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The article discusses the great controversy over the time gap between the narrated fact and the author’s life period in the concept of the historical romance. For many literary critics, perhaps most of them, it is necessary that the action of the novel, or at least most of it, happens in a period of time before the lifetime of the novelist, and for others, this criteria is too rigid and outdated. Therefore and taking into consideration that George Lukacs, the first theorist of historical novel, placed Balzac in the group of novelists as one of the followers of Walter Scott’s techniques, stating that the French novelist “created a superior type and so far unknown historical novel, which is a representation of this as history, this article presents a reflection on the controversy, checking whether there is really need that the temporal distance has a greater relevance than the dialogue with history and its representation in the characterization of a historical novel.

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Inserted in the perspective of literary studies, this paper proposes an analysis of the “Cartas Portuguesas” (Portuguese Letters), a work attributed to Mariana Alcoforado, assuming that this work is constituted within the Lusitanian literature as an important formative element of the imaginary loving Portuguese female voice. Through the study, it is possible to identify the fact that the letters are prefaced, stylistically or thematically, by the songs of love and of friend, and succeeded by works such as “Livro de Sóror Saudade” (Book of Longing Sóror), of Florbela Espanca, and “Novas Cartas Portuguesas” (New Portuguese Letters) by Maria Isabel Barreno, Maria Velho da Costa and Maria Teresa Horta.

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Ao tentar interpretar um texto, todo leitor vai certamente se deparar com muitos desafios. Há, sem dúvida, várias maneiras de ele tentar transpor as barreiras impostas nesse tipo de tarefa. Uma delas é, p.ex., perceber que certas palavras parecem ser mais importantes semanticamente do que outras, apesar de todas serem, no conjunto, imprescindíveis. Desenvolver uma análise lingüística tomando como base a identificação dessas palavras, aqui referidas como palavras-chaves, à luz de princípios semântico-lexicais, é o principal objetivo da pesquisa que vimos desenvolvendo já há algum tempo. Padrões Lexicais, tais como colocação, coligação e prosódia semântica, são itens com os quais trabalhamos. Partindo de um corpus no domínio da gastroenterologia e da palavra ‘causa’, muito freqüente em textos dessa natureza, tentaremos mostrar (i) a influência que essa palavra exerce sobre as outras com as quais se relaciona; (ii) a influência que ela própria sofre dessas outras palavras e, sobretudo, (iii) como toda essa articulação acaba afetando sobremaneira a interpretação de textos então considerados.

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The scope of the present study is to comprehend the professional identity of a group of English Teachers. The research sought the answer to the following question: How does the mastery of the speaking aspect of the English Language influence teacher’s professional identity? The choice of the topic arose during a continuing education course offered by the authors of the present work, whose partakers were EFL teachers. The research took into consideration both, experiences observed during the continuing education course and relevant data collected with the help of an open questionnaire, which participants answered at the end of the course. Contemporary literature also supported the conclusions concerning teacher’s professional identity and its close relation to two important factors: the way teachers perceive themselves and how others see them. Regarding the English Language Teacher professional identity, the participants of the research stated that professionals from this area are not as valued as they should; in their opinion, the lack of oral fluency of most teachers is a key factor on the existence of a professional misrepresentation. Results have shown that, for them, oral fluency is essential for academic and social recognition of their profession. All participants stressed the need of continuing education in terms of oral practice, due to the lack of opportunity of practicing the English Language daily. They also pointed that teachers with limited-fluency tend to avoid the use of the target language in order to “hide their deficit” on EL; on the other hand, teachers that are fluent in English “feel safer and with self-steam”. We have concluded, from our research, that the oral fluency is indeed important for the constitution of English Language teacher’s professional identity, exerting a positive influence on it. On the other hand, the fact of not being fluent in English Language contributes for the so called “teacher’s professional identity crisis”.