Estrous Synchronization in Peranakan Etawah Goat Using CIDR-G

A study on the effectiveness on estrous synchronization using CIDR-G in peranakan etawah (PE) goat was conducted. Twenty-eight multiporous PE goats were randomly allocated to two groups (A & B) and CIDR was inserted for 16 days. In group A CIDR was replaced at day eight and in group B CIDR was stayed intake until day 16. Estrous sign was detected using castrated teaser 20 hours post CIDR withdrawal and evaluated every four hours until the estrous sign was disappeared. At the same time of estrous detection, blood sample for progesterone assay, from five selected goats in each group was collected into heparins vacuum blood tube, collected via jugulars vein. From this study it was shown no significant differences in initial time of estrous sign between the groups (38.33 vs. 33.22 hours post CIDR withdrawal). Similarly there was no significant difference in the length of estrous between the groups (54.22 vs. 48.65 hours). The lowest mean progesterone hormone concentration (<0.50 ng/ml) occurred 78 hours post CIDR withdrawal. From this study it was concluded that using CIDR-G in PE goat is effective and no replacement is needed between the synchronization periods. (Animal Production 5(2): 83-86 (2003) Key Words : Etawah Goat, Synchronization, Estrous, CIDR

Grassing as potential factor in Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Goat in Banyumas District

Goat system manajemen like housing, feeding dan grassing have been studied on the diseases association in gastrointestinal nematodiasis infection. The method applied was survey on 150 goat (Jawarandhu) faeces sample in Banyumas District. The Research was carried out from July to September 2004. The result showed that  the nematode infection 1,54 times to goat if grassing and 88,62% infection in groups. Housing, Feeding have no risk and associated with disease infection. (Animal Production 6(2): 95-100 (2004) Key words : management system, disease association, nematode

Study of Socio Economic Profile of Small Holder Goat Farming in Gumelar Sub-District Banyumas Regency

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil sosial ekonomi usaha ternak kambing rakyat di daerah pedesaan Kecamatan Gumelar Kabupaten Banyumas. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survey pada tiga desa terpilih, kemudian 188 responden dipilih secara acak sebagai sampel. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat pendapatan usaha ternak kambing sebesar Rp.349.184,71 per tahun, dengan tingkat efisiensi ekonomi sebesar 2,21. Jumlah pemilikan ternak kambing rata-rata sebesar 2,67 ST, dengan jumlah biaya pakan ternak per tahun rata-rata sebesar Rp.147.672,34. Umur peternak rata-rata 46,5 tahun, tingkat pendidikan peternak sebagian besar berpendidikan Sekolah Dasar dengan lama pendidikan formal rata-rata 5,78 tahun, dan tingkat pengalaman beternak kambing rata-rata 4,04 tahun. Sistem pemeliharaan ternak kambing yang digunakan yaitu sebagian besar menggunakan sistem pemeliharaan tradisional, sedangkan status pekerjaan peternak yaitu sebagian besar berstatus sebagai petani penggarap. (Animal Production 6(2): 61-67 (2004) Kata Kunci: Ternak Kambing Rakyat, Profil Sosial Ekonomi, Banyumas

The Effect of Feed and Gonadotrophin Hormone on The Litter Size and Birth Weight of Local Goat

A study was conducted to determine the effect of ration and gonadotrophin hormone on the reproductive performance of breeding goat. Twenty-three does and six bucks having a similar age (1.5-2.0 years old) were exposed in this experiment. An amount of 200 gram of concentrate consisting of yellow corn (30%), rice brand (50%) and commercial concentrate CP 235 (20%) has been given to each experimental animal. The experimental animals were divided into two groups. The group was fed (12 animals) with M1 (roughage + concentrate) and the other group was fed (11 animals) with M2 (roughage). Moreover, each group were divided into four treatment namely: T1 (PGF2α), T2 (PGF2α + PMSG), T3 (PGF2α + HCG) and T4 (PGF2α + PMSG + HCG). The same treatment was applied to the other group. The data such as litter size and birth weight were collected from each experimental goat. Those data were analyzed using a 2 x 4 factorial experiment with unequal repetition. A composition between to treatment group was done using Least Significant Design (LSD). The result of the study showed that the effect of ration and gonadotrophin hormone on litter size and birth weight didn’t show any significant difference (P>0.05). The average of litter size and birth weight from roughage + concentrate treated animal (goat) were 1.92 and 1.51 kilogram respectively. However, the average of litter size and birth weight from roughage treated group were 1.58 and 1.48 kilogram respectively. (Animal Production 5(1): 5-10 (2003) Key words : Gonadotrophin, PGF2α, PMSG, Hormone, Goat

