Immunologic Quality Improvement of Racing Pigeon Squabs through Induction of Cropmilk using Probiotic Lactobacillus sp.

Probiotic is live microbial cells supplementation that has beneficial effect to the host. Feeding adult pigeons (Columba livia) with food supplemented with probiotic, Lactobacillus sp., at concentration 106,108, and 1010 cells g-1 respectively have been done in order to improve the immunologic quality of the squabs. Immunologic response namely the number and activity of kidney’s macrophage were examined. Also, the pathologic signs which developed following artificial infection by intramuscular injection with Escherichia coli suspension was examined. The result indicated that adult pigeon feed with food containing probiotic have beneficial effect to the squabs (through cropmilk) by improving their immune response namely increasing the number of kidney’s macrophage and their in vitro phagocytic activity. Also, it reduced the E. coli population in the squabs’ gut. (Animal Production 6(2): 11-124 (2004) Key Words: pigeon squab, probiotic, Lactobacillus sp., immune response

Optimization on Fermentation Process of Protein Concentrate of Jatropha Seed Cake with N Sources and Minerals Supplementation

The objective of this research is to produce alternative food sources of protein by optimizing the potential of jatropha curcas which is agroindustry waste. This study is planned in two years and is a series of jatropha seed exploration through fermentation using Lactobacillus acidophilus. Specific targets in the first year of study were to assess the optimization of the fermentation process by supplementing the source of N soybean meal and fish meal. Experiments using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) factorial pattern with first factor was supplementation (F) and second factor was incubation time (W), fermentation optimization consisted of: F1 (F0 + 2.5% soybean meal flour), F2 (F0 + 2.5% fish meal), F3 (F1 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphat) and F4 (F2 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphat). The incubation time is differentiated W1: 3 days, W2: 5 days and W3: 7 days. It can be concluded that: dry matter, gross energy, calcium and phospor are influenced by interaction between type of supplementation of source of N + DCP with fermentation time, whereas fat content is only influenced by fermentation time with optimal time decrease of fat content is 5,92 days. Total protein and amino acid levels are only influenced by different types of supplementation. Phorbolester antinutrition levels are influenced by the duration of the fermentation.  Based on antinutritive as a limiting factor. F4W5 is the best treatment and can used as a feed ingredient.