Identification de caractéristiques agronomiques pour le diagnostic et la prise de décision de régénération des vergers de cacaoyers en Côte d’Ivoire

The rehabilitation of the old cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L. ) farms is one of the major challenges for a sustainable cocoa production. A study was carried out to set up a guide which could be used as a decision making tool for a quick and efficient diagnosis of the old cocoa orchards and to choose the appropriate regeneration option (rehabilitation or replanting). A sample of 90 rehabilitated cocoa farms and of 75 replanted cocoa farms was surveyed in 12 regions representing the three main cocoa producing sectors in the country. Data were collected on the key agronomic characteristics of these cacao farms. These were cocoa variety, farm size, age, yield, planting density, number of shade trees and the level of damages caused by insects and diseases. The results showed that age, planting density and yield were the discriminating criteria of these farms. The average values of these criteria were 25 to 30 years for the age, 800 to 1 000 trees ha-1 for the planting density and 250 to 400 kg ha-1 an-1 for the yield. Based on these criteria and their average values, a decision making guide was designed for the diagnosis of cocoa farms and the choice of regeneration option. According to this guide, old cocoa farms (more than 25 years), degraded and unproductive should be replanted. However, younger farms having planting density and yield higher than the average values above should be rehabilitated.

L'insaisissable catégorie sociale d'enfants orphelins d'Afrique: de quoi parle-t-on?

There is no definition of orphans that would allow to know without confusion who is an orphan child. This article analyses the challenges and difficulties in defining and targeting the social category of orphans. It is based on a number of works, as well as the field research on the social actor's logics regarding the family support to orphans among the Mossi people in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), for my Ph.D. in sociology at Laval University (Canada). In fact, international charity organisations use orphans as a vulnerable and universal category. This has been done through the propagation of information on HIV. From the social sciences perspective, the category of orphans covers a variety of realities, and making the choice to see it otherwise would hide the diversity of those realities.