Reproductive Performance Of Kacang And Peranakan Etawah Goat In Indonesia

Evaluasi performans reproduksi kambing kacang dan Peranakan Etawah (PE) yang telah beradaptasi dapat memberikan informasi penting untuk mengetahui potensi produksi sebagai sumberdaya lokal. Data reproduksi dikoleksi dari 280 induk PE dan 200 kambing kacang melalui penelitian di lapangan dan monitoring lebih dari 1,5 tahun pada peternak di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Kejadian reproduksi, tanggal beranak dan jumlah anak yang diamati dicatat. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rataan litter size antara 1-3 anak per kelahiran untuk seluruh induk dengan rataan untuk kambing kacang dan PE masing-masing adalah 2,06 dan  1,56 anak. Bobot lahir pada kambing kacang dan PE masing-masing adalah 3,8 dan 5,4 kg. Daya hidup sampai penyapihan untuk kambing kacang dan PE masing-masing adalah 97% dan 92%. Selang beranak pada induk kambing minimum 205 hari pada kambing kacang dan maksimum 450 hari pada kambing PE. Indeks reproduksi induk kambing kacang dan PE masing-masing adalah 3,07 dan 1,65 anak/induk/tahun. (Animal Production 4(2): 52-59 (2002)  Kata Kunci : Kambing Kacang, Kambing Peranakan Etawah, Reproduksi, Indonesia

Factors Analyses of Effecting to Milk Production and Economic Efficiency of Dairy Goat Agribisness In Kaligesing District of Purworejo Region

A survey in the agribusiness of dairy goat smallholder had been conducted in Kaligesing district of Purworejo region at 13 rd September up to 7th November 2001. The survey studied the factors effecting the milk yield, in how the factors influence economically. Forty eight respondents (dairy goat smallholders) were used in this study and interview method was applied for collecting data. The variables were observed; lactation goat, man power, garage, and concentrate ration. Cobb-Douglass method was applied for analyzing the data. To know the economic efficiency of the agribusiness was approached by the ratio between the Marginal Product Value an input cost. From the data analysis it could be in formatted that the numbers of lactating goat and the numbers of lactating goat and the numbers of concentrate were significant influence on the milk yield, white the man power and the forage were not significant influence. For the numbers of lactating goat and concentrate, economically the efficiency was not yet reached, so the use of the factors were ought to be increased up to an appoint limited. On the other hand the man power and forage was not efficient, so the use of the factors need to be descreased. (Animal Production 4(1): 27-31 (2002)Key word : Production factors, economics efficiency, dairy goat PE

The Semen Quantity and Quality of Two Fowl Strains Supplemented with Vitamin E (α–Tocopherol)

The study on semen quantity and quality of Kampung and Arab fowl under various levels of vitamin E supplementation was conducted, using 2x4 factorial Completely Randomized Design with 4 replicates.  Analysis of variance followed by Duncan New Multiple Range Test were used to analyze the data.  Levels  of vitamin E given orally were 0 IU (control); 2 IU (t1); 4 IU (t2) and 8 IU (t3) per bird daily.  The results showed that semen volume was not affected by genotype (Kampung: 0.26 ± 0.05 ml Vs.  Arab: 0.22 ± 0.05 ml) while the vitamin E treatments significantly (P<0.05) affected the semen volume i.e. 0.16 ± 0.06 ml (control); 0.27 ± 0.04 ml (t1); 0.28 ± 0.03 ml (t2) and 0.23 ± 0.03 ml (t3).  Semen viscosity was not affected by genotype, but was substantially affected by vitamin E treatments.  The semen pH was not influenced by all treatments given, spermatozoa concentration of Kampung (1.80 ± 0.39 billion/ml) was not significantly different with that of Arab (1.86 ± 0.16 billion/ml).  Vitamin E treatments resulted in different (P<0.05) spermatozoa concentration among control (1.50 ± 0.16 billion/ml), t1 (1.98 ± 0.14 billion/ml), t2 (2.01 ± 0.09 billion/ml) and t3 (1.87 ± 0.18 billion/ml).  No significant different found on semen mass movement between Kampung and Arab, also among vitamin E treatments.  The spermatozoa motility of Kampung and Arab was not statistically different, however vitamin E improved motility significantly (P<0.05); control (2.90 ± 0.59); t1 (3.5 ± 0.16); t2 (3.54 ± 0.25) and t3 (3.44 ± 0.48).  Percentage of dead spermatozoa of Kampung and Arab were 18.24 ± 1.98% and 17.35 ± 2.74%, while vitamin E supplementation results were as follows 18.10 ± 3.03% (control); 18.54 ± 2.01% (t1); 17.72 ± 1.47% (t2) and 16.82 ± 2.87% (t3) no significant different was found.  Percentage of abnormal spermatozoa of Kampung (4.35 ± 0.80%) and Arab (4.64 ± 0.87%) was not different statistically.  Among the vitamin E treatments the results was as follows 4.31 ± 1.40% (control); 4.75 ± 0.69% (t1); 4.94 ± 1.91% (t2) and 3.97 ± 1.14% (t3).  However, significant (P<0.05) interaction effects were found in Kampung males at treatment t2 (4 IU) and t3 (8 IU). (Animal Production 7(2): 67-73 (2005) Key Words: Kampung, Arab, Fowl, Semen, Vitamin E

