Curitiba, PR

Descreve-se a reação da população de Curitiba, PR -- cidade com aproximadamente 1,6 milhões de habitantes --, ao ruído ambiental . Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários distribuídos aleatoriamente a moradores da cidade. Dos 1.000 questionários distribuídos, 860 (86%) foram avaliados. As principais fontes de ruído causadoras de incômodo identificadas foram o tráfego de veículos (73%) e os vizinhos (38%), sendo que estes foram classificados como a principal fonte de desconforto. Todos os respondentes apontaram pelo menos um dos seguintes itens como geradores de ruído: vizinhos, animais, sirenes, construção civil, templos religiosos, casas noturnas, brinquedos e aparelhos domésticos. As principais reações ao ruído foram: irritabilidade (58%), baixa concentração (42%), insônia (20%) e dores de cabeça (20%).

FATAL DISSEMINATED CRYPTOCOCCOSIS WITH RENAL INVOLVEMENT IN AN HIV-INFECTED PATIENT

SUMMARY Introduction: We present a fatal case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a young man whose diagnosis of HIV infection was made at the time of admission to the emergency room. Case report: The patient was a twenty-three-year-old man, with a history of daily fever during one month associated with diarrhea, weight loss, headache, vomiting and generalized seizures. He also had a history of diabetes mellitus, alcoholism and drug addiction. Upon physical examination the patient was pale, disoriented and had periods of agitation. White blood cells count was 3,440/mm3 (5% lymphocytes), hemoglobin was 10g/dL, platelets were 83,000/ mm3. Creatinine was 0.7 mg/dL; urea 19 mg/dL; Na, K, and liver enzymes were within normal limits. Lactic dehydrogenase was 494 IU/L. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed 10 white blood cells/mm3 (58% neutrophils, 31% lymphocytes, 11% monocytes) and 2 red blood cells/mm3. India ink test revealed six Cryptococcus yeasts/mm3. CSF glucose was 122 mg/dL and protein was 36 mg/ dL. VDRL test was negative and anti-HIV test was positive. Intravenous hydration, insulin, phenytoin, fluconazole, pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, folinic acid, and amphotericin B were started. The patient did not improve and became obtunded and hypotensive. He was intubated and put on mechanical respiration. He received vasoactive drugs and died less than 24 hours after admission. A postmortem examination was performed and revealed disseminated cryptococcosis, with severe involvement of the kidneys. Conclusion: Cryptococcosis, as a rule, is a systemic disease that affects mostly immunocompromised individuals, especially patients with AIDS. When diagnosed late in its course it has a very high mortality.

EXPERIMENTAL PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN PREGNANT RATS

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb), is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. There are few reports in the literature about the disease damages during pregnancy and the consequences to the fetuses and breeding. This study evaluated the implications of PCM during pregnancy on offspring and mothers in Wistar rats. Groups of rats were submitted to systemic Pb infection, by intraperitoneal infusion, and mated 30 days after the infection date. Immediately after birth, rats and neonates were sacrificed to obtain organs for standard histological examination, morphometric analysis, fungi recovery by plating (CFU) and dosing of anti-Pb antibodies by ELISA. There were no stillbirths or miscarriages, however, the fetuses from infected pregnant rats had lower body and organ weight but the fertility rate was 100%. The largest number of CFU was recovered from the organ of pregnant rats, the pathological examination revealed more severe infection in the same group, further on the largest number of granulomas and fungal field. It can be concluded that the PCM was more severe in the group of pregnant rats, with implications to the weight of offspring.

