Evaluation of Inhibition Steroid Effect by Diazinon Pollutions on Ovarium and Cortex Adrenal Glands of the Animal Model

A study was conducted to influence of the diazinon pollutions effect to histopathologic change examination of ovarium and cortex adrenal glands the rat (Rattus norvegicus) caused of steroid inhibition metabolism. The treatment consisted of four level doses of diazinon as follows 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm for 40 days, in drinking water. The microscopic examination result showed that vacuolar degeneration change in surrounding corpus atreticum and hemorrhagic lesion on interstitial cell of ovarian, in starting dose 50 ppm and then, the swollen cells and congestive lesion of cortex adrenal glands, in starting dose 100 ppm. (Animal Production 4(2): 101-111 (2002) Key words : Diazinon, Steroid, Cortex Adrenal Glands

Production and Nutritive Value of Indigofera zollingeriana and Leucaena leucocephala in Peatland

Abstract. This study was aimed to determine and compare the dry matter yield and nutrient content of Indigofera and Leucaena grown in peatland. This experiment was conducted in peatland type soil (type sapric) in Pekanbaru city, DM yield and nutrient contents data were analyzed by 2x3 factorial design with 3 replication. Two treatments compared were Indigofera zollingeriana (Indigofera) and Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena). Indigofera was proven significantly higher than Leucaena in all harvest regarding dry matter (DM) of leaf and stem of 29.9% and 25%, respectively, crude protein (CP) of 23.1% and 17.6%, respectively. While neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content of Indigofera leaf (35.9% and 25.1%, respectively) was significantly lower than those of Leucaena leaf (40.9% and 29.3%, respectively). It was concluded that the production and nutritive value of Indigofera zollingeriana was superior to Leucaena leucocephala in peatland (type sapric). Key words: Legume tree, Sapric, nutrient content, In vitro digestibiliy              Abstrak.  Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan dan membandingkan bahan kering dan kandungan nutrisi Indigofera dan Leucaena yang tumbuh di lahan gambut. Percobaan ini dilakukan di lahan gambut di Pekanbaru menggunakan pola faktorial 2x3 dengan ulangan 3 kali. Dua perlakuan yang dibandingkan adalah Indigofera zollingeriana (Indigofera) dan Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena). Indigofera terbukti secara nyata lebih tinggi daripada Leucana di semua periode panen, berkaitan dengan kandungan BK (bahan kering) daun dan batang berturut-turut 29,9% dan 25%, dan protein kasar (PK) 23,1% dan 17,6%. sedangkan neutral detergent fibre (NDF) dan acid detergent fibre (ADF) daun indigofera berturut-turut 35,9% dan 25,1%, lebih rendah secara nyata daripada daun Leucaena, yaitu 40,9% dan 29,3%. Disimpulkan bahwa produksi dan nilai nutrisi Indigofera zollingeriana lebih tinggi dari Leucaena leucocephala di lahan gambut (jenis saprik) Kata kunci: Pohon legume, Saprik, Kandungan Nutrisi, Kecernaan in vitro

Factors Analyses of Effecting to Milk Production and Economic Efficiency of Dairy Goat Agribisness In Kaligesing District of Purworejo Region

A survey in the agribusiness of dairy goat smallholder had been conducted in Kaligesing district of Purworejo region at 13 rd September up to 7th November 2001. The survey studied the factors effecting the milk yield, in how the factors influence economically. Forty eight respondents (dairy goat smallholders) were used in this study and interview method was applied for collecting data. The variables were observed; lactation goat, man power, garage, and concentrate ration. Cobb-Douglass method was applied for analyzing the data. To know the economic efficiency of the agribusiness was approached by the ratio between the Marginal Product Value an input cost. From the data analysis it could be in formatted that the numbers of lactating goat and the numbers of lactating goat and the numbers of concentrate were significant influence on the milk yield, white the man power and the forage were not significant influence. For the numbers of lactating goat and concentrate, economically the efficiency was not yet reached, so the use of the factors were ought to be increased up to an appoint limited. On the other hand the man power and forage was not efficient, so the use of the factors need to be descreased. (Animal Production 4(1): 27-31 (2002)Key word : Production factors, economics efficiency, dairy goat PE

The Effect of Enzyme and Probiotics Mixture in Drinking Water with Protein Level Differences on Body Weights, Feed Conversion and Production index on Broiler