Quality Of Pe Buck Sperm Stored In Different Packaging

AI for cattle has been develop in Indonesia in contrast, AI for small ruminants (sheep and goat) are less developed. Its due to the lack of facilities, processing and packaging during storage. This research aims to compare the effectivity and efficiency of two different packaging technique (test tube and straw). Test tube and 0.25 ml mini straw were tested . Semen was obtained from adult PE buck (3 yr) after collection by using  artificial vagina. The fresh semen was then evaluated and diluted 5 folds with 2.9 percent Na-citrate. Diluted semen then packed in test tube and mini straw, and stored in refrigerator (100C) for 7 days. Observations were done everyday on sperm motility, abnormality and percentage of  live sperm. Observation were made at 370C. Observation on fresh ejaculate showed that semen has 6x 109/ml concentration, 90 percent motility, 8 percent abnormality and  95 percent  live sperm. Five folds dilution reduced sperm concentration to 1.2 x 109/ml, but did not change sperm motility, abnormality and percent of live sperm. Sperm was then packed according  to the treatments. Storage in both packaging did significantly reduce  (P<0.01) sperm motility and percent live sperm, but not for sperm abnormality. All sperm stored in test tube were classified death at day 5 storage. However, sperm in the straw were remain live eventhough the percentages was low. It can be concluded that straw has a better result than test tube. Eventhough sperm motility was extremely low, it remains valuable for cervical insemination. (Animal Production 1(1) : 24-29 (1999).  Key Words : Sperm, PE Buck, Straw, Test Tube

Study of Tenderization Method of Old Goat Meat

The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of tenderization methods on several characteristics of goat meat.  A total of 6 goats (approximately 3 years of age) were used in the study.  The meat was obtained from the hind leg (m. biceps femoris).  Treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 replicates in each treatment.  The treatments were P0: control, P1: the meat was submerged in pineapple juice extract, P2: the meat was electrically stimulated, and P3: the meat was injected with CaCl2 solution.  The variables measured were tenderness (mm/g/s), pH, water holding capacity (%), cooking losses (%), moisture content (%) and dissolved protein content (μg/ml).  Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Least Significant Difference compare the differences between means.  The result showed that treatments significantly (P<0.01) affected the meat tenderness, pH and water holding capacity but not significantly (P>0.05) affected meat cooking losses, moisture content and dissolved protein.  It can be concluded that injection CaCl2 was more effective in improving the tenderness of old goat meat. . (Animal Production 7(2): 106-110 (2005) Key Words : Tenderization Method, Pineapple Juice Extract, Goat meat, CaCl2, Electrical Stimulation

Effectivity of Various β-Carotene Concentration on Quality of Frozen-Thawed Semen of Garut Rams

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of frozen-thawed semen of Garut rams that cryopreserved with Tris extender containing the various β-carotene concentrations. Semen was collected from four mature Garut rams using artificial vagina once a week. Immediately after initial evaluation, semen was divided into four parts and diluted with Tris extender containing 5% glycerol + 0% (control), 0.001% (Kt0.001), 0.002% (Kt0.002), and 0.003% (Kt0.003) β-carotene, respectively. Semen was loaded in 0.25 ml mini straw with the concentration of 200 million motile sperm. Semen was equilibrated at 5ºC for three hours, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen container for 7 days. Quality of processed-semen including motility, live sperm, intact acrosomal cap (IAC), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated after diluted, equilibrated, and thawed, respectively. Concentration of malondialdehide (MDA) semen after thawing were evaluated. Data were analyzed as completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replicates. Means values were compared by least significant difference test at 0.05 significant level. Results indicated that mean value of post thawing motility and live sperm for Kt0.002 (50.55% and 56.78%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than Kt0.001 (46.11% and 52.89%), Kt0.003 (46.67% and 53.33%) and control (46.67% and 52.33%). Mean value of post thawing IAC and IPM for Kt0.002 (51.00% and 53.78%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than control ( 47.11% and 48.44%), but not significantly different with Kt0.001 (49.00% and 50.00%), and Kt0.003 (48.89% and 49.67%). MDA concentration of frozen-thawed semen for Kt0.001 (3.37 mg/kg), Kt0.002 (3.80 mg/kg), and Kt0.003 (4.61 mg/kg) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than control (5.24 mg/kg). in conclusion, concentration of 0.002% β-carotene in Tris extender is the optimal dose in improving frozen semen quality of garut rams. (Animal Production 7(1): 6-13 (2005) Key Words : β-carotene, frozen-thawed semen, intact plasma membrane, MDA, Garut Rams