Pheochromocytoma treated by laparoscopic surgery

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of the laparoscopic technique in the treatment of adrenal pheochromocytoma. METHOD: Ten patients, 7 men and 3 women, between 10 and 67 years of age (mean 48) with pheochromocytoma underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy and were evaluated retrospectively, based on clinical, laboratory, and pathological diagnosis. In all cases there was a solid unilateral adrenal tumor, 5 on the left side and 5 on the right side, whose greater diameter varied from 7 to 80 mm (mean 32). Nine of the 10 patients were chronically hypertensive or had already had hypertensive crises. One patient was normotensive, but presented metabolic alterations suggestive of adrenergic hyperfunction. RESULTS: No deaths occurred in this series. There were two (20%) conversions to open surgery, one due to venous bleeding and one due to the difficulty of dissection behind the vena cava in a patient presenting a partially retro-caval tumor. Surgical time in the 8 non-converted cases ranged from 70 to 215 minutes (mean 136). One patient (10%) received blood transfusion, and another (10%) presented two complications - acute renal failure and a subcutaneous infection. Both had been converted to open surgery. None of the non-converted cases was transfused or presented complications. Hospital discharge occurred between the 2nd and 11th post-operative day (mean 3). The pathological exam of the surgical specimens confirmed the diagnoses of pheochromocytoma in all 10 cases, one of them associated with an aldosterone-producing cortical tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for selected patients presenting pheochromocytoma is feasible and provides good results.

Anatomia Foliar e Caulinar de Picrolemma sprucei Hook (Simaroubaceae)

Os estudos anatômicos das folhas e caules de Picrolemma sprucei revelaram que as epidermes das folhas são glabras, apresentam células de paredes onduladas e estômatos anomocíticos. O mesofilo é dorsiventral com uma camada de células em paliçada e um parênquima lacunoso. Os feixes vasculares são bicolaterais e apresentam idioblastos escuros de conteúdo tânico. No caule evidencia-se um parênquima cortical desenvolvido, com células de natureza esclerenquimática, isoladas ou reunidas em pequenos grupos, de paredes espessas. Internamente observa-se a região vascular com vasos xilemáticos isolados ou em grupos imersos em tecido fibroso, sendo o parênquima do tipo paratraqueal, vasicêntrico. Na região central encontra-se uma medula desenvolvida. Testes histoquímicos (sudam III e cloreto férrico) realizados na nervura mediana do terço médio do limbo foliar e no pecíolo revelaram respectivamente, a presença de um conteúdo tânico e óleo-resinoso em algumas de suas células.

Sequencing of E2 and NS5A regions of HCV genotype 3a in Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease throughout the world. The NS5A and E2 proteins of HCV genotype 1 were reported to inhibit the double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), which is involved in the cellular antiviral response induced by interferon (IFN). The response to IFN therapy is quite different between genotypes, with response rates among patients infected with types 2 and 3 that are two-three-fold higher than in patients infected with type 1. Interestingly, a significant percentage of HCV genotype 3-infected patients do not respond to treatment at all. The aim of this paper was to analyse the sequences of fragments of the E2 and NS5A regions from 33 outpatients infected with genotype 3a, including patients that have responded (SVR) or not responded (NR) to treatment. HCV RNA was extracted and amplified with specific primers for the NS5A and E2 regions and the PCR products were then sequenced. The sequences obtained covered amino acids (aa) 636-708 in E2 and in NS5A [including the IFN sensitivity determining region (ISDR), PKR-binding domain and extended V3 region)]. In the E2 and NS5A regions, we did observe aa changes among patients, but these changes were not statistically significant between the SVR and NR groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that the ISDR domain is not predictive of treatment success in patients infected with HCV genotype 3a.

Malaria in pregnant women living in areas of low transmission on the southeast Brazilian Coast: molecular diagnosis and humoural immunity profile

Studies on autochthonous malaria in low-transmission areas in Brazil have acquired epidemiological relevance because they suggest continued transmission in what remains of the Atlantic Forest. In the southeastern portion of the state of São Paulo, outbreaks in the municipality of Juquitiba have been the focus of studies on the prevalence of Plasmodium, including asymptomatic cases. Data on the occurrence of the disease or the presence of antiplasmodial antibodies in pregnant women from this region have not previously been described. Although Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women has been widely addressed in the literature, the interaction of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae with this cohort has been poorly explored to date. We monitored the circulation of Plasmodium in pregnant women in health facilities located in Juquitiba using thick blood film and molecular protocols, as well as immunological assays, to evaluate humoural immune parameters. Through real-time and nested polymerase chain reaction, P. vivax and P. malariae were detected for the first time in pregnant women, with a positivity of 5.6%. Immunoassays revealed the presence of IgG antibodies: 44% for ELISA-Pv, 38.4% for SD-Bioline-Pv and 18.4% for indirect immunofluorescence assay-Pm. The high prevalence of antibodies showed significant exposure of this population to Plasmodium. In regions with similar profiles, testing for a malaria diagnosis might be indicated in prenatal care.

