Programa de gerenciamento de resíduos dos laboratórios de graduação da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - Campus Erechim

This work presents a proposal for the management of residues from teaching laboratories. The main goals of the proposal are: scale reduction of experiments, reuse of residues as raw materials for new experiments and appropriate treatment and storage of residues. The methodology includes standardized labels for residue classification and registration of experimental classes and their residues in files. The management seemed to be efficient, resulting in a reduction of the amount of reagents utilized and residues generated, and an increase of reutilization of residues. A considerable decrease of needed storage space and suitable methods for correct residue disposal were achieved. We expect that all laboratories, including those exclusively for research activities, become involved, in a near future, in the Residue Management Project of URI - Campus Erechim.

O enquadramento das Missões de Paz (PKO) nas teorias da guerra e de polícia

A clareza original do que sejam as operações de manutenção, ou Missões de Paz - PKO - já não existe, se é que algum dia ela de fato existiu. No decorrer desse artigo Busca-se enquadrar as PKO nas teorias de guerra e de polícia, com base no entendimento sobre força e violência, uso da força, guerra e paz. Ao final, há algumas observações sobre a utilidade desses enquadramentos.

Towards an uncertain future? The strengthening of Japan's autonomy in Asia-Pacific

Recently, Japan has been increasing tensions with China regarding the Pinnacle Senkaku/Diaoyu islands. Due to the Chinese military development, Japan has been working on its political and military strengthening in Asia. This essay presents two possible scenarios for Japan.

Comprometimento de servidores públicos e alcance de missões organizacionais

O comprometer-se com a organização envolve alguma atividade do indivíduo no sentido de identificar-se com ela e desejar manter-se como seu membro, a fim de satisfazer seus interesses e facilitar o alcance das missões organizacionais. Adotando a concepção de comprometimento afetivo de Mowday, Porter e Steers (1979), que enfatiza a natureza do processo de identificação do indivíduo com os objetivos e valores da organização, e a escala reduzida proposta por Bastos (1994), este artigo analisa o comprometimento organizacional de servidores públicos ligados à atividade-fim em saúde, educação e segurança. Os resultados apontam que o instrumento modificado permite identificar o comprometimento dos servidores e que este está vinculado à missão organizacional percebida e não à missão real. Na amostra estudada, altos níveis de comprometimento foram encontrados entre servidores da área de segurança, quando comparada às áreas de saúde e educação.

A importância das medidas multidimensionais de pobreza para a administração pública: um exercício em Palmeira das Missões (RS)

O principal objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que as medidas multidimensionais de pobreza são importantes para a administração pública, tendo em vista que apresentam diferentes características das pessoas pobres a serem atendidas por políticas públicas. Através dessas medidas, é possível identificar as dimensões de vida em que a população é mais privada e, consequentemente, focalizar as políticas para melhor suprir essas necessidades. Para tanto, o artigo fundamenta-se conceitualmente na Abordagem das Capacitações de Sen (1985, 2000, 2001) e apresenta uma medida multidimensional de pobreza construída para o município de Palmeira das Missões (RS), a partir de um instrumento de pesquisa baseado nos trabalhos de Barros, Carvalho e Franco (2003) e Santos (2007). Os resultados demonstram que a pobreza vista de uma perspectiva mais ampla, como a medida calculada para o município de Palmeira das Missões, pode apontar uma realidade diferente para a dinâmica da pobreza e, dessa forma, alterar o foco da política de combate à pobreza para ser mais efetiva. Nesse sentido, as medidas multidimensionais de pobreza são relevantes para a administração pública, uma vez que caracterizam melhor a realidade, auxiliando no entendimento de suas causas e na proposta de políticas.

Mortality problems in Brazil and in Germany: past-present-future. Learning from each other?

This article was written by a Swiss-German historical demographer after having visited different Brazilian Universities in 1984 as a guest-professor. It aims at promoting a real dialog between developed and developing countries, commencing the discussion with the question: Can we learn from each other? An affirmative answer is given, but not in the superficial manner in which the discussion partners simply want to give each other some "good advice" or in which the one declares his country's own development to be the solely valid standard. Three points are emphasized: 1. Using infant mortality in S. Paulo from 1908 to 1983 as an example, it is shown that Brazil has at its disposal excellent, highly varied research literature that is unjustifiably unknown to us (in Europe) for the most part. Brazil by no means needs our tutoring lessons as regards the causal relationships; rather, we could learn two things from Brazil about this. For one, it becomes clear that our almost exclusively medical-biological view is inappropriate for passing a judgment on the present-day problems in Brazil and that any conclusions so derived are thus only transferable to a limited extent. For another, we need to reinterpret the history of infant mortality in our own countries up to the past few decades in a much more encompassing "Brazilian" sense. 2. A fruitful dialog can only take place if both partners frankly present their problems. For this reason, the article refers with much emprasis to our present problems in dealing with death and dying - problems arising near the end of the demographic and epidemiologic transitions: the superanuation of the population, chronic-incurable illnesses as the main causes of death, the manifold dependencies of more and more elderly and really old people at the end of a long life. Brazil seems to be catching up to us in this and will be confronted with these problems sooner or later. A far-sighted discussion already at this time seems thus to be useful. 3. The article, however, does not want to conclude with the rather depressing state of affairs of problems alternatingly superseding each other. Despite the caution which definitely has a place when prognoses are being made on the basis of extrapolations from historical findings, the foreseeable development especially of the epidemiologic transition in the direction of a rectangular survival curve does nevertheless provide good reason for being rather optimistic towards the future: first in regards to the development in our own countries, but then - assuming that the present similar tendencies of development are stuck to - also in regard to Brazil.

Dengue vaccines: what we know, what has been done, but what does the future hold?

Dengue, a disease caused by any of the four serotypes of dengue viruses, is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease in the world in terms of both morbidity and mortality. The infection by these viruses induces a plethora of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe diseases with involvement of several organs. Severe forms of the disease are more frequent in secondary infections by distinct serotypes and, consequently, a dengue vaccine must be tetravalent. Although several approaches have been used on the vaccine development, no vaccine is available against these viruses, especially because of problems on the development of a tetravalent vaccine. Here, we describe briefly the vaccine candidates available and their ability to elicit a protective immune response. We also discuss the problems and possibilities of any of the vaccines in final development stage reaching the market for human use.

Chagas disease in the State of Amazonas: history, epidemiological evolution, risks of endemicity and future perspectives

Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic infection that originated in the Americas and is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. In the last few years, the disease has spread to countries in North America, Asia and Europe due to the migration of Latin Americans. In the Brazilian Amazon, CD has an endemic transmission, especially in the Rio Negro region, where an occupational hazard was described for piaçaveiros (piassaba gatherers). In the State of Amazonas, the first chagasic infection was reported in 1977, and the first acute CD case was recorded in 1980. After initiatives to integrate acute CD diagnostics with the malaria laboratories network, reports of acute CD cases have increased. Most of these cases are associated with oral transmission by the consumption of contaminated food. Chronic cases have also been diagnosed, mostly in the indeterminate form. These cases were detected by serological surveys in cardiologic outpatient clinics and during blood donor screening. Considering that the control mechanisms adopted in Brazil's classic transmission areas are not fully applicable in the Amazon, it is important to understand the disease behavior in this region, both in the acute and chronic cases. Therefore, the pursuit of control measures for the Amazon region should be a priority given that CD represents a challenge to preserving the way of life of the Amazon's inhabitants.