Quando a fotografia (já) fazia os antropólogos sonharem: O jornal La Lumière (1851-1860)

Na efervescente metade do século XIX, marcada pela febre da ordem e do progresso, da racionalidade e das luzes, os antropólogos-naturalistas franceses descobrem, ao lado de muitos outros cientistas, as possibilidades heurísticas que a fotografia ofereceria à "visão" que eles tinham da "antropologia", a saber essa tentativa de mapeamento da "espécie humana", das raças e, dentre elas, dos tipos humanos, numa perspectiva claramente evolucionista. O jornal La Lumière (1851-1867), primeira publicação francesa dedicada à "Fotografia, às Artes e às Ciências", foi parcialmente reimpresso em 1995. Mergulhando nas colunas desse semanário, o leitor, além de adquirir uma idéia das origens da antropologia francesa, descobre as profissões de fé que se erguem em torno do novo suporte técnico e da nova "retina do cientista". Descobre, também, como essa prótese instaura uma nova ordem do olhar e levanta, em termos de uma epistemologia do conhecimento, um interessante questionamento em torno de dois outros meios de representações figurativas nos círculos antropológicos da época: os desenhos e as moldagens.

Comparison of feeding and defecation patterns between fifth-instar nymphs of Triatoma patagonica (Del Ponte, 1929) and Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1934) under laboratory conditions

Among the vectors of Chagas disease, Triatoma patagonica is a species in the process of adaptation to the human environment. However, its vector competence is not well known. This study had the aim of evaluating and comparing feeding and defecation patterns among fifth-instar nymphs of Triatoma patagonica and Triatoma infestans that were fed ad libitum. The results showed that nymphs of Triatoma patagonica had a feeding pattern similar to that of Triatoma infestans. Sixty nine percent and 58% of nymphs of Triatoma patagonica and Triatoma infestans, respectively, produced their first defecation within five minutes after being fed. Triatoma patagonica defecated during feeding, with an average time until first defecation that was shorter than that of Triatoma infestans (3.4 and 6.2 min, respectively). The nymphs of Triatoma patagonica were capable of defecating during or immediately after feeding.

Gamidactylus bryconis sp. n. (COPEPODA, POECILOSTOMATOIDA, VAIGAMIDAE) DAS FOSSAS NASAIS DE PEIXES, Brycon pellegrini HOLLY, 1929 E Β. melanopterus (COPE, 1872) DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

Gamidactylus bryconissp. n. foi coletada nas fossas nasais de Brycon pellegrinie Β. melanopterus.A nova espécie é semelhante a Gamidactylus jaraquensis,por possuir antena com espinhos móvel distal no terceiro segmento e garra terminal, além de um par de retroestiletes laterais móveis, no primeiro somito torácico. Difere da espécie já conhecida no comprimento e forma dos retroestiletes e na ornamentação das pernas.

Ergasilus yumaricussp. n. (COPEPODA: ERGASILIDAE) DAS BRÂNQUIAS DE Pygocentrus nattereri (KNER, 1860), Serrasalmus rhombeus (LINNAEUS, 1819) E Pristobrycon eigenmanni (NORMAN, 1929) (CHARACIFORMES : SERRASALMIDAE) DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

Ergasilus yumaricussp. n. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) é proposta. Os espécimens foram coletados dos filamentos branquiais de Pygocentrus nattereri, Serrasalmus rhombeuse Pristobrycon eigenmannido Rio Guaporé próximo à Pimenteiras, rios Guaporé e Mamoré próximo à Surpresa, rio Jiparaná próximo à Jiparaná e Pacaás Novos próximo à Guajará-Mirim, Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. A nova espécie tem uma seta forte, pectinada e falciforme no primeiro exopodito, indicando uma relação com outras seis espécies amazônicas. Esta espécie difere das outras na forma do corpo, ornamentações das pernas, antenas e urossomitos.

Contribuição para o conhecimento da Mimosicerya hempeli (Cockerell, 1899) (Homoptera. Margarodidae) e de seu predador Exoplectra erythrogasfer Mulsant, 1851 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)

This paper deals with Mimosicerya hempeli (Cock., 1899) (Homoptera, Margarodidae) and its predator, the ladybeetle Exo-plectra erythrogaster Muls., 1851 (Coleoptews, Coccinellidae), which were found to occur at Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brasil. The first is a pest of "cássia imperial" (Cassia fistula L.), and several other trees. As those insects are little known, a few bionomical notes and descriptions of some of their stages are presented. The adult scales proved to be very resistant to an application of mineral oil plus malathion. Methyl Demeton applied with irrigation water showed no control. The same insecticide injected into the trunk gave very poor results.

