The fantastic in Erico Verissimo: analysis of the short story “Sonata”

Based on the fantastic narrative, this paper aims to present an analysis of the short story “Sonata”, from Erico Verissimo, which is part of his work Fantoches e outros contos, originally published in 1932. This is the first book published by this author, the only one of his own composed just by short stories. For the purpose of this paper, first of all, it is clarified the concept of fantastic narrative, according to the understanding of some authors – as Todorov (1979), Rodrigues (1988) and Calvino (2004) –, and, furthermore, it is briefly discussed the concepts of strange and marvelous, which contributes to the definition of fantastic. It is also mentioned aspects related to the emergence of fantastic and the reasons of its existence. To verify this element in the narrative, it is required a strange or supernatural event and, also, the hesitation of the reader and of a character. Besides, this kind of narrative involves a certain way of interpretation – the way that the reader faces the events presented by the story contributes to support the fantastic. After these considerations, it is presented a thorough analysis of the short story “Sonata”, which has music as a guide and presents the point of view of its main character, who is not named. That is the story of a young piano teacher that, in the context of World War II, moved by the desire of escaping from reality, gets immerse in old newspapers. In his reading, he finds out an ad from 1912, the year he was born, which requests the services of a piano teacher. From that moment on, a journey to the past starts, and, then, it is possible to verify the presence of several elements that point to the fantastic and allow the reader to experience the hesitation, such as the theory here in use indicates.

ORDER AND DISORDER: THE DIALECTIC OF TRICKERY IN "OSCARINA"

Marques Rebelo adopts the suburban areas of the city of Rio de Janeiro as a privileged space to situate his narratives, choosing individuals who represent the lower classes of society as characters. These characters, given the precarious nature of their condition, living in border situation between order and disorder, oscillate between hope and disillusion, sometimes glimpsing the remote possibility of upward mobility, now threatened by the fear of poverty and marginality. By doing this, the writer puts into scene two different social worlds living side by side and peacefully: those who seek to live according to the values ​​of the bourgeois social order and those who transgress the laws and moral principles and live by artifices and illegal means. This article examines some aspects of the short story "Oscarina", trying to understand how the worlds of order and disorder, or work and trickery are configured in narrative form through the trajectory of the character Jorge, the protagonist of the story. We seek to demonstrate that the boundaries between the two supposedly antagonistic universes are eventually diluted by the movement of the protagonist, who moves between the two spaces, which communicate and intertwined dialectically.

CRITICAL RECEPTION OF HILDA HILST´S LITERATURA

This paper aims to show how, contrary to what Hilda Hilst said in many interviews, his writing always had a guaranteed space in the press and has been increasingly studied in academia. Complaints of writer she was unread, proceed only if we consider that, although many critics of repute have written about his work, none of them leaned over time on the work Hilst´s literary work, nor did a more extensive and thorough study about it. Something that happened with the works of Guimarães Rosa and Clarice Lispector, for example. The desire of Hilst  was to be popular, readable, hence its repeated outrage, but ten years after his death, although there is a whole movement around her public figure, what we think is that her texts never popularizing.

LITERATURA E CULTURA NA AMÉRICA LATINA

O escritor questiona a possível inserção da literatura brasileira no conjunto da cultura da América Latina e, diante disso, faz um questionamento necessário: O que é América Latina? E, caso definido um conceito, qual a posição do Brasil no contexto desta América Latina? Somente depois seria possível tentar compreender o lugar da produção brasileira no âmbito da literatura latino-americana. O primeiro problema que se coloca, no entanto, é em que fundamentar a escolha. Tomando inicialmente o argumento linguístico, o autor analisa que a ideia de que a América Latina é a parte do continente americano unida pelas línguas originadas do latim deixa de fora uma porção considerável do território.

O novo e a Tradição em Riacho Doce: Entre o Pertencimento e a Ruína

Riacho Doce, junto a’ O Moleque Ricardo, Pureza, Riacho Doce, Água-Mãe e Eurídice, compõe uma parte da obra de Zé Lins que escapa às tradicionais leituras dos ciclos, da memória e do regionalismo. Esse romance, em particular, sofreu ainda maior ataque da crítica, que leu, no protagonismo do estrangeiro, uma tentativa fracassada do autor de inovar e escapar ao rótulo de memorialista. Este artigo, a partir da análise do romance, procura expor como José Lins do Rego, ao trazer uma protagonista estrangeira e dedicar toda a primeira parte da história à sua infância na Suécia, inovou sim, mas para operar uma complexificação dos elementos que unem sua obra e inseri-los em uma longa trajetória do pertencimento que une o nacional e o estrangeiro, a tradição e o novo. Através dessa trajetória da protagonista, Edna, vemos a terra como eixo organizador do romance, desde sua profunda crise do não pertencimento na juventude até sua perspectiva, perante o novo, atravessar o mar e invadir de cheio o conhecido conflito entre tradição e mudança, dotando-o de um novo olhar. Dedicando uma leitura atenta, como o fez Mário de Andrade, podemos perceber como esses elementos constroem um emaranhado de trajetórias e perspectivas em que a terra, a tradição, o novo, o estrangeiro e a busca por pertencer ou deixar de pertencer se aproximam, afastam-se e, por fim, confrontam-se.

