L’effet à long terme de la vie reproductive sur la mortalité des femmes en milieu rural sénégalais

Population ageing in sub-Saharan Africa raises new concerns about mature adult mortality patterns and differentials, but little is known in this region due to the lack of data. This study examines the long term effects of reproductive history on female mortality in three local rural areas in Senegal where population have been followed up for decades. We study mortality differentials according to the past reproductive history of females aged between 50 and 70 in the period 1985-2011. We find that age at first and last deliveries impact mortality levels, as does the number of children ever born. Looking at the sex of the childrenand their vital status at age 5, we note that the number of boys is negatively associated with mortality rates, by a larger extent than the number of girls. In virilocal societies, social factors probably have a strong impact. This result opens future research avenues on the issue of the care of the elderly.

Structures familiales, encadrement communautaire et survie des enfants. Une recherche en milieu rural malien

The influence of the family environment on child survival is difficult to study using retrospective data, especially in contexts where family structures are complex and where children are mobile. Data from a follow-up survey in rural Mali (1976-2009) are used here to address this question. Several indicators are constructed to test the effect of family structures on child mortality: morphology of the domestic group, availability of family resources, the child's place in the family and the presence of his or her parents. Bivariate and multivariate analyses find no difference in child mortality across different family environments. This finding suggests that the family and social networks still play a powerful role in regulating and managing risks of unequal treatment and care of children