Physicochemical properties of water quality of Imeh, Edegelem and Chokocho communities located along Otamiri-oche River in Etche Ethnic Nationality of Rivers State, Nigeria

Some physiochemical properties of water quality of Otamiri-oche River which runs through Imeh, Edegelem and Chokocho Communities in Etche ethnic nationality of Rivers State, Nigeria were investigated. Samples were collected in triplicate from the three different locations along the river in both rainy and dry seasons. Each sampling points is located 500m away from the successive one, and the samples were taken from the open river at the zone extending beyond the shoreline. Samples were stored in ice packs and immediately taken to the laboratory to investigate some selected physico-chemical characteristics. Also, bacteriological study was carried out on the samples. The laboratory results of the selected physico-chemical parameters when compared with the world health organization (WHO) standard showed that all the selected physico-chemical parameters were within the world health organization (WHO) permissible in both rainy and dry season except pH. For rainy season, the pH values were 5.00±0.00, 5.40 ±0.40, and 5.40± 0.30 for Imeh, Edegelem and Chokocho respectively. For the dry season, the pH values were 5.83± 0.01, 5.56±0.01, 5.90±0.01 for Imeh, Edegelem and Chokocho respectively. Also magnesium hardness exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit in rainy season only. The results of bacteriological study showed that all the sampling locations contained high numbers of coliform bacteria in both rainy and dry seasons. The number of coliform bacteria during rainy season was 25.00±0.00, 25.00±0.00, and 35.00±0.00 for Imeh, Edegelem and Chokocho respectively. Those of dry season were 93.00±3.55, 56.66±4.49, and 35.60±4.17 for Imeh, Edegelem and Chokocho respectively. The difference between the rainy and dry season was tested statistically using the t-test. The results of the statistical analyses showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the rainy and dry seasons.

ASSOCIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE ADOLESCENTES, FAMILIARES E PARES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a atividade física (AF) de pais, irmãos e pares à AF de adolescentes brasileiros por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Métodos: Realizou-se revisão sistemática em duas etapas, em junho de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014, nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO e LILACS, utilizando-se quatro grupos de descritores, sendo estes “influência de pais e irmãos”, “atividade física”, “tipo de amostra” e “nacionalidade”, nos idiomas inglês e português, que atendesse aos seguintes critérios: (i) indivíduos saudáveis; (ii) adolescentes brasileiros; (iii) estudos abordando a AF; e (iv) estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2014. Resultados: A busca nas bases de dados resultou em 2.094 títulos de artigos potencialmente relevantes, mas apenas 7 atenderam a todos os critérios de inclusão. Há uma associação positiva entre a AF de pais e filhos, porém, ao estratificar por sexo, esta é encontrada apenas no feminino, tanto para a inatividade quanto para estar fisicamente ativo. O apoio social possui grande influência na AF de crianças e adolescentes, no entanto, tal associação não foi encontrada em estudos longitudinais. Conclusão: Existe uma associação positiva entre a atividade física do pai e da mãe com suas filhas, tanto para a inatividade quanto para serem ativos, mas não foram encontradas associações entre os pais e os filhos, fato também observado para com irmãos inativos. O apoio social mostrou-se eficaz para aumentar o nível de atividade física de adolescentes.

Relationship between IL-10 gene -819C/T polymorphism and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis.

Background: The -819C/T polymorphism in interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene has been reported to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ,but the previous results are conflicting. Materials and Methods: The present study aimed at investigating the association between this polymorphism and risk of IBD using a meta-analysis.PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,google scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were systematically searched to identify relevant publications from their inception to April 2016.Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. Results: A total of 7 case-control studies containing 1890 patients and 2929 controls were enrolled into this meta-analysis, and our results showed no association between IL-10 gene -819C/T polymorphism and IBD risk(TT vs. CC:OR=0.81,95%CI 0.64- 1.04;CT vs. CC:OR=0.92,95%CI 0.81-1.05; Dominant model: OR=0.90,95%CI 0.80-1.02; Recessive model: OR=0.84,95%CI 0.66-1.06). In a subgroup analysis by nationality, the -819C/T polymorphism was not associated with IBD in both Asians and Caucasians. In the subgroup analysis stratified by IBD type, significant association was found in Crohn’s disease(CD)(CT vs. CC:OR=0.68,95%CI 0.48-0.97). Conclusion: In summary, the present meta-analysis suggests that the IL-10 gene -819C/T polymorphism may be associated with CD risk.