Optimalization of Equilibration and Thawing Methode on Freezing Process of Garut Ram Semen (Ovis aries)

Generally, the problem of semen freezing process  is  cold shock effect and intracelullar change due to water release which is  related to  ice crystal formation. One factor to solve the problem is finding out optimal equilibration time and thawing method so there is only a little  damage spermatozoa during freezing process.  The research has been done  to explore  the  influence of  equilibration time and thawing methode  on  frozen semen quality of garut rams. The results shown that the mean of percentages of progressive motile sperm, percentages of viable sperm, percentages of plasma membrane and acrosomal intact on four hours equilibration (52.50% ;  62.33%; 57.17% and 56.42%)  were not significantly different  (P>0.05) from five hours equilibration (52.27%;  63.67%;  56.92% and 57.58 %)  and six hours equilibration (54.17%; 61.00%; 59.42% and 58.58%) respectively.  The percentages of progressive motile sperm, percentages of viable sperm,   percentages of plasma membrane and  acrosomal intact on the thawing method  on the temperature of 370C  for 30 seconds (53.33% ;  62.39%; 57.94% dan 58.61) were not significantly different  (P>0.05) from the thawing methode  on the temperature of 250C for 45 seconds (52.22% ; 62.28%; 57.72% dan 56.44) respectively.  The conclusion shown that  the treatment of four hours equilibration, five hours equilibration,   six hours equilibration and also  the treatment of thawing method  on the temperature of 370C   for 30 seconds and the thawing methode  on the temperature of 250C   for 45 seconds do not have effect on garut ram freezing semen quality. (Animal Production 7(2): 74-80 (2005) Key  Words : Equilibration, Thawing, Semen, Garut ram

Farmers’ Perception to The Role of Extension Workers on Kaligesing Goat Farm Management in Kaligesing, Purworejo

Abstract. The aims of this research were to describe the characteristics of Kaligesing goat farmers; to analyze the farmers’ perceptions on the role of extension workers as conduit of information, as mentors, organizers and dynamic factor, technicians and liaisons; to discover the relationship between the farmers’ characteristics with farmers’ perceptions; and to investigate the relationship between farmers’ perceptions to goat maintenance management. The respondents were goat farmers in Kaligesing, Purworejo, Central Java Province. Data were obtained from questionnaire survey method. Determining location, the research applied combination of stratified sampling method with purposive random sampling. Total respondents were 159 farmers with nine farmer groups as samples. Analysis was subject to Spearman Rank, resulting that age, education level and farming experience were not significant to the farmers’ perceptions to the role of extension workers, but the ownership of livestock had a very significant relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.240, group classes had also very significant relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.414, and frequency of meeting with extension workers have a significant relationships with a correlation coefficient of 0.202. Farmers’ perceptions to the role of extension workers had very significant relationships to the maintenance management with a correlation coefficient of 0.393. Key words : farmers’ characteristics, farmers’ perceptions, Kaligesing goat, role of extension workers Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik peternak, persepsi peternak terhadap peran penyuluh, hubungan antara karakteristik peternak dengan persepsi, dan hubungan antara persepsi peternak dengan manajemen pemeliharaan. Responden penelitian adalah peternak Kambing Kaligesing di Kecamatan Kaligesing Kabupaten Purworejo Jawa Tengah dengan metode penelitian survei kuesioner. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dengan kombinasi cara stratified sampling dan purposive random sampling. Jumlah kelompok tani sebagai sampel penelitian sebanyak sembilan kelompok dan jumlah total responden sebanyak 159 peternak. Analisis Rank Spearman digunakan untuk analisis data.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan  bahwa umur, tingkat pendidikan dan lama beternak tidak secara nyata memiliki hubungan dengan persepsi peternak terhadap peran penyuluh, sedangkan kepemilikan ternak memiliki hubungan sangat nyata (P<0,01) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,240. Kelas kelompok memiliki hubungan sangat nyata (P<0,01) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,414 dan frekuensi bertemu penyuluh memiliki hubungan nyata (P<0,05) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,202. Persepsi peternak terhadap peran penyuluh memiliki hubungan sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap manajemen pemeliharaan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,393Kata kunci:  karakteristik peternak, persepsi peternak, kambing Kaligesing, peran penyuluh