This experiment was study of the enzyme and  probiotic in drinking water mixture was affected on body weight, feed conversion and production index in broiler. This experiment was carried out using 144 broilers, started at one day old and finished at 42 days of age, divided into 4 type treatment of three different level of protein. Experimental method was based on randomized complete design with twelve treatments, if differently, followed by orthogonal  polynomial. Type 1 (unit ABC) was treated with mixture of drinking water and amylase, protease and probiotic at day 3rd through 5th, day 14th , day 21st, day 28th and 35th ;  type 2 (unit DEF) was treated at day 7th ,17th, 27th and 37th ; type 3 (unit GHI) was treated day 21th , day 28th and 35th ; type 4 (unit JKL) without treatment (control). The level of protein for group I of unit ADGJ was 19% of starter feed and 16% of finisher feed. The level of protein for group II  unit BEHK was 21 %of starter feed and 18% finisher feed. The variable used in body weight, feed conversion, production index at the 5th and 6th weeks of age. Result indicated that the body weight optimum was 1483.33 gram at the 5th weeks of age and 1868,89 gram, feed conversion 1, 826 and production index 279,31 at the 6th weeks of age. These findings were observed in the group of chicken given drinking, water amylase, protease and probiotic mixed with at day 3rd trough 5th , day 14th , day 21st , day 28th and day 35th ; The level of protein was 23% of starter feed and 21% of finisher feed. The mixture of enzyme and probiotic in drinking water was concluded to improve in body weight, feed conversion and production index of broiler. (Animal Production 3(1): 26-30 (2001)Key Words: Broiler, enzyme, probiotic,  body weight, feed conversion, production index.

Study on Estimation of Milk Production Based on Heart Girth Measurement and Udder Size of Fries Holland Dairy Cows

An experiment entitled “Study on Estimation of Milk Production Based on Heart Girth Measurement and Udder Size of Fries Holland Dairy Cows “ has been carried at Karanglewas District Banyumas Regency. The objectives of this experiment were (1) to predict milk production of Fries Holland cows based on measurement of heart girth and udder size; (2) to complete information in attempting milk production estimation, especially Fries Holland cows; (3) to help the publics in case of productive cows selection. The material of this experiment was 40 heads of Fries Holland cows, at age of 3 years up to 5 years old. The result of this experiment (after the milk product data were corrected into 305 days lactation), showes that the average of heart girth was 180.20 ± 7.06 cm; udder size was 89.03 ± 23.35 dm2 and milk production was 2326.54 ± 331.79 litters. The data analysis indicated that correlation coefisient r = 0.87 and determination coefisient (R2) = 0,7651 and the multiple regression equation : Y = 1465.66 + 1.42 X1+ 6.79 X2. From the result of this experiment, if could be conclude that udder size parameter was the best variable of milk production estimation compared to heart girth and if can be used to estimated milk production. (Animal Production 4(1): 32-35 (2002)Key words : milk production, heart girth, udder size, fries holand

Ratio of Native Grass and Concentrate in the Ration to the Quality of Milk Production of Holstein Cow

The research attempted to find out ratio of native grass and concentrate in the ration to the quality of milk production of Holstein cow. Latin Square Design was used with five treatments of ratio of native grass and concentrate ( 70 : 30%, 60 : 40%, 50 : 50%, 40 : 60%, 30 : 70%), applied using five Holstein cows at the third lactation periode and the third mounth of lactation. The variable measured were in the quality milk production consist of actual milk yield, the milk fat content, crude protein, solid non fat, efficiency of  energy bruto and energy netto, and income over feed cost. The best ratio of native grass and concentrate in the ration for the efficiency of energy bruto, energy netto and income was 50 : 50%. The milk fat content and actual milk yield have relationship form with the milk energy value. The best ratio of native grass and concentrate in the ration to increasing the milk fat content, crude protein and crude of solid non fat was 70 : 30%. (Animal Production 7(1): 14-20 (2005) Key Words : Native grass, concentrate, energy bruto, energy netto

The Relationship of Progesterone and Estradiol Concentrations During Pregnancy with Lamb Birth Weigh In Javanese Thin-Tail Ewes

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari hubungan antara konsentrasi progesteron dan estrogen selama kebuntingan dengan bobot lahir pada domba ekor tipis.  Tiga puluh sembilan domba bunting digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Domba percobaan disuntik PGF2α dua kali secara intra muskuler dengan interval sebelas hari.  Satu-dua hari setelah penyuntikan terakhir domba percobaan dikawinkan secara alami melalui perkawinan kelompok.  Sampel darah diambil setiap bulan (0 – 5 bulan) selama periode kebuntingan untuk menentukan konsentrasi progesterone dan estrogen.  Bobot lahir anak ditimbang sekitar 12 jam setelah kelahiran.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anak sekelahiran, konsentrasi progesterone dan estradiol serum induk pada bulan kedua kebuntingan secara positif berkorelasi dengan bobot lahir anak.  Disimpilkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi progesterone dan estradiol selama kebuntingan akan semakin tinggi total bobot lahir anak.  Disarankan bahwa peningkatan konsentrassi progesterone dan estradiol selama kebuntingan dapat memperbaiki pertumbuhan prenatal dan bobot lahir. (Animal Production 6(1): 49-55 (2004) Key Words: Progesteron, Estradiol,  Bobot Lahir, Kebuntingan, Domba