A Literatura Juvenil e o Fenômeno Crossover: Uma Leitura de Limite Branco, de Caio Fernando Abreu

O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo verificar como o fenômeno da literatura crossover evidencia-se em Limite Branco, primeiro romance de Caio Fernando Abreu. Intenta-se demonstrar como por meio das temáticas fraturantes que veicula, bem como pelo emprego de estratégias narrativas sofisticadas, a obra ultrapassa o endereçamento a um público específico, desafiando o leitor de diferentes faixas etárias e experiências de vida e de leitura.

História da Literatura Infanto-Juvenil e a Influência Digital: da Criação da Infância ao Desenvolvimento do Livro Interativo

 A literatura infanto-juvenil surgiu com a criação da ideia de infância. Hoje, ela se apresenta a partir de adaptações de obras literárias em livros interativos fazendo-se valer de ferramentas e suportes tecnológicos atuais. Neste artigo, propomos uma retomada à história da literatura infanto-juvenil – a partir de autores como Zilberman (1985;1987) e Ariés (1985) –  e uma análise de seu diálogo contemporâneo com as novas mídias digitais – a partir de autores como Bolter & Grusin (2000). Para tanto, discorreremos desde a criação da infância até a criação do livro interativo, perpassando a questão da literatura como mídia e seu dialogo intermidiático com novas tecnologias.

ORIENTALIZATION AND SYNTHESIS IN THE HELENA KOLODY AND ALICE RUIZ S’S LYRIC

RESUMO: A lírica de Helena Kolody e Alice Ruiz S contribuem para propor (re)significações à obra kolodyana no contexto da Literatura Brasileira. Os temas recorrentes na lírica de Kolody e Ruiz S são o tempo, a solidão, a memória, a efemeridade e permanência, a viagem, entre outros. Com vários livros publicados, antologias e obras completas, Helena Kolody e Alice Ruiz S realizam um fazer poético enquanto busca da síntese, projetada nas formas escolhidas e no enxugamento dos textos. Os poemas sintéticos, tais como os dísticos, tercetos, quadras, epigramas, tankas e haicais (poesia de origem japonesa), são formas poéticas escolhidas pelas poetas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Poesia; Síntese; Helena Kolody; Alice Ruiz S; “tankas e haicais” (Poesia Japonesa).  http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1981-4755.20160007  

COMPREENSÃO DE METÁFORAS RELACIONADAS À FIGURA DO CAVALO NA CULTURA GAÚCHA

Este artigo tem por objetivo geral descrever um estudo que investiga a compreensão de metáforas conceituais e expressões linguísticas relacionadas à cultura gaúcha por crianças e adultos do interior e da capital do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir desse objetivo geral, surgem dois objetivos específicos, são eles: verificar a influência da variável “local de moradia” (interior versus capital) na compreensão de metáforas relacionadas à cultura gaúcha e investigar o papel desempenhado pela variável “idade” (crianças versus adultos) na compreensão das metáforas conceituais investigadas. Para tanto, foi elaborado um instrumento de compreensão dessas metáforas, sob a perspectiva da Teoria das Metáforas Conceituais (LAKOFF e JOHNSON, 1980). No que se refere à noção de cultura, foram adotadas para a presente pesquisa as ideias defendidas por Geertz (1989) e Strauss e Quinn (1997). As análises dos dados obtidos mostraram que tanto a “idade” quanto o “local de moradia” dos participantes tiveram uma influência significativa na compreensão das metáforas estudadas. Os resultados encontrados se alinham à proposta de Kövecses (2005) sobre variação em metáfora. Como aponta o autor, as dimensões regional e desenvolvimental apresentam diferenças na compreensão de metáforas envolvendo aspectos culturais.

FRANCISCO J. C. DANTAS AND THE DRAMATIC CONDITION OF THE NORTHEASTERN PEOPLE

Francisco J. C. Dantas, a novelist from Sergipe in Brazil, is seen as the responsible for resurrecting the regionalism in the Brazilian literary scenery. His novels glimpse narrators who see the world always by the bias of bitterness and hopelessness. It is evident in the characters the pessimism and disenchantment. This work aims to present the dramatic condition of the northeastern people alive in Francisco J. C. Dantas. Therefore, it will be analyzed the narrators of both author's first novels: Coivara da Memória and Os Desvalidos.

