PERFIL DOS FREQUENTADORES DAS ACADEMIAS DE GINÁSTICA DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil dos frequentadores das academias de ginástica do município de Canguçu-RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo, com 177 frequentadores de academias de diversas modalidades. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado, contendo 76 questões para mensurar variáveis sociodemograficas, antropométricas, nutricionais e comportamentais, além de informações relacionadas às praticas nas academias. Realizouse análise descritiva dos dados, com cálculo de médias ± desvios-padrão para as variáveis contínuas e cálculo de proporções para as variáveis categóricas. Resultados: Participaram 177 frequentadores das academias na cidade de Canguçu-RS (30±12,5 anos; 70,0±12,8 kg; 1,69±0,1m). Com relação às variáveis comportamentais, a maioria nunca fumou (71,8%), não bebia exageradamente (89,9%) e era ativa no lazer (87%). No tocante às variáveis nutricionais, 66,7% tinham índice de massa corporal normal e a maioria não alcançava as recomendações de consumo diário de frutas, verduras e legumes, e não usava suplementos (69,5%). No que diz respeito às variáveis relacionadas à academia, a maioria dos respondentes frequentava há mais de 12 meses (56,5%), quatro ou mais vezes por semana (52%), à noite (52,5%), relatando que o principal motivo para ir à academia foi permanecer saudável (78%). Os praticantes afirmaram satisfação com os objetivos alcançados (60%) e praticavam a modalidade de musculação (97,2%). Conclusão: A maioria dos frequentadores das academias era do sexo masculino, jovem, ativa no lazer, praticava a modalidade de musculação e estava satisfeita com os resultados buscados nas academias. Apesar disso, são necessárias estratégias de mudança de comportamento em relação ao consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes.

Frequency and molecular characterisation of Entamoeba histolytica , Entamoeba dispar , Entamoeba moshkovskii , and Entamoeba hartmanni in the context of water scarcity in northeastern Brazil

This study aimed to estimate the frequency, associated factors, and molecular characterisation of Entamoeba histolytica , Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii , and Entamoeba hartmanni infections. We performed a survey (n = 213 subjects) to obtain parasitological, sanitation, and sociodemographic data. Faecal samples were processed through flotation and centrifugation methods. E. histolytica, E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, and E. hartmanni were identified by nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall prevalence of infection was 22/213 (10.3%). The infection rate among subjects who drink rainwater collected from roofs in tanks was higher than the rate in subjects who drink desalinated water pumped from wells; similarly, the infection rate among subjects who practice open defecation was significantly higher than that of subjects with latrines. Out of the 22 samples positive for morphologically indistinguishable Entamoeba species, the differentiation by PCR was successful for 21. The species distribution was as follows: 57.1% to E. dispar, 23.8% to E. histolytica, 14.3% to E. histolytica and E. dispar, and 4.8% E. dispar and E. hartmanni. These data suggest a high prevalence of asymptomatic infection by the group of morphologically indistinguishable Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii complex and E. hartmanni species. In this context of water scarcity, the sanitary and socioenvironmental characteristics of the region appear to favour transmission.

In vitro effects of erosive challenge on the surface properties of sealants

Aim: To assess in vitro the surface roughness (Ra), Vickers hardness (VHN) and surface morphology of resin and glass ionomer materials used for sealants after dynamic erosive challenge. Methods: Twenty specimens of each material were prepared and divided into experimental (erosive challenge) and control groups (n=10): Protect Riva (SDI), Opallis Flow (3M ESPE), Fluroshield (Dentsply), Filtek Z350 XT Flow (3M ESPE). The erosive challenge was performed 4 times per day (90 s) in cola drink and for 2 h in artificial saliva for 7 days. The control specimens were maintained in artificial saliva. Ra and VHN readings were performed before and after erosion. The percentage of hardness loss (%VHN) was obtained after erosion. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey and paired t tests (α=0.05). Results: After erosion and saliva immersion, there was an increase in Ra values for all groups and Riva group showed the highest Ra values. After erosive challenge, Riva and Filtek groups showed significant decrease in VHN values, but Filtek group showed the greatest %VHN. For all groups there was inorganic particle protrusion and matrix degradation after erosion visualized by SEM images. Conclusions: Erosive challenge affected the surface properties of all materials used as sealants, particularly in the Riva and Filtek groups.