The Influence of Concentrace Mineral Drops on Performance Broiler

A research has been conducted in Experimental Farm Faculty of Animal Husbandry Unsoed from July 1 st until August 15 th, 1996. The purpose want to study the influence of CMD supplementation in drinking water consists of M0 = control; M1 = 0.5 drops/1000 cc, M2 = 1 drops/1000 cc; M3 = 1.5 drops/1000 cc and M4 = 2 drops/1000cc. The performance observed were growth, body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, drinking water consumption; and income over feed and mineral cost (IOFMC). The research involved 100 broiler chickens divided that CMD supplementation until 2 drops/1000cc did not significantly affect on the performance of broiler chickens except in income over feed and mineral cost (P<0.05). (Animal Production 1(2): 56-62 (1999)Key Words: broiler, concentrace mineral drops, performance.

The Effect of Eggs Shape Index on Embryo on Mortalities, Unhatched Eggs and Day Old duck Abnormalities of Selected and Control Tegal Duck

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of eggs shape index on embryo mortalities, unhatched egg and day old duck abnormalities of selected and control Tegal duck. A total of 1428 fertile eggs obtained from a selected duck group and a control group were divided in to 3 group according to their eggs shape index (ESI), i.e. small (ESI ,79 percent), medium ( ESI ,82 percent ) and large (ESI ,85 percent ). The ESI was measured as a ratio of wide and length of eggs and percentage. Three batches of incubation with 7 day interval were carried out as replicates. Parameter measured were embryo mortalities, number of unhatched eggs and number of abnormal day old duck. Candling of eggs were performed at 6, 14 and days of incubation and mortalities of embryo were detected by loup. Results of the experiment showed that lowest embryos mortalities was occurred on medium eggs (24 percent) and significantly ( p< 0,05 ) affected by eggs size. Abnormal DOD from medium eggs was significantly (p ,0,05 ) lower (13 percent ) than the small (23 percent ) and large (21 percent ) eggs. Similar trends on eggs from selected duck and control ducks. This may be due to short term of selection program and young age of the female duck (24 weeks ). These results conclude that medium eggs (ESI ,82 percent) were the best size for hatching eggs. (Animal Production 2(1): 25-32 (2000)Key word : duck , hatching eggs, selection, eggs shape index

Performance of Mojosari Alabio Males Ducks Fed Complete Ration Silage

Abstract. The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of complete diet silage on feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, water consumption and mortality. The materials used were 75 Mojosari Alabio male ducks, commercial diet plus rice bran (16.50% CP, 2900 kkal GE/kg), silage with 30-60% water content. Data were subject to Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were S0 (commercial feed), S1 (silage with 30% water content), S2 (silage with 40% water content), S3 (silage with 50% water content) and S4 (silage with 60% water content). Data were subject to analysis of variance followed by orthogonal contrast test. The result showed that silage with 50% water content has significantly increased body weight gain and decreased water consumption, but there were no  effect in feed conversion. Complete diet silage was safe for Mojosari Alabio male duck. Key words : complete ration silage , duck, performance Abstrak. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian silase ransum komplit terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, konsumsi air dan persentase kematian. Bahan yang  digunakan adalah 75 ekor itik Mojosari Alabio jantan, ransum komersial ditambah dedak padi (16,50% CP, 2900 kkal GE/kg), silase dengan kadar air 30-60%. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan S0 (pakan komersial), S1 (silase dengan kadar air 30%), S2 (silase dengan kadar air 40%), S3 (silase dengan kadar air 50%) dan S4 (silase dengan kadar air 60%). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji kontras orthogonal. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa silase dengan kadar air 50% memiliki peningkatan berat badan dan penurunan konsumsi air yang signifikan, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi konversi pakan. Silase ransum komplit pakan aman untuk itik Mojosari Alabio jantan. Kata kunci : silase ransum komplit, itik, performans