Language and Labour Centrality in Quarto de Despejo

Language is essential to mankind and it is a means to interact with nature. Another important element in the discursive constitution of the subject is labour; through it men transform themselves and the surrounding society and this is one of the most ontologically salient features of it. In this sense, this article analysis the literary representation of language and labor world in Quarto de despejo, by Carolina Maria de Jesus. As a theoretical framework to discuss concepts of labour it is adopted Marx (1996); Engels (1990) and Lukács (2004) whose works investigate that universe.  Bakhtin/Volochínov (1986), to reflect on language; Bosi (2002), to analyze literature as a field of resistance and Candido (1976), to consider the interactions between text and context. As a result of this investigation, it was concluded that language, represented by the work of a writer, has a central role in the life of Carolina, because it is through language that the author develops a social critique of the oppressive scenario in which she lives, transcending it in a certain measure. Carolina's work, garbage collector, is not an element of satisfaction in her life, but a meaningless activity and worthless human. However it is through the precarious work universe that language constitutes itself, unfolding as a hybrid between the material world and literary expedients.

The (Disen) Chant (ment) of the Bird: Memory and Testimony in Cacaso´s verses

The purpose of this text is to reflect on some of Antônio Carlos Ferreira de Brito (Cacaso)´s verses aiming to demonstrate not only their oscillations, but also how they are fundamentally related to the moment of production. The excess of reality - conceived as trauma – it is hard to be assimilated and it is revealed in some poems. Wounded-poems that testify about the impossibility of saying at the same time they are the evidence of the necessity of telling. Telling to, cathartically, expel the pain and release the traumatic memory. Resistance to remembering and facing the pain cross this poetic path and suggest how they both are almost irreconcilable. Some concepts like trauma, memory and testimony will be elucidated.        

PATATIVA DO ASSARÉ: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL LOOK ABOUT THE SPACE IN HIS POETHIC

This article approaches the image of the house and its possible nuances of habitation by Bachelard phenomenology, figured in Patativa do Assaré’s poetry, a poet from Ceara who brings in his literary writing the popular backcountry culture. Stresses the importance of the sertão as a dream place for the lyrical subject represented in the poems and the security that the space offers to the voices that enunciate. In this space, the traumas are revived and reinterpreted from a movement of atmospheric production of meaning, which means that the locus enunciated by the memory raises, itself and from itself, a framed effect sense of the subject who comforts and enables the dream.

Black women's writing: contributions to the literary, feminist and gender studies.

This work is a reflection on black women’s writing, which has been and yet, sometimes, is marginalized and reduced to invisibly in our literary field due to several factors . Therefore, it becomes important to give visibility to this writing so as to discuss the marks of feminism, race and gender that it brings, showing its contributions for the construction of a new and empowered discourse on black women, which represents a differential for literary discourse and affects the canon, since it t promotes the construction of a new perspective, a differentiated representation of black women, emphasizing their forms of struggle and resistance, front the exclusionary sociocultural systems.  In order to do that, I bring up some theoretical voices such as that, of Guacira Lopes Louro (1997); Abdias do Nascimento (2000); Tatau Godinho (2008), among others that deal with the theme, as well as texts written by  black women writers such as Alzira Rufino, Esmeralda Ribeiro e Cristiane Sobral to argue and think about a literature that deals with black women autonomy,  and challenges the dominant power systems, a literature that gives emphasis to women and ethnic-racial issues from perspective of the black person herself , since this project was relegated to oblivion for too long or portrayed in as stereotyped way by other voices, other discourses guided by a masculine and eurocentric bias. In this way, we hope to show how it is relevant to black women's literature, because makes us reflect and face the mechanisms of oppression, subalternization against women, especially black women, and race and gender prejudice, and its effects, that still can be seen daily in different social and cultural contexts.  

GODOFREDO RANGEL AND AUTRAN DOURADO: THE ARTIST AND APPRENTICE

The name Godofredo Rangel has been fixed itself in the history of Brazilian literature mainly as Monteiro Lobato's eternal friend and correspondent. Nevertheless, his memory is revered by writers of the same strain as Carlos Drummond de Andrade and Autran Dourado. The latter, above all, in more than one occasion, declared having had in Rangel a master in writing, whose guidance had been fundamental to the development of his literary vocation. In the novel Um artista aprendiz (n.t.: An apprentice artist), from 1989, Dourado narrates the trajectory of a novice writer, whose  encounter with the literary personality of Godofredo Rangel, fictionalized by the author in the character of Sílvio sousa, is also decisive. This study consists of the comparison between the testimony of Autran Dourado about Godofredo Rangel and the fictional matter of the novel, searching in them the elements to understand what Dourado and others considered as being a work of mastery in the literary art.