EXCESSO DE PESO DE ADULTOS RESIDENTES EM UM AGLOMERADO URBANO SUBNORMAL

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de excesso de peso e possíveis fatores de risco em adultos residentes em um aglomerado urbano subnormal. Métodos: Estudo observacional do tipo transversal, baseado em uma amostra de 582 adultos, na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, residentes no aglomerado urbano subnormal dos Coelhos (Recife). Definiu-se excesso de peso pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) maior ou igual a 25kg/m2. Foram avaliadas possíveis associações com idade, sexo, raça/cor e fatores socioeconômicos (escolaridade e condição de trabalho). O efeito sobre a ocorrência de excesso de peso foi estimado pelo cálculo do Odds Ratio (OR), mediante o ajuste de modelos de regressão logística simples. A precisão e significância estatística desses ORs foram avaliadas através de intervalos de 95% de confiança e do teste de Wald. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 62,5% (n=364), sendo maior nas mulheres (66,1%; n=251) do que nos homens (56,0%; n=113), com um aumento progressivo até a faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos, passando a declinar a partir de então. Nessa faixa, houve um risco de excesso de peso de 2,6 vezes. Além da idade, pertencer ao sexo feminino e não trabalhar também representaram condições de risco. Conclusão: A elevada prevalência do excesso de peso na população adulta residente no aglomerado urbano subnormal dos Coelhos se mostrou associada ao sexo, faixa etária e condição de trabalho, constituindo-se, assim, como possíveis fatores de risco do problema.

PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF MAMMOGRAPHY AND PAP SMEAR TEST

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the performance of mammography and pap smear test in women from the city of Maringá, Paraná. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study conducted with 345 women aged over 20 years in the period from March 2011 to April 2012. An interview was carried out using a questionnaire proposed by the Ministry of Health, which addressed sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases and issues related to mammographic and pap screening. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis, crude analysis with odds ratio (OR) and chi-squared test using Epi Info 3.5.1 program; multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed using the software Statistica 7.1, with a significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%. Results: The mean age of the women was 52.19 (±5.27) years. The majority (56.5%) had from 0 to 8 years of education. Additionally, 84.6% (n=266) of the women underwent pap smear and 74.3% (n=169) underwent mammography. The lower performance of pap smear test was associated with women with 9-11 years of education (p=0.01), and the lower performance of mammography was associated with women without private health insurance (p<0.01). Conclusion: The coverage of mammography and pap smear test was satisfactory among the women from Maringá, Paraná. Low education level and women who depended on the public health system presented lower performance of mammography.

Self-reported vaccination in the elderly : SABE Bogotá study, Colombia

Objectives: To determine the frequency of vaccination in older adults within the city of Bogotá and to estimate the association with sociodemographic and health factors. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis from the SABE-Bogotá Study, a cross-sectional population-based study that included a total of 2,000 persons aged 60 years. Weighted percentages for self-reported vaccination [influenza, pneumococcal, tetanus] were determined. The association between vaccination and covariates was evaluate by logistic regression models. Results: A total of 73.0% of respondents received influenza, 57.8% pneumococcal and 47.6% tetanus vaccine. Factors independently associated with vaccination included: 1- age (65-74 years had higher odds of receiving vaccinations, compared to 60-64 years; 2- socioeconomic status (SES) (higher SES had lower odds of having influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, compared to those with lower SES); 3- health insurance (those with contributive or subsidized health insurance had higher odds (between 3 and 5 times higher) of having vaccinations, compared to those with no insurance); 4- older adults with better functional status (greater Lawton scores) had increased odds for all vaccinations; 5- older adults with higher comorbidity had increased odds for influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. Conclusion: Vaccination campaigns should be strengthened to increase vaccination coverage, especially in the group more reticent to vaccination or vulnerable to reach it such as the disable elder.

Alcohol use disorders and psychiatric diseases in Colombia

Background: An accurate understanding of co-occurrence and comorbidity of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in Colombia is crucial for public health. Objective: A secondary analysis was conducted, using a 2003/2004 government´s population database to determine the lifetime associations between AUD and other mental and addictive disorders in people of Colombia aged 18-65 years. Methods: Several statistical analysis were performed: testing prevalence difference in mental disorders by whether the individual had an AUD; a stratified analysis by gender and logistic regression analyses accounting for differences in demographic, socio-economic, behavioral and self-reported health status variables. Results: People with AUD comprised 9% of the population, of which 88% were males and on average 37 years old. They were more likely to be males, be working, and be current smokers; and less likely to be at home or retired. The population with AUD had greater chance to comply with criteria for all disorders but minor depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, nicotine dependence, and oppositional defiant disorder. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of mental disorders in the adult population with AUD in Colombia. The findings highlight the importance of comorbidity as a sign of disease severity and impact on public health and supports the need for training of more professionals and developing appropriate interventions and services.