Indonesia Milk Industry And Business Strategy Of Dairy Cooperative In Banyumas

Tujuan studi ini adalah memberikan gambaran tentang industri susu di Indonesia dan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan-perubahan kondisi eksternal industri susu terhadap perkembangan usaha sapi perah dan strategi bisnis koperasi sapi perah di Kabupaten Banyumas. Selanjutnya, studi ini bertujuan mengevaluasi strategi bisnis koperasi sapi perah “PESAT” dan memberikan rekomendasi tentang strategi bisnis baru yang sesuai dengan perkembangan industri susu di Indonesia. Studi ini dilaksanakan melalui studi pustaka dan survei lapangan di wilayah kerja koperasi “PESAT” (Banyumas). SWOT Analysis dan Porter’s Framework digunakan untuk mengevaluasi industri susu dan merumuskan strategi bisnis bagi koperasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa persaingan di industri susu semakin ketat oleh karena pengaruh global maupun lokal. Studi ini merekomendasikan kepada Koperasi “ PESAT” untuk mengeksplorasi pasar yang lebih luas dan menerapkan strategi baru dengan sasaran yang lebih luas berdasarkan pembedaan produk (broad differentiation). Strategi ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi ketergantungan koperasi terhadap konsumen besar yaitu PT.Sari Husada yang bertindak sebagai industri pengolahan susu (IPS) (Animal Production 4(1): 36-43 (2002)Kata kunci : Industri susu, koperasi susu, strategi bisnis

Nutritional values of wild rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) venison

Until 2002, the level of protein consumption from red meat origin by the Indonesian people was only 51.5% from the national target. The reasons for this condition were due to limited resources of domesticated animals and low income of many suburb people to buy red mead. One alternative in supplying the gap of protein consumption is by utilizing local prospective wildlife animals, such as deer. This species is widely distributed among the islands in Indonesia. In order to understand more on the quality of tropical rusa venison (Cervus timorensis), a study was conducted in Palu district, Southeast Sulawesi by collecting venison from hunters. The results showed there was no significant difference on cooking lost among the carcass parts (hind leg, front leg and saddle), with the range between 30.3 to 33.0%. There were also no significant differences on the gross energy, protein, ash, fat and phosphor values among the carcass parts. The contents of sodium , ferum and calcium were significantly different at p<0.05. In fatty acid contents, there was no interaction between the carcass parts and fatty acid groups, however among the fatty acid groups there was a significant difference (p<0.001) on the content. Palmitic and stearic acid had the highest contents (>9.5% DM), compared to other groups (<4.0% DM). In amino acid contents , it showed no interaction between the carcass parts to amino acid groups, however there was a significant difference among the amino acid groups. Glutamic acid had the highest level (15.74%DM), where as others were ranged between 2.7 to 7.6% DM. (Animal Production 7(1): 46-51 (2005) Keywords: Rusa deer, Cervus timorensis, venison, nutritional values

Effect of Zeolite Spreading Frequency on Litter Base to Housing Quality of Broiler

The research was aimed to investigate the application of zeolite spreading frequency in related to control housing quality.  In this study, three aspects of quality were observed namely housing temperature, litter temperature and litter humidity.  The result indicated that spreading frequency was only significant effective in controlling litter humidity.  Treatment of P3 significantly (P<0.05) reduced humidity level of litter base from 42.83% (P0) to 31.18%. (Animal Production 7(2): 81-88 (2005) Key Words: Quality, Broiler, Zeolite, Spreading, Litter

Immunity Response of Gumboro and ND Vaccination Result which Given with Time Spacing in Broiler Chicken

An experiment was planed to know  the possibility of negative effect on Gumboro vaccination program. This program has a possibility to cause “Sick” condition on fabrious bursal of broiler chicken. From that case, it need time spacing for subsequent vaccination program, for instance ND vaccination program.  Time spacing is very importance to broiler chicken for recovering that “Sick” condition because of Gumboro vaccination effect. The purpose of his research was to know the best time spacing between Gumboro and ND vaccination program on broiler chicken. An experimental  method was used in this research, and the material used was 216 broiler chickens. A 3x4 factorial arrangement (Gumboro vaccination as factor A and ND vaccination  as factor B) with three broiler chickens per unit and six replicates of each treatment combination was used in the  research. Variables tested of  this experiment HI ND antibody titer, body weight  of 4 weeks old, and the symptom appeared after vaccination program. Anava was used to analyze the data obtained and used orthogonal polynomial for subsequent analysis. The research  results showed that the best time spacing was eight days and there was no symptom  appeared after  Gumboro  vaccination program. There were no significantly influence of vaccination treatments on broiler chicken health and body weight. (Animal Production 3(2): 67-73 (2001) Key Words: Vaccination, symptom, antibody

Industry Through Reinforcement of Institution and Human Power Resource

The failure of small scale animal farm industry development was indicated by the decreasing of animal farm number and the high price of their product. This failure has an effect into increasing of unemployment, decreasing of animal protein available and animal population because of the high rate of animal slaughtering and the high cost need to buy animal from other countries. This report was aimed to know the strategy on developing of stand alone small scale animal farm. This study based on literature study, panel discussion and interview. The result showed that the development of human power resource was the factor to decide the first priority in developing stand alone small scale animal farm. In the past the government policy always stussed in provision of capital for animal husbandry bussines developing, so it has never been the main priority. (Animal Production 2(2): 60-68 (2000) Key words : developing and reinforcement