Planosols Developed in Different Geoenvironmental Conditions in Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT The semiarid region of northeastern Brazil has a large area occupied by Planosols, where in the State of Pernambuco these soils are mainly used for livestock farming and subsistence crops. The knowledge on these soils is limited, which compromises the understanding on their behavior, potentialities and limitations.This study aimed to analyze morphological, chemical, physical and mineralogical attributes of Planosols developed under different geoenvironmental conditions. Morphological descriptions and chemical, physical and mineralogical analyses were performed in four profiles of Planosols along a rainfall gradient. An increase in rainfall allowed for an increase in the clay content in the Bt horizon and a reduction in ESP, EC, Na+, CEC, S, pH (water and KCl) and soil density. Horizons A and E were thicker in Planosols in more humid environments. The increase in ESP associated with the presence of expansive minerals (smectite and vermiculite) allowed the development of a prismatic structure in Haplic Planosols and a columnar structure in Natric Planosols. The mineralogical assembly is indicative of poorly weathered soils. The mineralogical assemblies of the silt and clay fractions were similar in the different geoenvironments, while higher contents of easily alterable minerals were observed in the composition of the sand fraction in environments with a drier climate.

Tumor de pequenas células redondas desmoplásico intra-abdominal: relato de caso

Os autores relatam um caso de tumor de pequenas células redondas desmoplásico intra-abdominal acometendo paciente do sexo masculino, de 21 anos de idade, atendido com quadro de dor abdominal, trombose do membro inferior direito e perda da função renal, de causa obstrutiva. A investigação demonstrou volumosa lesão abdominopélvica, sólida, bocelada, com áreas císticas internas, situada posteriormente à bexiga, causando obstrução ureteral, compressão da veia ilíaca direita e oclusão parcial do reto, além de acometimento de linfonodos intra e retroperitoneais. São descritos os achados cirúrgicos, de ultra-sonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, bem como aqueles do estudo macroscópico, microscopia e imuno-histoquímica.

Tomografia computadorizada da coluna lombar após artrodese com emprego de material metálico: avaliação da qualidade da imagem para diferentes algoritmos matemáticos

OBJETIVO: Selecionar os melhores algoritmos para o exame de coluna lombar na avaliação de artrodese com material metálico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se um equipamento de tomografia computadorizada de 16 fileiras de detectores. Imagens de dez pacientes foram reconstruídas com filtros 20, 40, 60 e 80 e realizadas reformatações em três dimensões e multiplanares com espessuras de 2 mm e 4 mm. Um total de 320 imagens foi avaliado por três experientes radiologistas, que deram notas de 1 a 5 (1 = não-aceitável; 2 = abaixo dos padrões; 3 = aceitável; 4 = acima da média; 5 = excelente). Além disso, foram realizadas medidas de ruído para correlação com o tipo de filtro utilizado. RESULTADOS: As médias do valor de ruído para reconstrução com 2 mm e filtros 20, 40, 60 e 80 foram de 24,7 ± 4,3; 35,5 ± 4,2; 106,0 ± 18,5 e 145,9 ± 26,9, respectivamente, e para 4 mm foram de 18,1 ± 2,4; 25,1 ± 4,6; 76,7 ± 17,2 e 106,6 ± 23,4. CONCLUSÃO: As imagens coloridas em três dimensões são mais bem visualizadas com filtro 20, entretanto, nas imagens em tons de cinza um filtro intermediário de 40 ou 60 pode ser útil para demonstrar os parafusos com maior detalhe. Para reconstruções multiplanares com espessura de 2 mm o filtro 40 é mais bem aceito, e para uma espessura de 4 mm um filtro 60 apresentou melhor qualidade.