Redescrição de Passalus zikani Luederwaldt, 1929: (Coleoptera, Passalidae)

Bei der Untersuchung der J. F. Zikán Sammlung die sich im Instituto Oswaldo Cruz befindet, fanden wir den Typus des Passalus zikani Luederwaldt, 1929. Disese Arbeit besteht aus einer neuen und vollkommener Beschreibung dieser Art die wier mit sieben anderen Exemplaren verglichen, davon sechs Topotypi sind, auch von derselben Sammlung.

Infection of Oxydoras kneri Bleecker, 1862 (Pisces, Doradidae) by the acanthocephalan Paracavisoma impudica (Diesing, 1851) Kritcher, 1957

Infection of Oxydoras kneri by the acanthocephalan Paracavisoma impudica is described. The parasites do not penetrate deeply into the host gut wall and do not reach the muscularis layers. Host reaction is minimal, consisting of limited fibrosis around the proboscides. Haemorrhages and lymphocyte infiltration are not observed, and phagocytic cells are only present occasionally. Oxydoras kneri is a newly reported host for Paracavisoma impudica.

Genetic variability among populations of Lutzomyia (Psathyromyia) shannoni (Dyar 1929) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Colombia

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to elucidate genetic variation at 13 isozyme loci among forest populations of Lutzomyia shannoni from three widely separated locations in Colombia: Palambí (Nariño Department), Cimitarra (Santander Department) and Chinácota (Norte de Santander Department). These samples were compared with a laboratory colony originating from the Magdalena Valley in Central Colombia. The mean heterozygosity ranged from 16 to 22%, with 2.1 to 2.6 alleles detected per locus. Nei's genetic distances among populations were low, ranging from 0.011 to 0.049. The estimated number of migrants (Nm=3.8) based on Wright's F-Statistic, F ST, indicated low levels of gene flow among Lu. shannoni forest populations. This low level of migration indicates that the spread of stomatitis virus occurs via infected host, not by infected insect. In the colony sample of 79 individuals, the Gpi locus was homozygotic (0.62/0.62) in all females and heterozygotic (0.62/0.72) in all males. Although this phenomenon is probably a consequence of colonization, it indicates that Gpi is linked to a sex determining locus.

Feeding and defaecation behaviour of Triatoma patagonica (Del Ponte, 1929) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Among the vectors of Chagas disease, Triatoma patagonica is a species in the process of adaptation to the human environment being recently registered in urban and suburban zones. However, its importance as a vector of Chagas disease is unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate two aspects of vectorial competence: the feeding behaviour and the defaecation pattern. These processes were studied in females of T. patagonica fed ad libitum on a restrained pigeon. The results showed that the blood meal size was negatively correlated with the time of first defaecation (r = -0.42). The first defaecation was emitted before the first 10 min and defaecations during feeding were frequent. A total of 73% of females, defaecated during the first 30 min post-feeding. These results suggest that if this species subsequently colonizes the domicile, it would be capable of transmitting Trypanosoma cruzi.

O gênero Callideriphus Blanchard, 1851 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Heteropsini)

The genus Callideriphus Blanchard, 1851 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Heteropsini). The genus Callideriphus comprises only two species: C. grossipes Blanchard, 1851 (type species) and C. tucumanus sp. nov. (Argentina, Tucumán). The type locality of C. grossipes had been originally indicated as Chile, but it is supposedly considered erroneous. Its distribution, actually, extends from Southeastern Brazil up to Argentina, along the Atlantic Forest. This species is extremely variable in regard to its coloration and elytral punctation. Two subspecies are recognized: C. grossipes grossipes Blanchard, 1851 (BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina) and C. grossipes flavipennis Melzer, 1934 (BRAZIL: Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul; ARGENTINA: Chaco, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires). Four intermediate forms are recorded and commented. Redescription and a key to species are added. Nomenclatural changes: Callideriphus grossipes grossipes Blanchard, 1851 = C. grossipes var. brasliensis Melzer, 1923 syn. nov. = C. rubricollis Melzer, 1934 syn. nov.; Callideriphus grossipes flavipennis Melzer, 1934 stat nov. = C. signaticollis Melzer, 1934 syn. nov.